改进灰色GM(1,m)模型在变压器故障预测中的应用

针对灰色模型在预测变压器故障时对波动数据序列的预测误差较大的问题,提出了一种灰色GM(1,m)预测模型改进方案:对原始数据序列进行处理,使其具有更好的指数规律,以满足预测模型对光滑性的要求;对处理过的原始数据序列进行灰关联度分析,以得到各变量之间的关系;优化预测模型的背景值并用其建模;采用等维新息模型预测数据。采用改进的灰色GM(1,m)模型预测某变压器油中7种特征气体的体积分数,所得预测数据的平均残差和后验相对误差均小于GM(1,1)模型和传统GM(1,m)的预测结果,表明其具有更好的预测精确度。     

GM(1,1)模型拓广方法研究与应用

为了拓广GM(1,1)模型的适用范围,对GM(1,1)模型进行了两方面的改进:对初始序列进行预处理以改善其光滑性;用GM(1,1)模型的内涵型代替白化响应式作为新的预测公式.理论分析与实验结果表明,改进模型不仅比传统模型的预测精度高,而且完全适用干对高增长序列建模,拓广了GM(1,1)模型的适用范围.     

基于组合插值的GM(1,1)模型背景值的改进*

针对 GM(1,1) 模型预测误差偏大的问题,对GM(1,1)模型背景值的构造形式进行了研究。为了能够更加有效地降低GM(1,1)模型的预测误差,提出了基于辛普森3/8公式和牛顿插值公式的组合插值方法来构造出新的GM(1,1)模型的背景值。在GM(1,1)模型的建模过程中,由于原始建模数据序列中的第一个数据没有参与建模, 导致原始数据序列的数据资源利用效率降低,影响了GM(1,1)模型预测精度。因此,可以通过把灰色协调系数b加在原始建模数据序列前面的方法,使第一个数据能够参与到GM(1,1)模型的建模过程中。为了检验模型的改进效果,进行了原始建模数据类型分别为纯指数型数据序列、稳定型数据序列和缺失型数据序列的三组实验。对每组测试实验的预测结果进行对比分析,可以发现,基于组合插值方法对GM(1,1)模型的背景值进行改进,可以极大地降低GM(1,1)模型的模拟和预测误差。改进后的模型具有比较好的预测稳定性,增强了GM(1,1)模型的适用性。     

集成灰色支持向量机预测模型研究与应用

对灰色预测GM(1,1)模型进行了分析,提出了集成灰色支持向量机的预测模型。分别对影响灰色预测GM(1,1)模型精度的背景值的计算、初值的选取以及数据序列的光滑度进行改进,提出了背景GM模型、初值GM模型、光滑度GM模型,并结合支持向量机的特点,将一维原始数据序列通过三个灰色模型得到的三组值作为支持向量机的输入,原始序列作为支持向量机的输出,训练得到最佳支持向量回归机模型。仿真结果表明了该模型的有效性。     

基于小波消噪的非等间隔加权G(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降预测中的应用

建筑物沉降监测数据序列受观测条件影响大多呈现出数据量少、光滑性差、含噪声和非等时距等特点。在小波除噪和等间隔灰色GM(1,1)模型的基础上建立了非等间隔G(1,1)预测模型。在建模数据中,早期观测数据对模型预测精度贡献小(甚至有拖累现象),近期观测数据对模型预测精度贡献较大,故在建模时引入了权重矩阵以此提高模型的预测精度。实证分析表明所建非等间隔加权灰色GM(1,1)模型具有较高的预测精度,可用以工程实践。     

GM(1,1)模型拓广方法研究与应用

为了拓广GM(1,1)模型的适用范围,对GM(1,1)模型进行了两方面的改进:对初始序列进行预处理以改善其光滑性;用GM(1,1)模型的内涵型代替白化响应式作为新的预测公式.理论分析与实验结果表明,改进模型不仅比传统模型的预测精度高,而且完全适用于对高增长序列建模,拓广了GM(1,1)模型的适用范围.

     

灰色DNGM(1,1)预测模型及其优化

传统的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型是针对近似齐次指数序列建立的预测模型。为了拓广灰色预测模型的适用范围,建立了近似非齐次指数序列的灰色DNGM(1,1)预测模型。研究了这种灰色预测模型的性质,证明了这种模型都具有线性不变性,也能够完全拟合非齐次指数序列。考虑到初值条件对灰色模型的影响,对该模型进行了参数优化。数据仿真和实例分析表明,灰色DNGM(1,1)预测模型具有较高的预测精度。     

指挥控制系统效能评估指标值灰色预测模型

开展指挥控制系统效能预测性评估研究是提高评估准确性和预判战争发展的重要支撑.首先提出基于区间数的混合数据统一转换方法,解决了指标值为混合数据类型难于评估的问题;其次提出基于最近数据优先累积法的区间GM(1,1)模型,对累积法累加过程进行优化,体现最近数据对预测更重要的特点,用于GM(1,1)模型的参数估计,同时根据区间数整体性改进GM(1,1)模型,解决了传统灰色预测方法预测平均误差较大和无法对区间数时间序列进行预测的问题,最后利用新陈代谢思想对模型进行完善.以某次装备试验评估数据为例进行实例分析,结果表明,改进后的区间数GM(1,1)模型预测精度高,满足试验评估数据多样性和动态性特点,证明了该模型的可用性.     

基于灰色GM(1,1)模型的时间序列预测研究

基于灰色理论GM(1,1)模型,结合Elman神经网络组成灰色神经网络模型。模型的输出误差作为一个新的时间序列,通过Elman神经网络对误差序列进行拟合和预测,更大限度地减小预测误差。GM(1,1)模型所需要的数据少,方法简单;Elman神经网络是动态的神经网络对历史数据具有高度的敏感性。这种灰色理论与动态神经网络的组合模型,比起单个的预测模型提高了预测精度,通过分析和验证表明,该方法实用有效。     

基于改进灰色预测模型的交通事故预测模型研究

为了提高交通事故数据预测的准确度,采取GM(1,1)和OSDGM(1,1)等单一模型,对2008-2019年我国交通事故死亡人数数据进行分析。根据GM(1,1)和OSDGM(1,1)模型建立最优加权组合模型,使用Verhulst模型对建立的加权组合模型进行残差修正,并借助灰色模型精度评价指标对预测结果进行检验。预测结果表明,GM(1,1)、OSDGM(1,1)模型和改进的灰色预测模型的预测结果的平均相对误差分别为4.35%、4.30%和1.19%,且改进的灰色模型通过精度指标检验,说明改进灰色预测模型具有较高的精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.