Beer brewing using a fusant between a sake yeast and a brewer's yeast

Beer brewing using a fusant between a sake yeast (a lysine auxotrophic mutant of sake yeast K-14) and a brewer's yeast (a respiratory-deficient mutant of the top fermentation yeast NCYC1333) was performed to take advantage of the beneficial characteristics of sake yeasts, i.e., the high productivity of esters, high tolerance to ethanol, and high osmotolerance. The fusant (F-32) obtained was different from the parental yeasts regarding, for example, the assimilation of carbon sources and tolerance to ethanol. A brewing trial with the fusant was carried out using a 100-l pilot-scale plant. The fusant fermented wort more rapidly than the parental brewer's yeast. However, the sedimentation capacity of the fusant was relatively low. The beer brewed using the fusant contained more ethanol and esters compared to that brewed using the parental brewer's yeast. The fusant also obtained osmotolerance in the fermentation of maltose and fermented high-gravity wort well.     

Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive review regarding global waterpipe use, in order to identify current knowledge, guide scientific research, and promote public policy.

Data sources: A Medline search using as keywords "waterpipe", "narghile", "arghile", "shisha", "hookah", "goza", "hubble bubble" and variant spellings (for example, "hooka"; "hukka") was conducted. Resources compiled recently by members of GLOBALink were used.

Study selection: Every identified published study related to waterpipe use was included.

Data synthesis: Research regarding waterpipe epidemiology and health effects is limited; no published studies address treatment efforts. Waterpipe use is increasing globally, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, where perceptions regarding health effects and traditional values may facilitate use among women and children. Waterpipe smoke contains harmful constituents and there is preliminary evidence linking waterpipe smoking to a variety of life threatening conditions, including pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and pregnancy related complications.

Conclusions: More scientific documentation and careful analysis is required before the spread of waterpipe use and its health effects can be understood, and empirically guided treatment and public policy strategies can be implemented.

     

新闻纸透印问题的解决

在看报纸时,你是否曾感到会同时阅读两则新闻？这就是纸张的透印,你可以从阅读面看到背面的文字。新闻纸的透明度是一项重要指标,     

啤酒发酵罐的清洗和灭菌技术

发酵罐的微生物状况对啤酒质量影响很大,清洁无菌是啤酒生产中卫生管理的基本要求。良好的CIP系统可以对发酵罐进行有效的清洗。本文对发酵罐的清洗机理、清洗方法、清洗程序、清洗剂和灭菌剂的选择以及CIP系统的运行质量等问题进行了探讨。     

Latex as a sunscreen carrier in a silicone vehicle

This work comprises a study of the adsorption-desorption of three chemical sunscreens on the polymer surface of the latex Aquacoat, which has a high specific surface. The aim was to delay the release of these filters from the silicone excipient containing them and therefore increasing the substantivity, i.e. prolonging the sunscreening effect.     

一种食品成形机设计方案反求

成形机是淡水鱼方便食品加工的关键设备之一 ,目前国内还没有十分成功的设计先例 ,本文应用反求设计的思想 ,对淡水鱼方便食品成形机的设计进行讨论 ,得出了恰当的设计方案 ,实践证明所得的结论有效、可行。     

Determination of vitamin a in foods ‐ a review

Formerly, few foods were routinely analyzed for vitamin A, but recent emphasis on nutrient requirements, nutrient labeling, and use of dietary convenience foods has created need for determining vitamin A in a variety of foods. There are many vitamin A methods — some suitable for certain products only. For regulatory purposes, the FDA specifies the AOAC method where it is applicable. However, some food analysts and organizations continue with their own vitamin A methods. If possible, a single, widely applicable general method should be used for vitamin A in foods. Vitamin A may be determined by spectrophotometric, colorimetric, and fluorometric procedures. Sometimes chromatography is required as an important part of the method. Colorimetric procedures with SbCl₃ are now most widely used to measure vitamin A (retinol) in foods. If vitamin A content is high enough and extracts sufficiently free of interfering substances, spectrophotometric or flurometric methods are satisfactory. Methods in various stages of development for determining vitamin A in foods are based on flurospectrophotometry, gas‐liquid chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and automation. To estimate total vitamin A nutritional value of certain foods may also require determination of vitamin A isomerization and contents of carotenes, cryptoxanthin, reinaldehyde, and apo‐carotenal.     

葡萄酒庄:馅饼还是陷阱?

日前 ,中国第一款真正意义上的庄园葡萄酒—张裕·卡斯特葡萄酒庄高级干红葡萄酒面市 ,这不仅标志着国产葡萄酒在走向高档化的道路上迈出了坚实的一步 ,而且也预示着中国葡萄酒业进入了以葡萄酒庄园为标志的新一轮竞争。1　千呼万唤始出来“葡萄酒庄”一词对普通中国百姓来说 ,还是一个新名词。那么 ,何谓“葡萄酒庄” ?葡萄酒庄 (Ｃｈａｔｅａｕ)一词源于法国著名的葡萄酒之乡波尔多 ,法语“Ｃｈａｔｅａｕ”的原意是指那些中世纪为了防范外敌入侵而修建的城堡 ,而在著名的酿酒区 ,Ｃｈａｔｅａｕ逐渐被赋予了特殊的含义 ,它们往往指那些专…     

发酵罐改作清酒罐的应用实践

随着气温的升高,又到了啤酒生产企业创高产增效益的黄金季节。燕京啤酒（山东无名）股份有限公司啤酒日产量近千千升,为解决酿造车间清酒罐周转紧张的问题,公司专门拿出两个发酵罐,通过技术改造后作为清酒罐来使用,满足了旺季生产量大、清酒罐使用紧张的问题,起到了一罐二用、降低生产成本的目的。     

添加半纤维素抽提段将硫酸盐浆厂改造为溶解浆厂

介绍了将硫酸盐浆生产工艺改造为溶解浆生产工艺的最佳策略。在溶解浆生产过程中,半纤维素水解和后续的抽提会影响生产过程的能量平衡和化学平衡,采用计算机模拟生产过程和夹点分析方法讨论了抽提半纤维素过程对能量平衡和操作条件的影响。此外,还找出了提高溶解浆产能的瓶颈,并提出了新工艺条件下降低能耗的措施。     

圆网纸机改造为长网纸机的技术创新

介绍了国内某企业4600 mm圆网纸机改造为长网纸机的情况。纸机车速由改造前的120～150 m/min提高到350～500 m/min;纸机产品由原来的挂面箱纸板改为52～150 g/m2铜版原纸,产品档次提高,生产的铜版原纸质量达到用户要求;单台日产量由改造前的50～70 t提高到200～250 t;改造后电耗、煤耗、浆耗、水耗均有下降;改造后企业的经济效益明显提高。     

新型的桌面结构——支肘板

现在．采用坐姿进行桌面作业已经成为现代人的主要工作方式。据统计，工业化国家四分之三以上的人是坐姿工作。坐姿桌面作业之中，最常见的是两种方式：一种是伏案工作，坐在写字台、学习桌前阅读与书写；另一种是使用电脑，坐在电脑桌前操作键盘和鼠标。     

Banach代数上映射的方向导数

设A为一有单位元的复Banach代数，D包含A为非空开集。西方中引入并研究了映射F：D→A的一阶方向导数DF（a）和高阶方向导数D^(n)f(a)。利用Riesz函数演算，证明了它们的一些性质，讨论了它们与内导子δa的关系。特别地，当f∈H（Ω），a∈A且δ(a)包含Ω时，得到了算子δ^(n)F(a)的一个表示。