保温工程用聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的制备研究

采用一步法制备了聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,通过改变原料组分中聚醚的组成、异氰酸酯指数、阻燃剂用量、水的用量、交联剂的种类,分别考察了其对双组份聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料性能的影响。结果表明,组合聚醚羟值黏度对制品性能起关键作用,化学发泡剂水的添加量需要严格控制,提高液态添加型阻燃剂含量能够提高制品氧指数,但同时会降低制品力学性能,三乙醇胺作为交联剂制品综合性能好。制备得到了最佳的组合配方,制备出了硬度大、尺寸稳定性好、性能优异的聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,完全可以应用在保温工程的施工作业中。     

保温工程用聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的制备研究

采用一步法制备了聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,通过改变原料组分中聚醚的组成、异氰酸酯指数、阻燃剂用量、水的用量、交联剂的种类,分别考察了其对双组份聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料性能的影响。结果表明,组合聚醚羟值黏度对制品性能起关键作用,化学发泡剂水的添加量需要严格控制,提高液态添加型阻燃剂含量能够提高制品氧指数,但同时会降低制品力学性能,三乙醇胺作为交联剂制品综合性能好。制备得到了最佳的组合配方,制备出了硬度大、尺寸稳定性好、性能优异的聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,完全可以应用在保温工程的施工作业中。     

沈阳市首届聚氨酯泡沫施工技术培训班结束

为了更好地推广新产品、新技术,沈阳市科委新技术处委托沈阳科技信息开发服务中心于一九八七年十月在沈阳举办了首届“聚氨酯泡沫施工技术培训班”。聘请沈阳市聚氨酯化工研究所(原沈阳石油化工厂研究所)多年从事聚氨酯泡沫研制和施工的、有经验的科技人员为教员,重点讲授了聚氨酯软泡、硬泡和半硬泡制品成型原理和施工技术,并做了大量演示实验。来自北京、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、广东、内蒙、四川等十个省市自治区,三十五个从事聚氨酯泡沫制品施工单位的四十四名学员参加了培训并经考试及格     

DETDA在浇注型聚氨酯弹性体中的应用研究

采用芳香二胺固化剂DETDA、聚醚多元醇和TDI为主要原料,合成出了透明性良好的聚氨酯弹性体制品。讨论了异氰酸酯种类、混合比例和催化剂等对操作工艺和制品性能的影响。结果表明,采用DETDA作为固化剂合成的聚氨酯弹性体制品具有优异的力学性能、耐磨性和回弹性。     

彩钢屋顶聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温冬季施工技术探讨

介绍了彩钢屋顶硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料喷涂保温施工的优点,冬季低温环境下喷涂施工对原料、设备的要求,施工实例和施工效果,以及施工经验体会等。通过对施工工艺进行改进,在环境温度低于0℃的冬季可对彩钢屋顶进行保温喷涂施工,效果良好。     

聚氨酯弹性体在交通领域的应用

简要介绍了聚氨酯材料及制品在交通领域的应用,并指出了在降低综合成本、拓宽使用领域和施工温度范围等方面应进行创新性研究。     

汽车扰流板用聚氨酯材料的开发

对汽车扰流板用聚氩酯材料的配方、生产工艺及制品性能进行了研究,解决了制品高温烘烤变形及表面针孔等问题,生产出了高性能的聚氨酯汽车扰流板。     

挤出用的热塑性聚氨酯

<正>据"www.ptonline.com"报道,美国密歇根州罗穆卢斯APS公司开发出了挤出制品用的Zythane聚醚型7000系列热塑性聚氨酯,这些热塑性聚氨酯应用于气动管、电缆护套、技术型材、薄膜与板材等挤出制品。它们的硬度范围为邵氏A70到邵氏D45,还具有抗紫外性。APS公司称,Zythane7000系列聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯具     

刘卫东新的阻燃标准,新的发展机遇

由中国塑料加工工业协会聚氨酯制品专业委员会组织的“最新阻燃标准宣贯暨聚氨酯阻燃技术研讨会“于2006年11月在宁波召开。由于新标准将对行业产生重大影响,因而备受关注,有70余家与聚氨酯相关的企事业、研究单位约90余人参加了本次会议。《公共场所阻燃制品及组件燃烧性能要求和标识》GB20286-2006《、建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》GB8624-2006的主要起草人对这两个标准进行了讲解。聚氨酯行业专家也针对这两个标准的特点,探讨了聚氨酯泡沫制品适应上述新标准的阻燃技术路线及方向。本刊约请中国塑协聚氨酯制品专委会常务副秘书长刘卫东对新标准和本次会议作分析性总结。她认为,标准修订体现了对人的生命的尊重和关爱;新标准对聚氨酯制品行业是一次考验,同时也意味着新的发展机遇;中国塑协聚氨酯制品专委会将密切关注这两个标准实施后对聚氨酯制品行业的影响。     

聚氨酯制品在汽车工业中的应用

概述了聚氨酯制品在汽车工业中的应用现状与发展动向，探讨了目前我国聚氨酯制品应用于汽车工业中尚存的问题。     

酚醛泡沫的燃烧行为及阻燃研究进展

酚醛泡沫因兼具优异的保温性能和阻燃性能在工程领域得到广泛应用,但其经高温燃烧后质量残留率很低,炭层疏松、强度低,离开火焰后还易出现阴燃现象。目前有关酚醛泡沫燃烧行为的研究大多集中在如何进一步提高酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃等级或在改善其脆性的同时不降低固有的阻燃性能,还未见关于酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程行为的综述报道。文章介绍了酚醛泡沫在明火燃烧和阴燃状态的燃烧行为,分析了影响酚醛泡沫燃烧行为的因素,并总结了现有酚醛泡沫阻燃研究的进展。目前酚醛泡沫的燃烧行为及阻燃研究主要集中在泡沫的明火燃烧,对酚醛泡沫阴燃问题的研究重视不足,缺乏针对酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程的行为和机理探究。因此,提出应加大对酚醛泡沫阴燃行为的研究投入,注重对酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程的机理探索与阻燃方案研究,设计并研发出解决酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程问题的有效途径。     

酚醛泡沫的燃烧行为及阻燃研究进展

酚醛泡沫因兼具优异的保温性能和阻燃性能在工程领域得到广泛应用,但其经高温燃烧后质量残留率很低,炭层疏松、强度低,离开火焰后还易出现阴燃现象。目前有关酚醛泡沫燃烧行为的研究大多集中在如何进一步提高酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃等级或在改善其脆性的同时不降低固有的阻燃性能,还未见关于酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程行为的综述报道。文章介绍了酚醛泡沫在明火燃烧和阴燃状态的燃烧行为,分析了影响酚醛泡沫燃烧行为的因素,并总结了现有酚醛泡沫阻燃研究的进展。目前酚醛泡沫的燃烧行为及阻燃研究主要集中在泡沫的明火燃烧,对酚醛泡沫阴燃问题的研究重视不足,缺乏针对酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程的行为和机理探究。因此,提出应加大对酚醛泡沫阴燃行为的研究投入,注重对酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程的机理探索与阻燃方案研究,设计并研发出解决酚醛泡沫燃烧全过程问题的有效途径。     

Ignition and combustion of low‐density polyimide foam

The ignition, flaming and smoldering combustion of low‐density polyimide foam have been studied using a cone calorimeter. Low‐density polyimide foam exhibits a high ignition resistance. The minimum heat flux for the ignition of flaming combustion ranges from 48 to 54 kW/m². This minimum heat flux also indicates the heat flux for transition from smoldering to flaming combustion. The flaming combustion results show that the heat release rate of low‐density polyimide foam is very low even at a high incident heat flux of 75 kW/m². The smoldering combustion results show that the smoldering of low‐density polyimide foam becomes significant when the incident heat flux is greater than 30 kW/m². The smoldering combustion of low‐density polyimide foam cannot be self‐sustaining when the external heat source is removed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系的研究

通过相容性、自由发泡、模具发泡和流动性实验对环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系进行了研究。探讨了聚醚多元醇、催化剂和泡沫稳定剂对聚氨酯发泡体系性能的影响。结果表明:用环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系制备的聚氨酯泡沫流动性好成,本低泡,沫性能符合冰箱及冰柜指标要求。     

Processing characteristics and mechanical properties of metallocene catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene foams for rotational molding

The object of this work is to assess the suitability of metallocene catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylenes for the rotational molding of foams and to link the material and processing conditions to cell morphology and part mechanical properties (flexural and compressive strength). Through adjustments to molding conditions, the significant processing and physical material parameters that optimize metallocene catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene foam structure have been identified. The results obtained from an equivalent conventional grade of Ziegler‐Natta catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene are used as a basis for comparison. The key findings of this study are that metallocene catalyzed LLDPE can be used in rotational foam molding to produce a foam that will perform as well as a Ziegler‐Natta catalyzed foam and that foam density is by far the most influential factor over mechanical properties of foam. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:638–647, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

发泡剂对RPVC木塑材料发泡性能影响

在考察了氧化锌(ZnO)对偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂分解温度影响的基础上,研究了AC发泡剂及辅助发泡剂碳酸氢钠(SBC)用量对材料发泡密度的影响。结果表明,发泡剂AC用量为1.0份(质量份,下同)、SBC为0.5份、ZnO为0.1份时,材料泡孔结构良好,密度较小。     

泡沫分离设备的研究进展

作为一种新型分离技术,泡沫分离技术具有设备简单、能耗低、易于操作、低浓度条件下效率高和无污染等优点,该技术在降低表面活性物质分离成本方面具有极大的潜力,在工业上得到了广泛的应用。本工作分析了近年来文献报道中应用于分离回收蛋白质、有机污染物、天然产物、金属离子、微藻等的各种泡沫分离设备,并结合泡沫分离技术的发展历程将其分为传统泡沫分离设备和改进泡沫分离设备。重点阐述了改进泡沫分离设备的作用机理和分离效果,突显泡沫分离技术的重要性。改进型泡沫分离设备在一定程度上提高了分离效果,但依然存在一些问题,如很多设备在提高富集比的同时也降低了回收率。     

Apparatus for investigating the burning and dripping of vertically oriented polyurethane foams

The burning and dripping behaviour of polyurethane (PU) foam is crucial for upholstered furniture fires due to the melting and dripping behaviour of the foam that results in a pool fire under the furniture, which enhances the combustion. The sample feeding vertical cone is developed to investigate the two-dimensional small-scale burning and dripping behaviour of vertically oriented PU foams where a constant irradiance is maintained at the exposed surface by means of automatic sample compensation. Seven different PU foams were investigated and classified as conventional foam or char-forming foam according to the observed surface phenomena during exposure to heat fluxes. The burning and dripping behaviour is found to depend on the foam density as well as the solid-phase char formation by the presence of fire retardant additives. The total mass loss rate and the dripping rate increase with higher foam density and with the presence of char formation. In contrary, the vaporisation rate is favoured at lower foam density and with the absence of char formation. Flexible foams of low density without the ability to form char tend to achieve low dripping rate where majority of the mass loss is via vaporisation, contributing directly to the gas-phase combustion.     

"原位成环"法制备高性能MAA/AN泡沫塑料的研究

通过“原位成环”法制备了一种低密度、高强度、高刚性和高耐热性的(甲基丙烯酸/丙烯腈)共聚物(MAA/AN)泡沫塑料。探讨了“原位成环”的机理,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪、热台偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热仪对MAA/AN及其泡沫塑料进行了表征,研究了MAA/AN泡沫塑料的力学性能和耐热性能。结果表明,在发泡和热处理过程中,MAA/AN发生了分子重排环化反应,最终生成的泡沫塑料分子链上具有六元酰亚胺环结构;可发泡MAA/AN的玻璃化转变温度较低,经热处理后泡沫塑料无明显的玻璃化转变;制备的MAA/AN泡沫塑料具有优异的力学性能和耐热性能。     

Improving the performance of fluoroprotein foam in extinguishing gasoline pool fires with addition of bromofluoropropene

The fluoroprotein foam is one of the most widely used fire suppressants for its low cost, low toxicity and biodegradability. However, its fire extinguishing performance is limited. In this article, fluoroprotein foam was combined with a clean and degradable fire suppressant of 2‐bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (BTP) to improve its fire extinguishing efficiency. Laboratory scale suppression experiments on gasoline pool fires were conducted in a 27 m³ confined space. An optimized volume flow ratio of air to foam solution was found out first to acquire fluoroprotein foam with best fire extinguishing efficiency; then varied amounts of BTP were added to the foam at the optimal flow ratio for performance examination. Results demonstrated: at the optimized volume flow ratio of air to foam solution of 9 and the volume flow ratio of BTP to foam solution of 3.75%, a superior fire extinguishing performance was achieved with the fire extinguishing time reduced by 43% in comparison to that without any BTP added. The fire suppression mechanism of the foam with BTP additive was discussed based on established fire suppression theories and experimental results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.