燕子山矿山西组富孢子煤显微组分特征及其解离特性研究

以燕子山富孢子煤为研究对象,通过将煤样破筛分成不同粒度,利用偏光显微镜研究不同破碎程度下的煤岩显微组分特征和解离规律。结果表明,随着破碎粒度的增大,镜质组含量减少,惰质组和壳质组含量增加。并研究在不同破碎程度下的重力分选结果,发现破碎至0.125～0.074 mm,分选密度为1.25 g/cm³时,可获得壳质组含量为89.93%。最后对富集的壳质组进行分离,确定孢粉主要集中在1.16～1.18 g/cm3时,可获得壳质组含量为89.93%。最后对富集的壳质组进行分离,确定孢粉主要集中在1.16～1.18 g/cm³,富集产率达到90%以上。     

燕子山矿山西组富孢子煤显微组分特征及其解离特性研究

以燕子山富孢子煤为研究对象,通过将煤样破筛分成不同粒度,利用偏光显微镜研究不同破碎程度下的煤岩显微组分特征和解离规律。结果表明,随着破碎粒度的增大,镜质组含量减少,惰质组和壳质组含量增加。并研究在不同破碎程度下的重力分选结果,发现破碎至0.125～0.074 mm,分选密度为1.25 g/cm~3时,可获得壳质组含量为89.93%。最后对富集的壳质组进行分离,确定孢粉主要集中在1.16～1.18 g/cm~3,富集产率达到90%以上。     

用吡啶抽提法对煤岩显微组分结构变化的研究

为研究和探讨煤主要显微组分结构特征,在基本不破坏煤分子结构的温和条件(40℃)下,用吡啶对平朔气煤三种显微组分进行了抽提。结果表明,三种显微组分的吡啶抽提率大小与其芳香缩聚程度高低顺序相反,即抽提率(％)顺序为:稳定组(14.07)>镜质组(10.17)>丝质组(3.54)。通过对原样和残样进行FTIR和XRD的分析获知,吡啶抽提过程主要是将煤大分子网络结构中的小分子物质如含一CH_2,—CH_3,C—H脂肪侧链、含C—O官能团、含—OH化合物等抽出。吡啶抽提后三种显微组分残样中的芳香结构比例均有增加。     

煤岩显微组分对活性炭表面性质的协同效应机理

为探究煤岩显微组分对活性炭表面性质的协同效应机理,按密度分选富集煤岩显微组分,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,测试了原煤和前驱体煤岩显微组分的性质,分析了活性炭的氮气吸附量、孔结构特征、官能团和润湿性。结果表明:按密度分选可以有效富集煤岩显微组分,煤中活性组分与惰性组分之间的协同效应对活性炭的表面性质有重要影响;中间密度级前驱体的活惰比(活性组分与惰性组分的体积分数比)适中,既有充足的活性组分造孔,又有足够的惰性组分形成骨架,用其制备的活性炭孔结构最发达,比表面积和总孔体积最大(分别为1 264.47 m~2/g和0.700 0 cm~3/g),中孔率最高(35.71%),氮气吸附量最大;随着前驱体活惰比减小,活性炭的含氧官能团少量减少,而矿物质含量迅速增加,使得KOH电解液对活性炭的润湿性增强。     

煤岩组分的解离特性与分离技术

从煤的煤岩组分的解离特性研究究入手,探索适用而经济的煤岩组分分离技术微细介质重介旋流器脱除丝炭,以改善低煤阶煤的液化性能.     

煤岩显微组分与焦炭显微结构组成之间关系的研究

对煤的显微组分与其焦炭显微结构组成的对应关系进行了定性与定量测定。结果表明：焦炭中的破片、类丝炭来源于煤中的用性组分。焦炭显微结构中光学各向异性单元尺寸取决于煤的变质程度。     

炼焦中煤解离精煤的炼焦性能与煤岩学分析

选取重介中煤为研究对象,将其破碎、研磨,并按密度分离后得到解离精煤,将解离精煤与重介精煤进行对比,通过工业分析、元素分析、胶质层指数和黏结指数测定等分析方法,探讨解离精煤与重介精煤在炼焦性能和煤岩学特征上的差异。结果表明:解离精煤和重介精煤的工业分析和元素分析各项指标均非常接近,然而解离精煤的胶质层指数和黏结指数显著低于重介精煤的胶质层指数和黏结指数,发现解离精煤并不适用于炼焦。解离精煤相比重介精煤,其镜质组含量降低了16.0%,惰质组含量增加了17.7%。解离精煤镜质组含量降低主要是因为碎屑镜质体的减少,惰质组含量增加主要是因为半丝质体和碎屑惰质体的增加,解离精煤和重介精煤的煤岩组分差异是导致两种精煤胶质层指数和黏结指数差异显著的主要原因。因此,将重介中煤破碎解离再选后获得的精煤用于炼焦用煤的可行性及其意义需要充分论证和研究。     

中灰分煤解离浮选试验研究

为了探索中灰分煤解离浮选脱硫降灰的可行性,利用磨矿方法对1.4～1.5 kg/L密度级煤样进行解离试验,并对各解离程度的煤样进行浮选分步释放试验。试验结果表明：磨矿可以使煤样充分解离,低灰物料累计产率可达78%,随着解离程度的提高,解离后1.4～1.5 kg/L密度级物料的灰分显著降低;浮选方法很难高效地将小于200网目低灰物料回收,且无机硫易污染低灰煤炭;煤样磨矿至小于120网目最有利于浮选,灰分为12%时,理论浮选精煤产率约为32%,理论浮选精煤硫分约为1.10%。中灰煤磨矿解离浮选有助于提高精煤产率。     

神东煤不同显微组分加氢液化性能及转化规律

研究了450℃下神东煤不同煤岩显微组分的加氢液化性能，从动力学角度探讨了其转化规律．结果表明：神东煤镜质组和壳质组的转化速率为惰质组的近2．6倍，镜质组和壳质组生成油和沥青烯的速率为惰质组的近2．9倍．未反应煤中主要是惰质组，镜质组和壳质组转化为油及沥青烯的比例高于惰质组．     

混配煤混配比例的煤岩学检测方法及研究

混煤或混配煤是煤矿开采、运输和利用过程中广泛采用的技术．将煤质差异较大的煤按一定比例混配起来,不仅可以改善煤质,实现优势互补,而且能避免运行事故,提高经济效益．利用煤岩学检测方法,通过对原煤及其混配煤的显微组分的辨认及其代表性组分含量的统计,建立了关于混配比例与各代表性组分之间函数关系的数学模型．利用该模型可计算未知混配煤的混配比例．以华北石炭二叠纪煤与侏罗纪煤混配为例,介绍了这一研究方法．     

Thermodynamics of dissociation and micellization of sodium, calcium, aluminum, and tin stearates in mixed organic solvents

Sodium, calcium, aluminum, and tin stearates behave as weak electrolytes in dilute solutions (60% benzene + 40% methanol, vol/vol) below the critical micelle concentration, and conductance data can be explained on the basis of Ostwald’s formula and the Debye-Hückel theory of weak electrolytes. Dissociation constants and thermodynamic parameters for dissociation and micellization of these soaps were also evaluated. Micellization was spontaneous and predominant over the dissociation process.     

连续逆流解离萃取法分离间氯苯胺及对氯苯胺

以萃取酸为连续相，应用填料塔设备对间氯苯胺及对氯苯胺混合物进行连续解离萃取以提纯间氯苯胺。实验考察了不同填料、塔高、停留时间等因素对分离效果的影响，并根据实验数据及成品纯度要求设计了塔的级数，完成了分离试验，分离后间氯苯胺纯度大于99％。     

Cage occupancy and dissociation enthalpy of hydrocarbon hydrates

An elaborated statistical mechanical theory on clathrate hydrates is applied to exploration of their phase equilibria and dissociation enthalpies. The experimental dissociation pressures of methane, ethane, acetylene, and propane hydrates are well recovered by the method we have proposed. We estimate water/hydrate and hydrate/guest two-phase coexisting conditions in the temperature, pressure, and composition space in addition to three-phase equilibrium conditions. It is shown that the occupancy of guest molecules and the two-phase boundaries in the phase diagram vary depending sensitively on its size. Enthalpy components arising from the host and guest interactions are separately calculated from the temperature dependence of the corresponding free energy values. This enables to evaluate the dissociation enthalpy at any stable and metastable thermodynamic state taking account of the phase transition in the coexisting phase such as melting of ice, notably that along the three-phase equilibrium line.     

偶氮胂显色剂离解常数及其与镧配合物稳定常数的测定

用分光光度法和电位滴定测定了部分偶氮胂显色剂的离散常数,与已报道偶氮膦显色剂进行了比较。测定了与稀土镧元素的稳定常数,讨论了取代基种类及位置的影响。     

四氢咔唑酮离解常数的光度法测定

研究了四氢咔唑酮在不同比例的乙醇.水混合溶剂中及不同酸度下的吸收光谱,提出了采用紫外分光光度法测定四氢咔唑酮在水中离解常数的方法.试验证明:在不同比例的乙醇.水混合溶剂中,四氢咔唑酮的离解常数与乙醇的体积分数存在良好的线性关系,通过外推至乙醇含量为零,可求得在实验条件下四氢咔唑酮在水溶液中的离解常数pKb为14.04.     

Methane hydrate formation and dissociation behaviors in montmorillonite

The methane hydrate formation and the methane hydrate dissociation behaviors in montmorillonite are experimentally studied. Through the analyses of the microstructure characteristic, the study obtains the porous characteristic of montmorillonite. It is indicated that methane hydrate in montmorillonite forms the structure I(sI) crystal.Meanwhile, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study the processes of the methane hydrate formation and the methane hydrate dissociation in montmorillonite. The microstructure and microscopic properties are analyzed. The methane hydrate formation and methane hydrate dissociation mechanisms in the montmorillonite nanopore and on the montmorillonite surface are expounded. Combining the experimental and simulating analyses,the results indicate the methane hydrate formation and methane hydrate dissociation processes have little influence upon the crystal structure of porous media from either micro-or macro-analysis. It is beneficial to the fundamental researches on the exploitation and security control technologies of natural gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments.     

Experimental data and approximate estimation for dissociation time of hydrate plugs

New experimental data coupled with a numerical model and an approximate solution are proposed to predict dissociation time of hydrate plugs in oil sub-sea pipelines. The experimental hydrate plugs are dissociated by the method of symmetric depressurisation, both in a specially designed apparatus and a classical batch reactor. The agreement between the estimation of the model and the experimental data and the simplicity of the approximate equation presents an advantage in estimating the time of hydrate plug dissociation in pipelines.     

Correlation between thermal dissociation and chemical structure of blocked isocyanates

Thermal dissociation of blocked aliphatic isocyanates was investigated. It was found that the degree of dissociation is much affected by the structure of the isocyanates and blocking agents. These results were able to be related to the electron densities and to the thermal dissociation calculated by computer simulation.     

Theoretical studies of CO adsorption and dissociation on Ru in presence of Cl or MoO x

Using the extended Hückel molecular orbital method we studied the adsorption and dissociation of CO over a Ru cluster with Cl or MoO preadsorbed onto it. Previous experimental information oriented us to think that the remaining Cl present in Ru/SiO₂ and RuMo/SiO₂ catalysts could influence their chemisorptive and catalytic properties. On this basis our theoretical model explains the observed activity and selectivity during the CO + H₂ reaction, that is, Cl decreases the adsorption of CO and hinders its dissociation. This could lead to the appearance of methanol as a synthesis product. On the other hand, our theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of MoO on top of the Ru cluster favors the adsorption of CO parallel to the cluster surface. They also predict an energy barrier for its dissociation which is interpreted in terms of the possible insertion of this CO molecule into a metal-methyl bond thereby forming the ethanol precursor.     

整体浇注钢包烘烤过程中内衬温度场和应力场分析

采用数值分析方法研究整体浇注钢包烘烤过程中内衬温度随时间变化情况,得出内衬各点温度随时间变化特征及不同点处温度分布,并通过现场测试验证模型结果正确性.采用有限元方法对烘包某一时间点内衬应力分析,探讨烘烤过程中整体浇注钢包应力分布集中情况及原因,为提高整体浇注钢包使用寿命提供一定的指导作用.