涤纶纤维筒子染色过程中白色粉末性质的探讨

 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、核磁共振氢谱分析、热分析、凝胶色谱分析等现代分析技术手段,结合传统的溶解实验,对涤纶筒子纱染色染色过程中出现的“白色粉末”的化学组成、空间结构、结晶性能等进行系统研究。溶解实验结果表明,该“白色粉末”可溶于三氯甲烷,而不溶于四氯化碳和乙醚。热分析实验结果表明,该“白色粉末”的熔融温度在319℃附近,而非普通聚酯PET的265℃附近。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和核磁共振氢谱分析结果进一步推断,该“白色粉末”的主要成分是三元环结构聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的低聚物。     

涤纶筒子纱染色中白色杂质的定量分析方法探讨

重点针对涤纶筒子纱染色中"白色粉末"主要成分进行了定量分析研究,通过应用萃取、红外光谱对比等方法分析了各"白色粉末"样品中每种组分的含量,发现"白色粉末"主要组分为低聚物、纺丝油剂和其他杂质,其中低聚物含量最多,达到82%～92%;其次为油剂,含量达3.7%～12.5%。探索出的检测方法,适用于从事涤纶染色的生产企业简便、准确地对筒子纱染色中"白色粉末"进行定量分析,指导生产。     

板蓝根颗粒质量控制方法的研究

用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)结合核磁共振氢谱(IH-NMR)研究了传统中成药板蓝根颗粒的质量控制方法.对其所含主要成分进行了测试与研究,定量分析了其蔗糖的含量,并对不同厂家板蓝根颗粒的甲醇和无水乙醇提取物红外谱图进行了光谱特征的分析.结果表明:醇提可以有效减少板蓝根颗粒中蔗糖等辅料的干扰,使原料的红外谱图特征明显;通过比较不同厂家板蓝根颗粒醇提物红外谱图与板蓝根水提物红外谱图的相似度,可以客观反映板蓝根颗粒的质量;不同厂家的板蓝根颗粒蔗糖含量差异是明显的.因此红外光谱技术结合溶剂提取分析板蓝根颗粒的光谱特征,能够更有效与直硬.反应出不同生产厂家产品质量的差别.     

山东昌乐蓝宝石砂矿中磁铁矿的宝石矿物学特征研究

采用常规宝石学鉴定方法、反光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等测试方法,对山东昌乐蓝宝石砂矿中的一种副矿物样品进行了常规的宝石学、矿物学、谱学特征研究。肉眼观察,这种副矿物样品呈黑色、不透明,具有强磁性,摩氏硬度大于小刀。在反光显微镜下,该样品为钢灰色,呈现不透明的四边形颗粒状。X射线粉末衍射及电子探针成分分析的结果表明,该副矿物样品为富含Ti的磁铁矿,其晶体结构中类质同象替代广泛,但未见对人体有害的微量元素。该样品的红外光谱与磁铁矿的标准红外光谱基本一致。     

一种仿绿松石材料的宝石学特征

采用宝石显微镜、偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪等测试方法对近期湖北市场出现的一种仿绿松石材料进行了常规宝石学、矿物学、谱学特征研究。结果表明,该类仿绿松石材料的主要成分为重晶石粉末,样品相对密度为2.83~3.08,隐晶质,不规则断口,用小刀刻划可产生划痕,与盐酸不反应,该仿绿松石材料与天然绿松石的外观相似,但成分结构差异较大。结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射与红外光谱、拉曼光谱测试结果,仿绿松石样品可能为重晶石粉末与有机物固化而成,利用红外光谱与拉曼光谱测试技术能快速有效的无损鉴别出天然绿松石与该仿制品。     

疏水改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的合成与表征

以羟基氟硅聚合物(FGX)为改性剂,与对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯低聚物(BHET)缩聚,合成疏水改性共聚酯(MPET).通过对接触角的测定,分析MPET表面性能与合成工艺路线、改性剂黏度及改性剂加入量的关系.同时,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)及热分析对MPET结构进行分析和讨论.FT-IR和1...     

傅里叶变换红外光谱分析6种不同陈化时间六堡茶

对不同陈化时间六堡茶茶叶粉末和提取物进行傅里叶红外光谱分析,考察陈化时间与红外光谱特征关系。结果表明:六堡茶陈化时间不同,其红外光谱不同;茶叶粉末与提取物的红外光谱差异较大;除了共同红外光谱特征,还具有因陈化时间变化引起成分差异的特征红外光谱;同一厂家不同陈化时间的六堡茶样品根据红外光谱的峰数、波数、峰形、相对强度及二阶导数谱的差异考察存在差异。利用傅里叶红外光谱法分析六堡茶,该方法快速、简便、直观,茶叶无需特殊处理,对同一厂家不同陈化时间六堡茶的分析鉴别有一定作用。     

再生丝素蛋白粉末的制备及性能

将自制的丝素蛋白溶液进行再生,经烘干研磨制得再生丝素蛋白粉末,并通过回潮率、扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析等对再生丝素蛋白粉末的吸湿性、微观形态、吸收峰以及热学性能等进行测试。结果表明:再生丝素蛋白粉末的吸湿性略有提升,但粉末颗粒形状、大小不同,且表面不够光滑;红外光谱吸收峰的峰形与蚕丝纤维基本一致,结构接近β-折叠构象;测得再生丝素蛋白粉末的失重率约为74%,热转变温度在290℃左右。     

一种翡翠的仿制品透辉石微晶玻璃的宝石学特征

针对市场上出现的一种外观酷似翡翠的透辉石微晶玻璃,利用常规宝石学检测仪器、X射线粉末衍射和红外光谱等测试方法,对该材料样品的宝石学特征、物相组成及谱学特征进行了初步研究.结果显示,在宝石显微镜下透辉石微晶玻璃显示特征的放射状晶花,具球晶结构;X射线粉末衍射分析表明,其主要物相为透辉石和玻璃质;红外光谱分析显示,该样品的谱学特征与翡翠的红外光谱有较大的差异.     

葡萄糖基(α-1→6)β–环糊精的波谱学数据与结构确证

对酶法合成的葡萄糖基(α-1→6)β–环糊精的红外(IR)光谱、质谱(MS)、氢谱(1H-NMR)、碳谱(13C-NMR)、氢氢相关谱(1H-1H COSY)、氢氢完全相关谱(1H-1H TCOSY)、异核单量子相干相关谱(HSQC)和异核多键相关谱(HMBC)进行了解析报道,对所有的1H-NMR 和13C-NMR谱进行了归属,讨论了红外特征吸收峰所对应的官能团的振动形式.     

Investigation on filtration properties of polyester needle-punched dust filter

Abstract

In nonwoven filter fabrics, virgin polyester fibre is mostly used. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the use of virgin polyester fibre and recycled polyester fibre which is obtained after recycling of post-consumer bottle flakes to reduce the cost of filter fabric. The study is concerned to examine the effect of fabric GSM (grams/m²), needling density and depth of needle penetration on filtration efficiency and also to see the suitability of recycled polyester fibre in place of virgin polyester fibre. The study has shown that the increase in fabric weight resulted in increase in the filtration efficiency percentage. The increase in the depth of needle penetration resulted in increase in the extent of filtration efficiency initially; subsequently, it decreased. Similar trends were observed in case of both recycled polyester filter fabrics and virgin polyester filter fabrics. Though the filtration efficiency of filter fabrics prepared from virgin polyester fibre was slightly higher, the filtration efficiency of fabrics prepared from recycled polyester fibre was lower by only 2 to 3 per cent due to close difference in values of molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PDI). Therefore, looking to the filtration efficiency percentage, it may be suggested that recycled polyester fibre can be used in place of virgin polyester fibre for the manufacturing of needle-punched nonwoven filter fabrics.     

Dissolution of fir powder and its graft copolymer in ionic liquid

Ionic liquid of 1-(2-hydroxylethyl)-3-ethyl imidazolium chloride ([HeEIM]Cl) was synthesized and its chemical structure was examined by FTIR and ¹HNMR. Dissolution of the fir powder which was activated with 25% NaOH under different conditions in the ionic liquid was studied. Acrylamide (AM) was grafted onto the dissolved fir powder in [HeEIM]Cl and aqueous medium, respectively. Technologic conditions for graft copolymerization were optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the ionic liquid exhibited good solubility for the fir powder, the dissolution rate was as high as 18.3%. The graft copolymer prepared in [HeEIM]Cl had higher grafting degree and grafting efficiency than in aqueous medium. The most suitable conditions for graft copolymerization were: mass fraction of AM 25%, fluid ratio of [HeEIM]Cl to wood 30:1, and mass proportion of wood to AM 1:4. FTIR and SEM suggested that AM had been grafted onto the fir powder. XRD and TG indicated that the crystalline structure of the wood fiber had been destroyed thoroughly after being grafted, and the thermal stability of graft copolymer had been improved.     

抗紫外水性聚氨酯施胶剂的制备及应用

以自制2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)为水性聚氨酯抗紫外改性剂,合成了一系列具有紫外吸收特性的水性聚氨酯乳液(UVWPU)。采用核磁氢谱、红外光谱、动态光散射粒径分析、紫外光谱等对改性后的水性聚氨酯进行结构表征和性能测试。将UVWPU应用于纸张表面施胶,探讨了UVWPU对纸张表面施胶性能的影响。核磁氢谱、红外光谱分析表明UV-531已成功制备并引入到UVWPU分子链上;当UV-531用量为2.0%时,UVWPU平均粒径为54.89nm,紫外吸光度为0.48,与纯水性聚氨酯乳液相比提升了585.7%。当UV-531用量为1.0%时,纸张的抗张指数及耐折度最好,分别为50.7N·m/g和76次,相比于原纸分别提高67.9%和61次,白度损失降低9.16%。     

Waterproof and moisture permeable coating of polyester fabrics using a novel waterborne polyurethane agent modified with silk fibroin and polyvinylpyrrolidone

A novel waterproof and moisture-permeable coating agent was prepared by modifying a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) agent with silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the PVP/SF/WPU blended agent was applied in polyester fabric coating to achieve a desirable waterproof and breathable effect. The PVP/SF/WPU film prepared by the novel coating agent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, and the moisture permeability and water repellency of the PVP/SF/WPU coated polyester fabrics were evaluated. The results showed that the thermostability of the blended film was increased compared to the single WPU film, and the compatibility of SF and polyurethane was improved with adding PVP component; the moisture permeability and waterproof of the PVP/SF/WPU coated polyester fabrics were improved significantly. The optimized recipe of the PVP/SF/WPU-coating agent was as follows: 10 wt.%SF (with particle size of 5 μm), 4 wt.% PVP, 4 wt.% cross-linking agent TF694A, and 2 wt.% Thickener TF601. The water vapor transmission rate and hydrostatic pressure value of the PVP/SF/WPU coated polyester fabric reached 5,031 g/ (m² 24 h) and 493 mm H₂O, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the coated fabric were not considerably affected.     

Optimisation of spray drying process parameters for low‐fat honey‐based milk powder with antioxidant activity

The purpose of this study was to optimise process parameters to prepare spray‐dried honey‐based milk powder containing functional properties of honey. Experimental design with temperature (180 to 200 °C), honey concentration (5–15%) and feed flow rate (8–10 rpm) as independent variables was studied to investigate the effect on product responses. Results showed that increasing the temperature resulted in powder with lower moisture, bulk density, antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and higher water solubility index. Increasing feed flow rate resulted in higher moisture, bulk density, antioxidant activity, reduced water solubility index, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, whereas increasing honey concentration resulted in increase in antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The moisture content, bulk density, water solubility index, DPPH scavenging activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 3.27%, 0.44 g cc^?1, 96.67 g g^?1, 17.45%, 2.54 GAE g^?1 powder and 1.40 RE g^?1 powder, respectively.     

喷雾冷冻干燥对鸡蛋清蛋白结构和特性的影响

为了探究喷雾冷冻干燥(Spray freeze drying,SFD)对鸡蛋清蛋白结构及功能特性的影响,将其与喷雾干燥(Spray drying,SD)蛋清粉进行对比,并通过质构仪、差示扫描量热(D S C)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)等对其结构及特性进行测定。结果表明:SFD粉的变性温度比SD粉低了15.7℃,表面巯基含量低42.40%;SFD粉的α-螺旋和β-折叠结构比例大,分子结构更有序,蛋白聚集程度小,从而使其乳化特性得到改善;SEM分析表明,SFD粉呈大孔隙颗粒网络结构,溶解度增大。两种蛋清粉溶解度随pH的升高均呈先下降后上升的趋势,SFD粉溶解性和乳化性明显高于SD粉(P<0.05),凝肢硬度和束缚水含量显著低于S D粉(P<0.05),保水性差,两者的起泡性无显著差异。综上所述:与SD粉蛋白相比,SFD粉蛋白在结构和部分功能特性方面发生了显著变化,尤其在溶解度和乳化特性方面更具优势。     

废纺再生毡基材料的制备及其性能

为减少废旧纺织品对环境造成的污染,提高废旧纺织品的回收利用率,实现资源利用的最大化,以废旧纺织品经机械处理后得到的回收涤纶、回收麻纤维及低熔点涤纶短纤为原料,采用梳理成网与热风黏合联合工艺,制备再生毡基材料,然后通过正交试验进行工艺优化,并对其厚度、面密度、蓬松度、力学性能、保温性和透气性进行分析,得到最佳制备工艺：回收麻纤维、回收涤纶和低熔点涤纶短纤质量比为15:40:45,温度为180 ℃,时间为8 min,压力为200 N。结果表明：再生毡基材料的厚度为7~10 mm,面密度为300~450 g/m2 ,蓬松度为15~30 cm3/g,透气率为900~1100 mm/s;该再生毡基材料可用于汽车内饰和其他功能性材料的基材。     

Solubility of commercial milk protein concentrates and milk protein isolates

High-protein milk protein concentrate (MPC) and milk protein isolate (MPI) powders may have lower solubility than low-protein MPC powders, but information is limited on MPC solubility. Our objectives in this study were to (1) characterize the solubility of commercially available powder types with differing protein contents such as MPC40, MPC80, and MPI obtained from various manufacturers (sources), and (2) determine if such differences could be associated with differences in mineral, protein composition, and conformational changes of the powders. To examine possible predictors of solubility as measured by percent suspension stability (%SS), mineral analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and quantitative protein analysis by HPLC was performed. After accounting for overall differences between powder types, %SS was found to be strongly associated with the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and sodium content of the powders. The FTIR score plots were in agreement with %SS results. A principal component analysis of FTIR spectra clustered the highly soluble MPC40 separately from the rest of samples. Furthermore, 2 highly soluble MPI samples were clustered separately from the rest of the MPC80 and MPI samples. We found that the 900 to 1,200 cm⁻¹ region exhibited the highest discriminating power, with dominant bands at 1,173 and 968 cm⁻¹, associated with phosphate vibrations. The 2 highly soluble MPI powders were observed to have lower κ-casein and α-_S1-casein contents and slightly higher whey protein contents than the other powders. The differences in the solubility of MPC and MPI were associated with a difference in mineral composition, which may be attributed to differences in processing conditions. Additional studies on the role of minerals composition on MPC80 solubility are warranted. Such a study would provide a greater understanding of factors associated with differences in solubility and can provide insight on methods to improve solubility of high-protein milk protein concentrates.     

印染厂碱减量废水回收处理

介绍利用浓硫酸处理碱减量废水的方法。通过分析涤纶织物碱减量废水污染物组分,用硫酸中和 废水中的残余烧碱,然后使聚酯水解物钠盐变成酸式结构,且水溶性下降而析出,并与低聚物一起沉淀,经压 滤后排出清水,大幅度降低COD值,且得到可再利用的白色废渣。     

涤纶增强混凝土的性能研究

采用涤纶工业丝和相应的废弃的涤纶工业丝作混凝土的增强纤维,分别选择纤维的长度为20、30 mm和纤维的掺量为0.5、1.0、1.5 kg/m3,按国标要求制作试样并进行标准养护后,对增强混凝土的抗裂性能、抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能和弹性模量进行测试和分析,结果表明纤维增强混凝土的上述力学性能均有所改善,试样受力破坏后不碎裂;并且随着纤维长度和掺量的增加,抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度提高;回收涤纶与新涤纶的情况大体类似,这给废弃涤纶的回收再利用和节约资源、保护环境提供了途径。不论是涤纶还是回收涤纶,长度为30 mm、掺量为1.5 kg/m3的试样表现出最优的力学性能。