The subcutaneous route to insulin dependent diabetes therapy

Discusses closed-loop and partially closed-loop control strategies for insulin delivery and measuring glucose concentration. The authors review the subcutaneous closed- and partially closed-loop strategies that have been proposed and tested in recent years for insulin-dependent diabetes therapy. Focus is on control, modeling, and information technology aspects, and future directions of research are also outlined. This survey complements earlier reviews concerning control approaches and application of computers in diabetes care     

Noninvasively measuring blood glucose using saliva

Self-measurement of blood glucose level is a very important aspect in monitoring the health quality of diabetic patients who require insulin therapy. Typically, a blood sample for analysis is obtained via a finger stick or other such invasive procedure. Often, this blood collecting causes physical and mental stress to the patient. For this reason, it is desirable to establish a noninvasive bloodless procedure to monitor the blood glucose level (BGL). Here, the authors discuss the correlation between BGL and saliva glucose level and then present an approach that uses an enzyme-sensor system to noninvasively measure blood glucose using saliva     

基于DSP技术的便携式无创血糖检测仪

研究了一种基于能量代谢守恒法的便携式无创血糖检测仪,通过集成无创血糖传感器检测人体手指表面的温度、湿度、辐射以及人体血氧饱和度、脉率等参数,采用DSP处理器分析计算出血糖浓度。介绍了该血糖仪的检测原理、硬件结构、软件和算法流程。用所研制的血糖仪进行了临床实验,得到的血糖值与用大型生化分析仪测得的血糖值的相关系数达到0.862,绝对误差范围是？0.75mmol/L-0.5mmol/L,但大部分结果的误差不超过0.3mmol/L。实验证明,能量代谢守恒法无创血糖检测技术是可行的。     

Noninvasive blood glucose assay using a newly developed near-infrared system

This paper reports in vivo near-infrared (NIR) noninvasive blood glucose assay using dermis tissue spectra. We assume that the glucose content in dermis tissue traces the variations in blood glucose. For dermis spectra measurements, epidermis, especially stratum corneum, acts as an interference in skin tissue. Thus, we have developed a method for the selective measurement of dermis tissue spectra, enabling us to obtain better quality spectra for an accurate blood glucose assay. The selective measurement of the dermis spectra realized by using a newly developed fiber-optic probe that consists of source and detector optical fibers separated by 0.65 mm on a skin surface. The light path in the skin tissue for this geometry has been simulated by a Monte Carlo method. The simulation results show that detected light mainly interrogates dermis tissue. As the absorbance signal of glucose in human tissue is extremely small, the quality of the measured spectra is critical for the reliable assay. The present method for blood glucose assay has been applied to one Type 1 diabetic. The correlation coefficient between the blood glucose content predicted by NIR spectra and those measured by finger-prick was 0.928 and the standard error of prediction was 32.2 mg/dL. These results demonstrate the potential of our methodology for noninvasive NIR blood glucose assay.     

Devil's staircase route to chaos in a non-linear circuit

A driven second-order negative-resistance oscillator circuit has been observed experimentally to exhibit infinitely many distinct chaotic states in addition to infinitely many subharmonic responses of all orders. Each chaotic state is found to be born out of a devil's staircase whose steps are spaced in accordance with a definite period-adding law. Each devil's staircase emerges at some level of frequency-tuning resolution, where each level is embedded within an outer level, ad infinitum. The global bifurcation structure is self-similar in the sense that upon rescaling, the devil's staircases appear to be clones of each other.     

非线性器件的建模与测试

在快速发展、竞争激烈的非线性设计领域,能够用最短的时间将新器件技术转变为最终产品的能力是公司取得成功的关键。近来发展最好的方法是使用行为模型。此方法与相关测试测量方案的优点相结合,可以极大地缩短产品设计周期。本文将阐述一种专门的测量/建模解决方案,无论是简单的50 Ω系统级测试,还是需要波形工程的针对任意负载阻抗的全谐波特性描述,都可以进行表征。     

The use of linear multi-input/multi-output control theory to studyposture control

Summary form only given. It is argued that recent results in linear multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) control theory provide new insights into the control of posture and that these methods can provide even more insight once they begin to motivate experiments. The first step in applying linear MIMO control theories to the control of posture is to create a mathematical model of the dynamic system to be controlled. Such a model, in the absence of simplifying assumptions, would be nonlinear and of very high state dimension. The size of the problem can be dealt with by focusing on a particular aspect that is fairly independent, such as the control of the posture of one leg. It is then at least plausible that the effect of the neglected portions of the system is only to perturb the controller for the leg. The next step is to model the sensors and to determine which states are available to the controller. A linear state-feedback control theory based on the linear quadratic regular (LQR) is discussed. This theory produces linear state-feedback controls that minimize a quadratic performance measure. The performance measure has some designer specified parameters that can be used to vary the relative importance of control versus state errors. This approach has been used to derive optimal linear state-feedback controls for regulating the posture of the 36 state limb model     

Constrained long-range adaptive predictive control of arterial blood pressure

An adaptive blood pressure control system based on the long-range or finite-time-horizon prediction strategy known as generalized predictive control has been examined. The system was designed to run as a real-time, multitasking operating system providing real-time monitoring and control of mean arterial pressure. The ability to control in the presence of constraints was also incorporated into the system. Results from both unconstrained and constrained control runs were obtained from experiments on aneasthetized dogs. The problems caused by model-plant mismatch, varying time delays and non-linearity were handled satisfactorily by the system. The disturbance rejection of the constrained algorithm is better than the unconstrained one. The results demonstrate the applicability of both the constrained and unconstrained generalized predictive control algorithm for regulation of mean arterial pressure.     

五相异步电机的SVPWM控制技术

通过对三相空间矢量脉宽调制技术的扩展，提出一种可以推广到多相的五相空间矢量脉宽调制技术，对该控制技术和调制方法进行了深入研究，并利用DSP硬件实验系统验证了该控制技术的可行性，取得了较好的效果。     

南水北调西线调水对雅砻江水电开发的影响

南水北调西线调水工程拟从雅砻江上游调水65亿m^3,分两期实施,将对该河流的水电开发带来一定的影响。调水减少了下泄水量,改变了径流的年内分配过程,电站保证出力、装机容量和年发电量随之减少,上中游河段受影响大于下游。     

模糊控制原理在超声马达定位控制系统中的应用

超声波电机是一种新型的电机，它有许多电磁电机无法比拟的优点，但它的数学模型的强非线性和时变性，使高精度的位置定位非常困难。本文阐述了模糊控制在行波型超声电机位置定位系统中的应用，详细讨论了模糊控制器（双入单出）的设计，并在单向定位系统中进行了初步实验，取得了良好的定位效果。     

The power of networking-pooling resources to keep our electricityon requires control

One of life's mysteries is how electric power companies provide our homes and industries with electric service so reliably and, despite oft-heard complaints, so economically. This article will attempt to shed light on the basic principles on which electric power systems operate. The author discusses the electric power grid, power system organisation, frequency control, clock time, power interchange control, area control error, economic load dispatch, spinning reserve, load flow, system security, and voltage stability     

燃煤电厂SCR法烟气脱硝技术简介及选型思路

选择性催化还原法（SCR）脱硝工艺是目前比较成熟的方法,详细分析了其脱硝原理、工艺流程、脱硝反应塔的布置、脱硝改造中主要的技术选型路线原则及对锅炉运行存在的影响。     

随机模糊控制策略及其在机器人控制中的应用

针对模糊规则的自动生成问题,采用Skinner操作条件反射(OC)和概率有限自动机(PFA)构成的OCPFA学习系统,设计能对模糊规则进行自学习和自组织的随机模糊控制策略.本策略首先采用设计的OC学习机制,从模糊行为集合中随机选取一个模糊行为,作为模糊规则的后件;然后利用环境对选取模糊行为的反馈信息,更新OC学习机制;最后依据更新后的OC学习机制,重新选取模糊后件行为,直至学习到最优的模糊规则.理论证明,其自学习和自组织过程在概率意义上是收敛的.在两轮自平衡机器人上的仿真和实验均表明,设计的随机模糊控制策略不需要系统的模型,成功地实现了机器人的自平衡控制,并提高了机器人的学习速度和控制精度.     

送风量对空调器凝露影响的试验分析

国家标准GB/T 7725中规定空调器的凝露试验中送风量的操作方法是“在不违反制造厂规定下调到最易凝露状态”,那么,具体来说,“最易凝露状态”是指送风量最大的状态还是指送风量最小的状态呢？本文对送风量对空调器凝露的影响进行了试验研究,确定了空调器在蒸发器不同的制冷剂分流状态下,“最易凝露状态”对应的送风量状态.     

控制配电线路作业危险点的有效方法

随着城市电网的大规模改造,10kV配电网由原来的辐射型改造为网络型“手拉手”的供电方式。为此,10kV线路检修中的人身安全问题,则是供电企业人身伤亡事故防范工作的重点。采取《安全监督卡》控制危险点作业的有效方法,可以为电气设备停电作业工作,筑起了一道安全放火墙。     

电动汽车稳定性的横摆力矩控制

针对轮毂电机式电动汽车的稳定性控制问题,建立了七自由度整车模型和非线性轮胎模型.在此基础上,提出基于横摆力矩控制的电动汽车稳定性控制策略.通过线性二自由度车辆模型计算理想质心侧偏角和理想横摆角速度.采用状态观测器估计实际质心侧偏角.以汽车质心侧偏角和横摆角速度为控制变量,设计了基于滑模理论的稳定性控制器.通过对单个车轮施加驱动或制动控制,产生纠正汽车行驶状态的横摆力矩.建立了基于CarSim和Matlab/SIMULINK的稳定性控制系统虚拟仿真平台,在双移线工况下进行仿真分析.结果表明该稳定性控制器能够快速施压驱动力或制动力,及时、准确地控制汽车的横摆角速度和质心侧偏角,避免汽车产生不足转向或过多转向,使汽车实际运行的路径与期望路径保持一致,提高了汽车的操纵稳定性.     

浅谈质量成本管理

文章较详细地介绍了质量成本的构成、管理、预测和计划、科目设置及核算,同时还介绍了质量成本的分析和报告、控制与考核的有关内容。     

基于综合代价因子的新型卫星网络路由改进算法

为了解决传统卫星网络路由算法难以从根本上避免链路切换及其引起的路由重置、分配控制等问题,在国外现有卫星网络路由算法的基础上进行改进,提出一种基于综合代价因子的新型路由算法 ICFRA。该路由算法利用相邻卫星在源节点和目的节点之间寻找一条最短传播路径,进行数据包的转发,经过 NS2软件仿真验证,该路由算法在网络容量、投递率、稳定性、时延、抗毁性等关键性能指标方面均优于现有算法,对未来的卫星通信路由算法设计有一定的参考价值。