氨基硅油微乳液改性水性聚氨酯的合成和性能

合成了水性聚氨酯乳液和氨基硅油(AEAPS)微乳液改性水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了两种水性聚氨酯的性能及在织物上的涂层效果。结果表明,当氨基硅油相对于聚丙二醇的质量百分比为8.18%时,有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液的离心稳定性好,乳液胶膜表面硅原子的质量分数为0.92%;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯软段相与硬段相的微观相分离增大,乳液胶膜的耐水性能和热稳定性提高;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液作为织物涂层剂时,可以赋予织物柔软、滑爽的风格。     

氨基改性有机硅微乳液的制备及应用进展

着重阐述了氨基改性有机硅微乳液的各种制备方法以及它们各自的特点。氨基改性有机硅微乳液兼具聚硅氧烷和氨基的双重性质,从而具有链段柔顺性、耐热性、润滑性、反应性和吸附性等特点。介绍了氨基改性有机硅微乳液在化妆品、织物整理、皮革涂饰、纸浆造纸和汽车抛光等方面的应用。     

哌嗪基硅油的应用性能

以α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和3-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料,合成了哌嗪基硅油,然后乳化成哌嗪基硅油微乳液.将其用于纯棉平布的整理,结果发现,经哌嗪基硅油微乳液整理的纯棉平布不仅手感和抗皱性明显提高,对织物的吸湿性和白度影响较小;而且具有较持久的耐洗性.     

CO2/N2开关微乳液及其油污洗涤和分离性能

采用等摩尔的十二烷基苯磺酸钠与N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基叔胺为主乳化剂,正丁醇为助乳化剂,正庚烷为油相,制得O/W型微乳液。在CO_2/N_2交替作用下,可实现微乳液-相分离-微乳液的可逆转换;原始微乳液与复原微乳液半径分别为(10.89±0.21)和(11.50±0.47)nm。该微乳液对多孔固体和织物表面烃类矿物油的洗油率分别为99.13%±0.32%和98.30%±0.28%,对油砂表面原油的洗油率为54.52%±0.25%。活性物质量分数相等时,微乳稀释液对织物表面油性记号笔渍的去污力是市售洗衣粉的1.90倍;而微乳原液的去污力是市售洗衣粉的2.02倍。洗后含油废液通入CO_2可迅速实现油水分层,分离油相后的残余水相经阴、阳离子交换树脂和活性炭常规处理,COD和TOC分别为40.62和17.51 mg/L,符合GB 18918-2002中一级水排放标准(COD≤100 mg/L,TOC≤20 mg/L)。     

氨基改性聚硅氧烷及其微乳液的研制

分别采用本体聚合法和乳液聚合法制备了氨基改性聚硅氧烷及其微乳液,讨论了影响聚合反应及其微乳液的各种因素.结果表明,以八甲基环四硅氧烷、封头剂六甲基二硅氧烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料,KOH为催化剂,采用本体聚合法合成氨基改性聚硅氧烷的较佳工艺条件为反应温度125～135℃,反应时间3～5h,催化剂用量为40×10-6～80×10-6;将其制成微乳液的乳化工艺为以2种HLB值不同的非离子型表面活性剂复配成乳化剂,搅拌速度80～100r/nin,温度30～60℃.在乳液聚合法中,采用有机硅环体先预乳化、再滴加到反应釜中的工艺,乳化剂由二种阳离子表面活性剂和二种非离子表面活性剂复配而成.两种方法制成的氨基改性聚硅氧烷微乳液性能都优异,用于织物的后整理均能赋予织物优异的手感和柔软性.     

无皂乳液聚合的稳定方法和应用进展

详细分析了无皂乳液的稳定方法,包括齐聚物法、增加表面亲水性法、有机助溶剂法、无机粉末法以及适宜工艺法;最后探讨了无皂乳液在涂料和黏合剂,皮革、纸张和织物的涂饰、单分散微球和功能微球、复合材料等方面的最新应用。     

羟基有机硅微乳液的制备及应用

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)作乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,通过八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)的开环聚合反应,合成了羟基硅微乳液.考察了加料方式、聚合温度、聚合时间、预乳液滴加时间、DBSA和AEO9的质量比、催化剂用量对微乳液性能的影响.较佳工艺为:采用预乳化法转化率较高;DBSA与AEO9的质量比为3∶ 2,DBSA用量为反应物质量的3%,预乳液滴加时间为1.5～2 h;反应温度60～70 ℃,聚合时间4h.在此条件下制得的产品为半透明乳液,略泛蓝光,并且具有优异的稳定性能;用其处理后的织物具有良好的柔软性和白度,并且能赋予组织良好的亲水性.     

氨烃基硅微乳液的制备及其应用性能研究

以八甲基环四硅氧烷、N-(γ′-二甲氨基丙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料,合成出氨烃基聚硅氧烷,并对其乳液稳定性及应用性能进行研究.结果表明,当非离子型表面活性剂EO4和EO8按1∶1的质量比复合时,乳化效果较好,且复合乳化剂用量为20%～30%时,微乳液比较稳定;当固体质量分数为25%或30%、pH值为6～7时,ASO-121微乳液稳定性较好且整理织物的柔软性、白度、吸湿性较好.     

国产有机硅微粒乳液投放市场

化工部成都有机硅研究中心最近研制成功了 GWA-2阴离子有机硅微粒乳液(简称硅微乳)并已通过成都市科委组织的技术鉴定。与国内现有的各种有机硅乳液相比,该硅微乳具有粒径极小,外观透明至半透明、具有催化缩合反应活性、贮存稳定性和剪切稳定性高、使用效果优等显著特点。该产品主要作通用型织物柔软整理剂,同时还可用于普通有机硅乳液     

十二烷基/羧基改性聚硅氧烷乳液的制备及应用性能

以八甲基环四硅氧烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氧烷、顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,合成了十二烷基/羧基改性聚硅氧烷(RCAS);并用非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)将其乳化,制得外观透明的RCAS微乳液。运用透射电子显微镜、纳米粒度仪、Zeta电位分析仪、电脑测控柔软度仪等对RCAS乳液的粒径等物化指标进行测定,并考察了RCAS乳液在棉织物上的应用性能。结果表明:RCAS乳液的离心、弱酸碱及电解质稳定性良好,乳胶粒平均粒径为28 nm,粒径呈单峰分布,Zeta电位为-37.88 mV。经RCAS乳液整理的棉织物柔软性能较之经羧烃基改性聚硅氧烷(CAS)、十二烷基改性聚硅氧烷(RSO)整理的织物及未整理织物均有所增加,亲水性较之经氨基改性聚硅氧烷(ASO)整理的织物显著增加,白度最为优异,综合应用性能优于经CAS、RSO及ASO乳液整理的织物,同时赋予被整理织物软滑、蓬松增厚的独特手感;采用二次浸轧工艺整理的织物白度和亲水性基本保持不变,而柔软性能提升,获得了更佳的整理效果;RCAS乳液整理棉织物的最佳用量为1.0 g/100 mL水。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

国外生物降解聚合物的种类及主要组分

据１９９６～１９９８年国外有关文献的汇集,由美,日,德等国主要研制,生产的生物降解聚合物种类为：１,单一型生物降解聚合物;（１）合成酯（酸）类;（２）淀粉基材料;（３）天然高分子材料;２、复合型生物降解聚合物;（１）不同种类的烃基互聚物;（２）烃酯（酸）／聚酯（３）脂肪族聚酯／芳香族聚酯共聚物;（３）淀粉基复合型,（５）光／生物降解聚合物;３、可生物降解水溶性聚合物。     

Book Reviews

Physico-Chemical Basis of Formation of Non-Woven Materials, V. 6. Tikhomirov, Legkaya lndustriya Publ. Moscow 1969. 328 pp. Rub. 2.29.

ADHESIVES FOR METALS. THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY, Nicholas J. DeLollis. Industrial Press Inc., New York 1970. 230 pp. $15.00.     

九种致癌染料剥色工艺的优化

针对纺织品上可能存在的九种致癌染料(C.I.酸性红26、C.I.分散橙11、C.I.分散黄3、C.I.分散蓝1、C.I.直接蓝6、C.I.直接黑38、C.I.直接红28、C.I.碱性红9、C.I.碱性紫14),本文研究并比较了不同剥色工艺对不同致癌染料剥色效果的影响.并提出选用加入尿素的甲醇作为剥色剂,使用超声功率为100W的超声波在70℃处理30分钟可以获得比较理想的剥色效果.     

The ruthenium(VIII)-catalysed oxidation of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal: An application of g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy for structural analysis

The oxidation of Illinois No. 6 coal proceeds readily with ruthenium(VIII) to provide a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The acids were converted into their methyl esters for analysis by g.c.-m.s. and g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy. Mono-, di-, tri- and tetracarboxylic acids are the principal products of the oxidation of this bituminous coal. The g.c.-FT-i.r. approach has enabled the detection of several different lactones that have not been observed previously. The results imply that cyclic ethers are present in low abundance in Illinois coals.     

Analysis of upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquid products

Upgraded coal-derived liquids obtained from catalytic hydroprocessing of SRC-11 and H-coal syncrudes have been studied by i.r., p.m.r., g.c.-m.s., and silica gel chromatography. With increase in residence time, nitrogen, oxygen and aromatics decrease, while naphthenes increase substantially. All the upgraded liquids show low viscosity at 298 K (1.3–1.4 mN s m^?2), even though saturate and aromatic fractions varied with processing severity. In the aromatic-1 fraction, 1 -ring aromatics increase, and 3-ring aromatics decrease, with increase in severity of hydroprocessing. G.c.-m.s. analyses indicate a marked qualitative similarity for saturate and aromatic fractions irrespective of syncrude source. Only the heavier end of the aromatic-1 fraction is noticeably different. Tentative identifications based on m.s. and g.c. retention times are made for most of the significant components. 600 M Hz p.m.r. spectra of the upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquids appear identical, but the n.m.r. difference technique revealed slight differences between the two liquids in concentrations of certain species.     

Characterization of coals and coal oxidation by magic-angle 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy

Magic-angle ¹³C n.m.r. spectra have been obtained for a series of vitrinite concentrates. Proper modification of the cross-polarization pulse sequence allows separation of protonated and nonprotonated carbon resonances. This technique is used to determine the relative fraction of nonprotonated aromatic carbons for each of the vitrinites, a parameter observed to decrease with increasing rank. Another parameter, related to the aromatic hydrogen content, is also calculated from these data and the results correlate with those from Fourier transform i.r. spectroscopy. The methods used for analysis of the vitrinite concentrates were then applied to the low-temperature oxidation of coal. The fractional aromaticity as determined by n.m.r. increases with longer oxidation times, indicating preferential attack on aliphatic structures. Here the FT-i.r. results are in quantitative agreement with those from n.m.r. Finally, the advantages of using various pulse sequences to extend the range of magic-angle n.m.r. and of combining FT-i.r. and n.m.r. results are discussed in the context of their potential for coal science.     

Mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide single crystals intended for structural applications

Conclusions New structural materials (single crystals obtained from partially stabilized zirconium dioxide) were studied. It was established that their physical and mechanical properties are certainly comparable to those of the other structural materials. We obtained new information regarding the mechanical behavior of the single crystals of zirconium dioxide that would facilitate further development of the technology of these materials and guide the studies on the mechanisms of their resistance to mechanical forces under different loading conditions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 14–17, 1991.The authors wish to thank V. I. Aleksandrov, M. A. Vishnyakov, Yu. K. Voron'ko, and V. F. Kalabukhov for participating in the research work concerning crystal growth and V. I. Galenko, A. V. Drozdov, A. V. Cheboryukov, and A. I. Fesenko for carrying out mechanical testing.     

NMR- und UV-VIS-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-Butadienen

N.M.R. and U.V.-VIS Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes ¹³C-n.m.r., d-n.m.r. and u.v.-vis spectroscopical data show that the push-pull character of the investigated butadienes is lowered by substitution at the carbon atom in 3-position of the butadiene chain.