淬火速率对7055铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过常温力学性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)研究了淬火速率对7055铝合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,一定时效条件下,合金的力学性能随淬火速率降低而下降.组织观察发现,淬火速率小时,合金在冷却过程中于A l3Zr粒子和晶界非均匀形核析出粗大η平衡相,降低固溶体过饱和程度,削弱时效强化效果.时效时这些粗大η平衡相继续长大并在周围形成无沉淀析出带.晶界无沉淀析出带宽度随淬火速率降低而增大.对合金力学性能下降的原因进行了分析和探讨.     

Al-Ti-C和Al-Ti-B对7050铝合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS),结合拉伸力学性能与维氏硬度测试,研究了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂对含Zr的7050铝合金铸态、均匀化态以及时效变形态的微观组织演变规律、第二相析出行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在7050合金中,Zr元素会使Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C均发生细化"中毒现象",降低晶粒细化剂的细晶效果;与Al-Ti-1B相比,增大Al-Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂的添加量对于缓解"Zr中毒"现象,细化晶粒更有效,且能够提高合金强度与硬度,并使合金保持较好伸长率;同时,使用Al-5Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂的7050合金,其第二相的分布较使用Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂更加弥散、均匀。     

7050铝合金铸锭中Al_3Zr的析出情况对锻板性能的影响

本工作采用不同均匀化工艺和控制Zr的添加量等手段获得了不同Al_3Zr析出情况的7050铝合金铸锭,系统研究了Al_3Zr的分布情况对相同厚度的7050-T74锻板的拉伸性能以及断裂韧性的影响规律。结果表明,Al_3Zr弥散相分布越均匀、数量密度越高,对抑制合金再结晶的作用越强,获得的亚晶晶粒越细小均匀。同时Al_3Zr相的分布会影响锻件的时效效果,当Al_3Zr相越细小、分布越密集,材料中MgZn_2过渡相对应的峰时效时间会提前,采用相同的T74时效制度,相应锻板的过时效时间延长,导致其力学强度降低较多。     

微量Ge对7056铝合金组织和淬火敏感性的影响

通过力学拉伸、末端喷淋淬火实验,结合金相观察、硬度测试、电导率测试、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试分析方法,研究微量Ge元素对7056铝合金组织和淬火敏感性的影响。结果表明:添加微量Ge细化了合金晶粒,晶粒尺寸由137μm减小到114μm;添加微量Ge在晶界上形成了粗大的Mg_2Ge相,并抑制了T相的形成;与无Ge合金相比,添加Ge后无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度变窄,从190nm减小到90nm,同时晶界析出相尺寸减小;添加微量Ge显著降低了合金的淬火敏感性,合金淬透深度提高了约25%,这与慢速淬火时析出的η平衡相的数量和尺寸有关;Ge降低了合金中的空位浓度,η平衡相在缺陷处的非均匀形核及长大被抑制,时效后η′沉淀强化相数量增多,慢速冷却时合金强度下降程度减小,合金淬透性提高。     

抗Zr“中毒”Al-Ti-B-C中间合金对7050铝合金力学性能的影响

通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),能量色谱仪(EDS)分析Al-5Ti-1B,Al-4Ti-1C和Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金的微观组织与物相组成,比较研究3种中间合金对7050铝合金晶粒尺寸与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Zr的存在削弱了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-4Ti-1C中间合金的细化效果,而对Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金细化效果影响较小。含掺杂型TiC粒子的Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金具有较好的抗Zr"中毒"能力,加入量为0.2%(质量分数,下同)时,含Zr7050铝合金平均晶粒尺寸由200μm细化至(60±5)μm,室温极限抗拉强度由405MPa提高到515MPa,提高了27.2%,伸长率由2.1%提高到4.1%。而加入0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B或Al-4Ti-1C中间合金时晶粒尺寸较粗大且分布不均匀,表现出明显的细化"中毒"。     

添加Sc对7055铝合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

研究了添加Sc元素对7055铝合金铸造、均匀化处理、轧制和固溶时效过程的微观结构演化以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,向7055溶液中添加质量分数为0.25%的Sc导致在铸造过程中形成初生Al3(Sc,Zr)相。这个相能促使合金发生非均质形核,显著细化合金的铸造组织。在7055-Sc铝合金的均匀化处理过程中析出高密度纳米Al3(Sc,Zr)相,不但能抑制晶粒粗化,而且在后期轧制变形和固溶时效处理过程中还起钉扎晶界、抑制回复与再结晶、保留纤维组织的作用。与7055铝合金相比,7055-Sc铝合金的晶粒尺寸更小,因此具有更有效的细晶强化效应。添加Sc的时效处理态7055铝合金的最大抗拉强度和显微硬度,分别提高到642 MPa和218 HV。     

回归再时效中预时效温度对7050铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸、透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法,研究了回归再时效热处理工艺中预时效温度对7050铝合金微观组织和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着预时效温度升高,回归再时效后7050铝合金晶内析出相从以GP区为主转变为以η′相为主,晶界析出相逐渐粗化,晶界变得不连续分布,合金应力腐蚀敏感性降低;但晶界无沉淀析出带宽度增加,120℃时达到140nm,易导致应力集中和阳极溶解,合金抗应力腐蚀性能下降。预时效温度为80℃,即稍微欠时效时,7050铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能较好,在缓慢应变速率(10-6s-1)和3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀介质下,合金抗拉强度为473.5MPa,伸长率为10.67%,应力腐蚀指数为0.05824。     

热轧对7055铝合金淬透性的影响

为研究热轧对7055铝合金淬透性的影响,采用末端淬火实验、硬度测试、光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了不同冷却速率处合金的组织和性能.实验结果表明:合金热轧后淬透性大大降低,淬透深度由约100 mm降至约45 mm,这主要与慢速淬火时析出的η平衡相的数量和尺寸的改变有关;热轧增加了η平衡相的形核位置,并引入大量的位错,增加了η平衡相的长大速率.因此,热轧合金固溶后慢速淬火时,析出的η平衡相的数量和尺寸都大大增加,时效后形成的η’沉淀强化相数量减少,硬度随冷却速率减小而下降的程度增加,合金的淬透性降低.     

非等温回归再时效对7050铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、硬度测试和拉伸测试研究了非等温回归再时效对7050合金组织和力学性能的影响。非等温回归处理的加热速率为5℃/min,回归终了温度包括160℃、190℃、220℃、260℃和300℃。结果表明:经120℃/24 h+RT■190℃+120℃/24 h的非等温回归再时效处理后,合金的力学性能最佳,其抗拉强度约为588 MPa,屈服强度约为558 MPa,延伸率约为23%,硬度值约为199HV。预时效态合金晶界平衡相η呈不连续分布,其尺寸约为49～70 nm,晶内析出相η'的平均尺寸约为5～6 nm;在190℃的非等温回归处理过程中,预时效态合金中的析出相发生了部分回溶,相的平均尺寸变小,其晶界相和晶内相的尺寸分别约为5～10 nm和3～6 nm,回归态合金晶界呈多列平行且无沉淀析出带(PFZ)不明显;再时效态合金的晶界相尺寸最大,约为91～108 nm,晶内相弥散,尺寸约为4～10 nm,无沉淀析出带变得明显,其宽度约为41 nm。     

自然时效对Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的影响

采用透射电镜（TEM）和维氏硬度计详细研究淬火后与人工时效前的时间间隔（自然时效）对Al-Li-Cu-Mg合金的影响。研究发现,通过在人工时效前引入自然时效可以提高Al-2.4Li-1.16Cu-0.8Mg-0.1Zr(wt%）合金的硬度。合金硬度的增加主要来自于S相数量的增加和分布更均匀,在人工时效前引入自然时效对δ‘相的尺寸和分布没有影响,长时间的自然时效对合金的影响不大。     

液体轧制Al─Si合金薄带的强韧化

液体轧制是将快速凝固技术引入连续铸轧中形成的一种新的加工方法研究结果表明，液体轧制Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金薄带的强度较未变质铸态的提高３９％，塑性指标亦明显提高．这是由于液体轧制过程中液体处于快速流动状态和一定压力双重作用下快速结晶凝固成形，从而改变了Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金薄带的显微组织，尤其是Ｓｉ相的形态、尺寸及其分布状态，使薄带获得了明显的强韧化效果．     

SiC对ML174铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

目的 改善ML174铝合金组织,提高其力学性能.方法 通过向ML174铝合金中添加不同质量分数的SiC,研究其对合金组织和性能的影响.结果 SiC在ML174铝合金中为形貌不规则的多边形,多存在于Si相附近,且有少量团聚现象.SiC粒子的质量分数为1.0％时,ML174铝合金组织得到细化的效果最佳,共晶硅由较宽的条带状...     

Effect of tellurium on machinability and mechanical property of CuAlMnZn shape memory alloy

The microstructure transition, shape memory effect, machinability and mechanical property of the CuAlMnZn alloy with and without Te have been studied using X-ray diffraction analysis, chips observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength test and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and semi-quantitative shape memory effect (SME) test. The particles with richer Te dispersedly distributed in grain interior and boundary with size of 2-5 μm. After the addition of Te, the CuAlMnZnTe alloy machinability has been effectively increased to approach that of BZn15-24-1.5 and its shape memory property remains the same as the one of CuAlMnZn alloy. The CuAlMnZn shape memory alloys with and without Te both have good ductility as annealed at 700 °C for 15 min.     

Direct chill rheocasting (DCRC) of AZ31 Mg alloy

Abstract

A new processing technology, direct chill rheocasting (DCRC), has recently been developed by BCAST at Brunel University, for production of high quality Mg alloy billets and slabs. In the present paper the authors present the DCRC process and experimental results on microstructure and mechanical properties of DCRC billets. Basically, the DCRC process consists of a high quality semisolid slurry supply system, continuously feeding a conventional direct chill caster, to produce billets or slabs. Experimental results show that the DCRC billets have a fine and uniform microstructure throughout the cross section, the average grain size being ～50 μm. Direct extrusion of the DCRC billets was conducted to assess the deformability and mechanical properties after extrusion. The average grain size is <3 μm in the as extruded state. The increased deformability of the DCRC billets has been attributed to the fine and uniform microstructure, while the improved mechanical properties of the extruded product is attributed to the fine grain size.     

Microstructures and shape memory characteristics of a nanostructured Ti-50.0Ni(at%) alloy

Nanostructured Ti-Ni alloys were prepared by cold working followed by annealing, and then their shape memory characteristics and superelasticity were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal cycling tests under constant load and tensile tests. Morphology of amorphous phases induced by cold working depended largely on the amount of cold working. They had domain like shape in the 40% cold rolled alloy, while had mainly wide band shape in the 70% cold rolled alloy. In 40% cold rolled alloy, the average grain size increased from 27 nm to 80 nm with increasing annealing temperature from 573 K to 673 K. Transformation elongation increases with raising annealing temperature, which was ascribed to the increase in grain size reducing the constraints of grain boundaries. Transformation hysteresis increased rapidly with raising annealing temperature up to 623 K, above which they almost keep constant, which was ascribed to the small grain size and large constraints of grain boundaries.     

Annealing Effect on Mechanical Properties of Ti51Ni13Pd36 High Temperature Memory Alloy

1. IntroductionIt is well known that among shape memory alloys(SMAs) TiNt alloy is the most useful SMAs becauseof its unique combination of excellellt shape memorycharacteristics and sufficient strength and ductility.In some of practical applications, in which the requirement on high temperature transformation feature isto be met, the TiNt alloys are licited by ajlowingtemperatures not higher than 373 K, at which thethermoelastic martellsitic transformation occtirs. Atpresent, there is a s…     

多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金的制备及磁学特性研究

首先采用球磨法制备了不同粒度的Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金粉末,然后通过3D打印技术成功制备了泡沫结构的多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金。利用SEM、DSC和XRD等研究了合金的微观组织特征、物相结构、相变特性和相关的磁性行为。结果表明,球磨后经过分筛得到的不同粒径尺寸的合金粉末均为不规则形状。Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金粉末在室温下为非调制四方马氏体结构,其特征峰十分明显。Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金的DSC曲线上出现宽峰相变,添加Co元素对马氏体转变温度开始值(Ms)基本没有影响,但其居里温度(Tc)有显著的提高。采用粒径为50~100μm的合金粉末烧结制备的磁性合金,饱和磁化强度最大可达68 Am^2/kg。合金粉末粒径越小,烧结制备的多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金致密度越高。当合金粉末粒径<50μm时,致密度可达90%;当合金粉末粒径为50~100μm时,致密度仅为75%。相较于粒径较小的合金粉末,粒径较大的合金粉末制备的磁性合金磁感生应变能力更高,这是由于泡沫结构能够有效减少内部和外部的约束,从而有利于提高磁场诱导应变。     

Enhanced superelasticity of Cu‒Al‒Ni shape memory alloys with strong orientation prepared by horizontal continuous casting

The preparation of large-scale Cu‒Al‒Ni shape memory alloys with excellent microstructure and texture is a significant challenge in this field. In this study, large-scale Cu‒Al‒Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) slabs with good surface quality and strong orientation were prepared by the horizontal continuous casting (HCC). The microstructure and mechanical properties were compared with the ordinary casting (OC) Cu‒Al‒Ni alloy. The results showed that the microstructure of OC Cu‒Al‒Ni alloy was equiaxed grains with randomly orientation, which had no obvious superelasticity. The alloys produced by HCC had herringbone grains with strong orientation near〈1 0 0〉and the cumulative tensile superelasticity of 4.58%. The superelasticity of the alloy produced by HCC has been improved by 4‒5 times. This work has preliminarily realized the production of large-scale Cu‒Al‒Ni SMA slab with good superelasticity, which lays a foundation for expanding the industrial production and application of Cu-based SMAs.     

Thermal stability of a nanostructured aluminium alloy

The microstructural changes taking place in a hydrostatically extrusion-processed nanostructured aluminium alloy during annealing were evaluated quantitatively, by measuring the size and shape of the grains. It was found that the grain size is stable up to an annealing temperature of 300 °C. Within this temperature range, the microstructural evolution proceeds through the annihilation of dislocations in the interior of the grains. At higher annealing temperatures, the recovered grains begin to grow and the microstructure becomes more homogeneous in terms of the grain size. The possibilities of an improvement of alloy thermal stability are discussed.     

小角X射线散射技术在材料研究中的应用

小角X射线散射(SAXS)是一种有效的材料亚微观结构表征手段。简单介绍了小角X射线散射理论,并综述了小角X射线散射技术在材料研究中的应用,内容涉及纳米颗粒尺寸测量,合金中的空位浓度、合金中的析出相尺寸以及非晶合金中的晶化析出相的尺寸测量,高分子材料中胶粒的形状、粒度以及粒度分布测量,以及高分子长周期体系中片晶的取向、厚度、结晶百分数和非晶层厚度的测量等等。