一种新型球形纤维素吸附剂的研究

棉花经碱化、老化和磺化得黏胶液 ,再用热溶胶转相法制得球形纤维素珠体。对纤维素珠体进行交联、接枝 ,研制出球形羧基纤维素吸附剂。在黏胶的制备过程中 ,棉与碱的最佳质量比为 1∶1,老化时间 6 0h ,磺化温度 2 3℃、磺化时间 3 0h ,CS2 用量为碱纤维素中纤维素质量的35 6 %。在成球过程中 ,V (黏胶 )∶V(变压器油 ) =(1 0∶3 5 )～ (1 0∶2 0 )。交联的最佳条件为 :交联温度 75℃ ,环氧氯丙烷用量 14mL ,碱液质量分数为 10 %。接枝的主要因素包括丙烯腈浓度 2 95mol/L、Ce4 + 盐浓度 0 0 0 72mol/L、接枝反应时间 1 0h以及接枝反应温度 2 5℃。这种球形纤维素吸附剂在不同溶液 /溶剂中的膨胀系数为 1 0 0～ 1 36 ,能经受 1 2mol/L的HCl和 1 0mol/L的NaOH水溶液 15次的反复处理 ,而且对Cr3 + 、Al3 + 、Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 金属离子的吸附容量分别为 2 8 1、14 6、49 2和 37 3mg/g。     

新型载铁球形棉纤维素吸附剂的制备研究

以脱脂棉为原料,经过碱化-老化-磺化制得粘胶液,再用热溶胶转相法制得球形纤维素珠体。对纤维素珠体进行载铁,研制出载铁球形棉纤维素吸附剂。在粘胶液的制备过程中,棉与碱的质量比为2:1,老化时间为60 h,磺化时间为3 h,CS2的毫升数为脱脂棉干重的1/2。在成球过程中,V(泵油):V(氯苯)=2:1。载铁过程中,适宜温度为20℃,载铁时间为10～12 h,FeCl3.6H2O的体积分数为10%,氢氧化钠的浓度为1 mol/L。制得的载铁球形吸附剂具有很高的饱和载铁量,并呈光滑完整的圆球形。     

高铝煤矸石铝硅分级提取实验研究

分级研究了热活化条件下高铝煤矸石在盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的铝硅溶出行为。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面积测定仪（BET）对煤矸石试样做了表征分析。通过正交实验分析了反应温度、反应时间、初始酸碱浓度和固液比对热活化处理后高铝煤矸石中Al2O3和酸浸渣SiO2溶出率的影响。结果表明：酸浸溶出Al2O3反应过程中,固液质量比和酸浸时间对溶出率的影响最为显著,酸浸过程的最优工艺条件：初始盐酸质量分数为20%、酸浸温度为90 ℃、酸浸时间为2.5 h、固液质量比为1∶6,在此条件下,Al2O3的浸取率达82.95%;强碱溶解酸浸渣溶出SiO2反应过程最优工艺条件：碱溶温度为95 ℃、碱溶时间为2.0 h、NaOH质量分数为20%、固液质量比为1∶10,在此条件下SiO2溶出率为69.74%,碱溶温度和碱液浓度对溶出率的影响最为显著。     

新型润湿剂的合成

以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚为原料，与顺酐酯化再与亚硫酸氢钠磺化，合成了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠。酯化反应适宜的反应条件为：n(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚）：n(顺酐）＝2．7：1．0，酯化反应温度为160℃，酯化时间为6h，压强在1．3－8．0kPa，催化剂用量与顺酐量的质量比为0.04:1.00；磺化反应适宜的反应条件为：n(亚硫酸氢钠）：n(顺酐）＝1．05：1．00，在通氮气的条件下操作，磺化温度为85℃，磺化时间为3．2h。所得产品润湿力在10s左右。     

5-氟尿嘧啶合成工艺研究

以氟乙酸甲酯为原料,在甲醇钠催化下与甲酸乙酯缩合得氟代甲酰乙酸酯烯醇式钠盐（化合物Ⅱ）,化合物Ⅱ与O-甲基异脲硫酸盐环合得2-甲氧基-5-氟尿嘧啶（化合物V）,V在稀盐酸中水解为5-氟尿嘧啶。在n（氟乙酸甲酯）：n（钠）：n（甲酸乙酯）：n（O-甲基异脲硫酸盐）;1．0：3．0：2．5：1．0、缩合温度为35℃、缩合时间为2h、环合温度为40℃、环合时间为6h以及水解温度为60℃的最佳反应条件下,目标化合物总收率为45．3％、纯度大于95％,其结构经IR、1^HNMR确证。     

芒硝和碳酸氢铵复分解法制取纯碱工艺研究

介绍了以芒硝和固体碳酸氢铵为原料，采用复分解法制取纯碱的工艺。芒硝和碳酸氢铵在适宜的条件下反应得重碱和母液。重碱经煅烧得纯碱，母液经蒸发得硫酸铵。产品均符合国标要求。探讨了影响纯碱质量的因素，确定了适宜的工艺条件：物料配比（硫酸钠与碳酸氢铵质量比）为1：1．2；反应温度35—40℃；反应时间1h；煅烧温度220～240℃；煅烧时间80min；蒸发温度80℃。此工艺用芒硝代替氯化钠为原料，使原料利用率高，生产成本低，工艺简单，投资少，利润高，无三废排放。     

活化时间对汉麻纤维结构性能的影响

为提高汉麻纤维在纺纱过程中落麻的综合利用率,增强汉麻纤维的表面活性,用15%（w/V）Na OH为活化剂,分别讨论了65℃不同活化时间（1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h）汉麻纤维的表面形态及内部结构变化。通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、光学显微镜（TM-1000）、纤维失重和结晶指数分析得出：经过碱活化工艺处理后,汉麻纤维的结晶度和晶粒尺寸均发生变化,汉麻纤维内部呈现纤维素Ⅰ和纤维素Ⅱ的混合晶型结构;纤维表面的-OH活性增强,同时汉麻纤维的质量略有降低。     

改性碱木素水煤浆分散剂的制备及应用研究

通过氧化、缩合及磺化对碱木素进行改性,制备了一种性能优良的水煤浆添加剂。在模拟宁夏某煤化工厂水煤浆制备的条件参数下,采用自制的湿法制浆设备,探索出制备水煤浆分散剂的优化工艺条件：双氧水用量为碱木素质量的20%,氧化时间为1.0 h,氧化温度为75℃,甲醛用量为碱木素质量的40%,羟基化时间为2.0 h,羟基化温度为80℃,磺化剂用量为碱木素质量的40%,磺化时间为2.5 h,磺化温度为95℃;此时获得的分散剂制备的水煤浆质量分数为60.40%,黏度为604 mPa·s,24 h析水率为3.1%,且分散性能优良。     

煤矸石除杂及碱融活化制取硅酸钠的实验研究

研究利用煤矸石中的硅元素制取硅酸钠,先将煤矸石粉在750 ℃下煅烧2 h,除去有机质并破坏了煤矸石中的高岭石等矿物的晶型结构,再将煅烧过的煤矸石粉在95 ℃、液固比（mL/g）为8∶1、质量分数为40%的硫酸中酸浸5 h,煤矸石煅烧粉中的铁和铝等金属杂质离子的总去除率为86.93%;还研究了碱融活化条件对硅元素溶出率的影响,获得了适宜的碱融活化条件：m（酸浸粉）∶m（碳酸钠）=1∶1.5、碱融温度为800 ℃、碱融时间为2 h。在此条件下,硅元素溶出率大于75%,最终获得了硅酸钠溶液。     

以全馏分催化裂解轻油为原料制备表面活性剂

研究了以催化裂解轻油（全馏分）为原料经过磺化，缩合，中和，干燥过程制备表面活性剂的方法，实验过程中控制磺化时间２ｈ，缩合温度小于３０℃，缩合时间４ｈ，中和温度小于８０℃，采用真空干燥，得出最佳磺化温度为６５Ｃ．Ｖ轻油：Ｖ磺酸＝３：２。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。