用NaCl对含镓钒渣进行氯化焙烧提取镓时气相氧分压的影响

通过Ｖ－Ｇａ－Ｃｌ－Ｏ系优势区图、气相平衡组成计算和实验室研究，对用ＮａＣｌ与含镓钒渣混合焙烧提取镓时，气相氧分压产生的影响进行了分析讨论。１１２３Ｋ下Ｖ－Ｇａ－Ｃｌ－Ｏ体系的优势区图表明，在焙烧时应控制维持一定的气相氧分压，以使钒查中ＦｅＶ２Ｏ４氧化并与ＮａＣｌ作用生成水溶性钒酸钠，同时释放出氯气化钒渣中的Ｇａ２Ｏ３。在对钒渣用ＮａＣｌ进行焙烧实验时发现，当气相ｐｏ２低于０．００５ＭＰａ时Ｇａ２     

钠化焙烧钒渣时氯化挥发镓的实验研究

本研究在２００～１０００℃范围内对单独加ＮａＣｌ以及同时添加ＮａＣＯ３和ＮａＣｌ焙烧钒渣时镓的氯化挥发规律进行了探索。只添加ＮａＣｌ与钒渣混合焙烧，镓挥发率（ηＧａ）随ＮａＣｌ添加量增加而提高，但提高趋势不大，且钒转化为水溶性的比率很小。同时添加Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和ＮａＣ１与钒渣混合焙烧，在配料比Ｗ钒渣／（ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３＋ＷＮａＣｌ）＝８／２，ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３／ＷＮａＣｌ＝２时，８００℃下焙烧１小时，钒转     

钠化焙钒渣同时加碳氯化挥发镓的研究

考察了低温４００℃和中国温８００℃条件下，添加活性碳及液体含碳物纸浆与钒渣、ＮａＣｌ和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３混合焙烧时氯化挥发镓及钒转化为水溶性钒的情况。本实验得到的最高ηＧａ为３５．１％。焙烧料中不含Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和焙烧温度为４００℃时，钒转化为水溶性钒的比率（ηｖ．ｔ）较低。纸浆添加比Ｌ纸浆为０．０５ｍＬ／ｇ、配料比ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３／ｗＮａＣｌ＝２时，可望同时得到较高的ηＧａ和ηｖ．ｔ。     

用NaCl对含镓钒渣进行氯化焙烧提取镓的研究

将含镓钒渣与ＮａＣｌ和碳粉混合，在５００～１３００℃下进行氯化焙烧实验以提取钒渣中的镓。实验结果表明，焙烧温度对Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化反应有显著的影响，Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化率随焙烧温度和ＮａＣｌ用量的增加而提高。在１２００℃、ＮａＣｌ和碳粉用量分别为２０％和５％条件下，对含镓钒渣进行了焙烧，钒渣中Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化率在７０％以上。     

高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V2的脱磷试验

在３０ｋｇ感应炉上用ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ（ＭｏＯ３）渣、ＭｏＣｌ６粉剂和Ａｌ－Ｃａ合金作脱磷剂对高速钢Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２进行脱磷试验。结果表明，ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ渣的脱磷效果最好，一般脱磷率可达２６％￣５６％。     

Na2O—CrO3—Al2O3—H2O四元水盐体系高碱区相图

在２５℃和８０℃温度下研究了Ｎａ２Ｏ浓度大于４１０ｇ／Ｌ时的Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｈ２Ｏ四元体系高碱区相图，发现在高碱区范围内，Ｎａ２Ｏ，ＣｒＯ３和Ａｌ２Ｏ３没有复盐生成，且液相线的位置随温度的变化较大。     

复合脱硫剂中钙的物相分析

利用脱硫剂试样与水反应生产的乙炔通过氧燃烧，生成的ＣＯ２用碱石棉吸收，重量法测定碳量，计算ＣａＣ２含量；用丙三醇－乙二醇－蔗糖－水混合浸取剂浸取游离ＣａＯ和ＣａＣ２，用ＥＧ－ＴＡ在ｐＨ大于１２时测定ＣａＯ和ＣａＣ２合量，将合量减去ＣａＣ２量计算游离ＣａＯ含量；浸取后残渣用乙酸浸取ＣａＣＯ３，用ＥＧＴＡ络合滴定法测定钙量计算出ＣａＣＯ３含量；最后的残渣用硫酸－盐酸－硼酸－水浸取分析ＣａＦ２。     

高速连铸保护渣的粘性特征

采用ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＣａＦ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度、凝固温度和粘性活化能,研究了连铸保护渣的粘性特征与碱度、ＮａＣＯ３含量、ＣａＦ２含量、Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量和ＭｇＯ含量之间的关系。利用连铸保护渣的粘性特征与化学成分之间的回归方程,可以设计满足一定粘性特征的连铸保护渣。     

从含镓浸钒渣中浸出镓的试验研究

本研究作为含镓红热钒渣吹氧氧化后，同时压煮浸出钒和镓的基础研究，采用正交试验设计法，对已提取过钒的浸钒渣进行了碱浸实验。结果表明，渣中镓可以被浸出，镓浸出率（ηＧａ）主要随浸液浓度和浸出温度的变化而改变；浸出液碱（ＮａＯＨ）水质量比为０．２７１、浸出温度为４５７Ｋ左右时ηＧａ最大，为６５％左右。为减少浸液中铁硅的含量，并能够同时浸出钒和镓，应提高碱浓度，控制合适的保温时间，浸出温度以４７５Ｋ为宜。     

淅川钒矿以NaCl和MnO2为添加剂的钠化焙烧过程研究

通过正交试验法研究了淅川钒矿以ＮａＣｌ和ＭｎＯ＿２为添加剂的钠化焙烧过程。得出了ＮａＣｌ添加量８％～１０％，ＭｎＯ＿２添加量１．４％、焙烧温度８００℃、焙烧时间３ｈ的最佳焙烧工艺条件。在该条件下钒的焙烧转浸率为７９％～８０％（酸浸）。还通过差热热重分析研究了该矿在钠化焙烧过程中的热学性质及ＭｎＯ＿２对ＮａＣｌ分解速率的影响。结果表明，在钒矿钠化焙烧过程中添加ＭｎＯ＿２能加速ＮａＣｌ分解，改善体系的焙烧性能。     

罗丹明B 正丙醇 氯化钠体系析相萃取分离和富集镓

研究了罗丹明B 正丙醇 氯化钠析相萃取镓的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明, 氯化钠能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,GaCl4 与罗丹明B(RhB)生成的缔合物［GaCl4-］［RhB+］能被正丙醇相完全萃取。当溶液中罗丹明B、氯化钠和正丙醇的浓度分别为04 g/L、02 g/ mL和30 %（V/V）,且盐酸浓度为００５~1 mol/L时,GaCl4-的萃取率达到977%以上,而Fe2+、Co2+、Mg2+、Ag+、Cu2+、Ru3+、Ni2+和Cr3+基本不被萃取,实现了Ga3+与上述金属离子的分离。     

cAMP-activated apical membrane chloride channels in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Conductance, selectivity, and block

Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in Necturus gallbladder epithelium (NGB) induces an apical membrane Cl- conductance (GaCl). Its characteristics (i.e., magnitude, anion selectivity, and block) were studied with intracellular microelectrode techniques. Under control conditions, the apical membrane conductance (Ga) was 0.17 mS.cm-2, primarily ascribable to GaK. With elevation of cell cAMP to maximum levels, Ga increased to 6.7 mS.cm-2 and became anion selective, with the permeability sequence SCN- > NO3- > I- > Br- > Cl- > SO4(2-) approximately gluconate approximately cyclamate. GaCl was not affected by the putative Cl- channel blockers Cu2+, DIDS, DNDS, DPC, furosemide, IAA-94, MK-196, NPPB, SITS, verapamil, and glibenclamide. To characterize the cAMP-activated Cl- channels, patch-clamp studies were conducted on the apical membrane of enzyme-treated gallbladders or on dissociated cells from tissues exposed to both theophylline and forskolin. Two kinds of Cl- channels were found. With approximately 100 mM Cl- in both bath and pipette, the most frequent channel had a linear current-voltage relationship with a slope conductance of approximately 10 pS. The less frequent channel was outward rectifying with slope conductances of approximately 10 and 20 pS at -40 and 40 mV, respectively. The Cl- channels colocalized with apical maxi-K+ channels in 70% of the patches. The open probability (Po) of both kinds of Cl- channels was variable from patch to patch (0.3 on average) and insensitive to [Ca2+], membrane voltage, and pH. The channel density (approximately 0.3/patch) was one to two orders of magnitude less than that required to account for GaCl. However, addition of 250 U/ml protein kinase A plus 1 mM ATP to the cytosolic side of excised patches increased the density of the linear 10-pS Cl- channels more than 10-fold to four per patch and the mean Po to 0.5, close to expectations from GaCl. The permeability sequence and blocker insensitivity of the PKA-activated channels were identical to those of the apical membrane. These data strongly suggest that 10-pS Cl- channels are responsible for the cAMP-induced increase in apical membrane conductance of NGB epithelium.     

双钙钛矿化合物Sr2Mn1-xGaxMoO6（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）的晶体结构与磁性

用非磁性Ga3+部分替代Sr2MnMoO6中的Mn2+,获得Sr2Mn1-xGaxMoO6(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)多晶样品,通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析和磁性能测量研究Ga3+对晶体结构和磁性的影响。XRD谱Rietveld结构精修分析表明,Sr2Ga1-xMnxMoO6具有四方对称晶体结构(空间群I4/m)。随着Ga含量增加,B/B-原子占位有序度降低,平均键长减小,而平均键长增大,平均键角保持180o不变,平均键角逐渐扩张。5 K及300 K温度下,样品均为反铁磁体,但低掺杂样品在低温(5 K)下表现出微弱的铁磁性。上述结果表明,Ga3+对Mn2+的电子掺杂引起部分Mo离子价态由+6价转变为+5价。     

CaO—SiO2—Ga2O3系的熔点测定

用试样变形法测定了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｇａ２Ｏ３三元系的熔点。对实验数据经过适当的数学处理，描绘出用质量百分浓度和用摩尔分数表示的坐标系中的等熔点曲线。实验设计上采用了优化处理。     

Specific features of Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+) magnetooptics in gadolinium-gallium garnet (Gd_3Ga_5O_(12))

We reported magnetooptical properties of Eu3+(4f(6)) and Tb3+(4f(8)) in single crystals of Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), Y3Ga5O12 (YGG), and Eu3+(4f(6)) in Eu3Ga5O12 (EuGG) for both ions occupying sites of D2 symmetry in the garnet structure. Absorption, luminescence, and magnetic circular polarization of luminescence (MCPL) spectra of Tb3+ in GGG and YGG and absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of Eu3+ in EuGG were studied. The data were obtained at 85 K and room temperature (RT). Magnetic susceptibility of...     

Single step low temperature synthesis of gadolinium gallium garnet nanopowders

Solution combustion synthesis of single-phase gadolinium gallium oxide(Gd3Ga5O12,GGG)nanopowders,by a fuel mixture approach using urea and glycine at a low temperature of 500oC,was being reported for the first time.Based on the fact that urea and glycine are good fuels for gallium oxide and gadolinium oxide synthesis,the fuel mixture composition was obtained,which could lead to direct phase pure cubic Gd3Ga5O12 formation without any subsequent calcination step.Combustion was carried out in furnace pre-heated at 500oC.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)of combustion product showed negligible mass loss indicating direct formation of GGG powder.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrum of combusted product showed peak characteristic of GGG in case of mixed fuel.X-ray diffraction(XRD)confirmed formation of phase pure GGG at 500°C in preheated furnace.Very fine,well dispersed nanometric particles of size range of 50-100 nm were obtained,being uniform and close to spherical morphology as observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).     

液膜分离富集测定镓

实验采用液膜体系分离富集镓．确定了该体系最适宜条件．6％TOPO、5％N205、4％液体石蜡和85％正己烷．内相为2％H2C2O4水溶液,外相为pH 1．5的试液．油内比(Roi)为1：1．乳水比(Rew)为15：100．操作时温度长辈t=15～36℃．富集时间10min。加入联合掩蔽剂、掩蔽干扰离子消除影响．选择性大大提高。在此条件下．许多共存离子都不被迁移富集．只有Ga^3 透过液膜迁入内相中。镓的迁移富集率达99．5％以上．内相中富集了较高浓度的Ga^3 。     

黑龙江东安金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因研究

东安金矿床受断裂构造和中酸性侵入体联合控制,流体包裹体研究表明,石英中主要发育气液二相及少量单液相包裹体,成矿流体属H2O-NaCl体系类型。成矿流体具有低盐度(0.7%~3.05%NaCl)、低密度(0.7~0.94 g/cm3)的特征,成矿温度为110.8~337.7℃,主体成矿温度区间为160~180℃,成矿压力为7.61~20.19 MPa,主体成矿深度为1.6~1.8 km。氢、氧同位素分析显示,成矿流体δDSMOW值为-90‰~-98‰,δ18OH2O值为0.6‰~4.0‰,表明成矿流体主要来自大气降水。典型的围岩蚀变有冰长石化、硅化、绢云母化。综合研究表明,东安金矿床属于由近中性、还原的低温流体形成的低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。     

Decomposition Reaction of Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate and Roasted with CaO and NaCl

The reaction of the mixed rare earth concentrate including monazite ( REPO4 ) and bastnaesite ( REFCO3 )decomposed by CaO and NaCl additives at the temperature range from 100 to 1000 ℃ was studied by means of XRD and TG-DTA.The results show that when CaO and NaCl are not added, only REFCO3 can be decomposed at the temperature of 377 ～ 450 ℃.The decomposition products include REOF, RE2O3 and CeO2.However, REFCO3 can not be decomposed.When CaO is added, the decomposition reactions occur at the temperature range from 660 to 750 ℃.CaO has three decomposition functions: ( 1 ) REPO4 can be decomposed by CaO and the decomposition products include RE2O3 and Ca3 (PO4)2; (2) CaO can decompose REOF, and the decomposition products are RE2O3 and CaF2; (3)CaO can decompose REPO4 with CaF2, and the decomposition products are RE2 O3, Ca5 F( PO4 )3.The decomposition ratio of the mixed rare earth concentrate increased obviously, when CaO and NaC1 were added.NaC1 can supply the liquid for the reaction, improve the mass transfer process and accelerate the reaction.At the same time, NaC1 participated in the reaction that REPO4 was decomposed by CaO.     

Solvent extraction of gallium(III) from sodium hydroxide solution by alkylated hydroxyquinoline

The distribution equilibria and kinetics of the extraction of gallium(III) from sodium hydroxide solutions by 7-(5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-locten-3-yl)-8-hydroxyquinoline (Kelex 100, designated HQ in the following) in kerosene have been examined under various conditions. From the dependence of the distribution coefficient on the concentrations of aqueous hydroxide and Kelex 100 it is deduced that the extraction can be expressed as Ga(OH)⁻₄(a) + 3 HQ(o) ⇄ GaQ₃(a) + OH⁻(a) + 3 H₂ O(a). Furthermore, the kinetic results suggest that gallium(III) is taken up through the formation of either of two different activated species, Na⁺[Ga(OH)₃ ], OH⁻ and Na⁺ · Na⁺[Ga(OH)₃], depending on the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous phase.