共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
生物质能作为目前使用量最大的可再生能源形式,具有储量巨大、零碳排放、可再生及供应稳定等优点。生物质焦作为生物质能利用的重要形式,其反应活性因原料种类不同表现出巨大差异,严重阻碍了生物质能的进一步研究和利用。生物质焦的反应活性主要受无机元素、织构特性及碳结构的影响。拉曼光谱作为近年来发展迅猛的碳结构表征技术,已广泛应用于生物质焦的物理、化学结构特性研究。从生物质焦拉曼光谱的特征峰位置、特征峰宽、特征峰强度比和特征峰面积等光谱参数出发,综述国内外生物质焦的碳结构,并解析了生物质焦在热化学转化中碳结构的演化规律。拉曼光谱能有效表征生物质焦的碳骨架结构,高度有序的芳香或石墨化结构会降低生物质焦的反应性。目前对生物质焦反应活性与拉曼光谱参数表征的碳骨架结构之间的相关性研究仍较少,且多聚焦在单一种类生物质,其结论普适性仍需验证。也有少量关于多种生物质原料的焦反应活性和拉曼光谱表征研究,但未给出定量的结论。介绍笔者在多种生物质原料的焦反应活性与焦的拉曼光谱指标的关联性方面的研究进展,以期为生物质燃料的反应活性后续研究提供参考。展望未来,生物质焦的拉曼光谱研究发展潜力很大,目前主要研究仍基于一阶拉曼光... 相似文献
5.
以煤为原料制备石墨烯是一种非常有前景的煤炭材料化、高值化利用途径。针对煤岩组分的组成、结构差异,探明煤岩组分在制备氧化石墨烯过程中的演变规律,是开发煤基石墨烯制备技术的理论基础。利用重选法富集低变质神府煤中镜质组和惰质组,并将富集煤岩组分通过高温石墨化得到石墨化碳,以石墨化碳为前驱体通过改良的Hummers氧化法制备煤基氧化石墨烯。利用元素分析、红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及原子力显微镜等研究煤及其煤岩组分在制备氧化石墨烯过程中的组成和结构演变规律。结果表明炭化处理使煤有机大分子结构向无定形碳结构转变,高温石墨化使煤有机大分子结构向石墨碳结构转变;惰质组呈片状结构且分子结构中芳香结构单元较多导致石墨化碳微晶尺寸较大,高温石墨化处理后其拉曼光谱的(AD1/AG)值为0.382,镜质组高温石墨化处理后的(AD1/AG)值为0.686,原煤高温石墨化处理后的(AD1/AG)值为0.864;利用富惰质组得到的石墨化碳制备氧化石墨烯厚度尺寸约... 相似文献
6.
以甲烷为碳源气体,在不使用催化剂的条件下采用微波化学气相沉积法合成了直径为50nm左右的碳纳米球。采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和拉曼光谱等手段对碳纳米球的形貌与结构进行观察和分析。实验结果表明,本实验所合成的碳纳米球具有较高的纯度,碳球为实心结构,由围绕着中心排列组成的未闭合的石墨层构成。并结合实验结果对碳纳米球的生长机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
利用红外光谱研究黄陵烛煤溶剂抽提产物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为开发黄陵烛煤在制取化学品和高性能材料的新工艺方面的应用,在探索适宜于黄陵烛煤溶剂抽提体系的基础上,运用红外光谱现代分析技术,对原煤和不同溶剂中抽提得到的残煤的组成和结构特征进行对比分析;并分析所得到的抽提物,得出烛煤的芳香度很低,芳环数少,残煤主要富集的是含芳环结构的成分和矿物质,而抽提物以脂肪结构物质为主. 相似文献
10.
11.
介绍了我国无烟煤、贫煤、不黏煤和长焰煤等非炼焦煤的性质及在炼焦生产中的应用情况。利用非炼焦煤代替部分焦煤炼焦,成本优势十分明显,既可缓解焦煤资源不足的压力,还能优化我国煤炭资源的利用。 相似文献
12.
Steps are now being taken to define in more detail the phenomenology of coal liquefaction and to provide a scientific basis for empirical correlations previously established between liquefaction conversion and basic compositional characteristics of coals. The rates of production of oils, asphaltenes and preaphaltenes have been determined at four temperatures for three coals, two of Carboniferous and one of Creaceousage. Products are formed more slowly from the younger coal (which is of slightly lower rank) than from the others, but oxygen, partly as OH but probably mostly in a type of ether, is lost more rapidly. It is estimated that the maximum content of O as cleavable ether is 7.7 atoms/100 C atoms for the younger coal (from Wyoming) and 4.1 and 5.1 for the other two (from Oklahoma and Ohio, respectively). Until ≈ 50% of the amount present in the Oklahoma coal is lost, the rates of removal of oxygen and organic sulphur are approximately equal; beyond this level, the removal of S is more rapid. The loss of organic sulphur from the Ohio coal is slightly faster. Even so, the data do not support the idea that cleavage of thioethers is more rapid than that of ethers and that this is the basic reason why a high organic sulphur content tends to promote liquefaction. Conversion of the pyrite in the Ohio coal to pyrrhotite occurs considerably more rapidly than the pyrite in the Oklahoma coal. In preliminary experiments, it is shown that a curve-resolving programme allows two aromatic and five aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations to be distinguished in FTIR spectra of the hexane-insoluble products, and the distribution changes with degree of conversion. In particular, there is evidence that new aryl methyl are generated during liquefaction, in agreement with evidence from oxidation studies. 相似文献
13.
14.
在融碱法和高压液减法脱灰的基础上,研究了煤的常压液碱法脱灰。考察了碱煤比、反应温度、时间、粒度组成等对两种煤脱灰的影响,并对脱灰机理作了初步分析。 相似文献
15.
16.
大同侏罗纪10—11#煤煤质特征及其控制因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了大同10-11#煤的变质程度和煤岩特征,指出高含量的丝质组是大同10-11#煤最主要的煤岩特征,分析了大同10-11#煤煤类、化学和工艺性质与其沉积环境和变质程度的关系,探讨了大同10-11#煤煤质特征及其成因因素,提出了煤炭分选技术是扩大大同煤利用途径的有效手段,为大同煤的合理利用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
17.
国内煤化工的现状及发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了国内煤化工行业的现状,详细介绍了煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制天然气、煤制乙二醇、煤制芳烃项日的技术、经济情况,指出通过开发下游产品,合理利用CO2来改善产品单一、节能减排压力大问题。 相似文献
18.
The e.p.r. and i.r. spectra of hand-picked samples of calcite from Pittsburgh No. 8 coal, show that it contains the Mn2+ paramagnetic ion and clay minerals as impurities. Furthermore, comparison of the e.p.r. spectra of hand-picked and natural calcite shows that the Mn2+ spectrum in this coal originates from calcite, which when diluted in KBr or coal produces a spectrum similar to that reported by other investigators. The results obtained when coal-derived calcite was treated with dilute H2SO4 and HCI rules out the possibility that the Mn2+ originates from the pyrite or clays present in the coal. 相似文献
19.