水中苯酚—间甲酚的竞争吸附

对水中苯酚—间甲酚在ＮＫＡ树脂上的竞争吸附性能做了实验测定，并用ＩＡＳ和ＬＡＣ两种模型对竞争吸附性能数据进行预测，较好地反映了其竞争吸附的规律。     

含水率和流速变化对土壤吸附规律影响的实验研究

通过重铬酸钾溶液的静态吸附实验和动态吸附实验分别研究了含水量变化及流速变化对土壤中吸附作用的影响，得到以下结论：①饱和土壤的吸附量大于非饱和土壤中的吸附量，且具有土壤含水量越低，吸附量越小的趋势；②动态流场中溶质的吸附量比在静态不动水体中溶质的吸附量要大     

车用天然气吸附存储系统的吸附动力学

天然气吸附过程的热效应严重影响天然气的吸附量,是吸附储存天然气汽车走向应用的一大障碍.为减小热效应的影响,建立车用天然气储罐吸附过程的数学模型并用SIMPLER算法进行求解,以充气60s和180s为条件进行计算,得到以下结论:60s和180s充气对应的充气质量分别为2.1389kg和2.1723kg;充气效率分别比等温充气减少45.15%和44.29%;吸附剂平均温度分别升高74.76K和72.72K.可见,吸附放热对充气效率有很大影响,必须采取适当的措施减小热效应的不利影响.     

铵态氮在土壤中吸附性能探讨

在介绍土壤常见几种理论吸附模型的基础上，以关中河漫滩、阶地、山前洪积扇和黄土台塬这些地区浅部土壤为例，在室内同等条件下，对不同土壤进行吸附实验，探讨不同土壤对NH4^ -N的吸附特征和吸附能力。结果表明，NH4^ -N吸附作用符合兰缪尔(Langmuir)等温吸附模型。土壤对NH4^ -N的吸附性的强弱与土壤颗粒大小百分含量有关。土壤中粘粒百分含量越高，吸附性就越强。这些土壤对NH4^ -N吸附的最大容量在0．2～0．9g／kg之间。     

Polanyi吸附势理论的热力学推导

运用热力学理论和溶液理论,在不受经验性假设限制的条件下,分析了Ｐｏｌａｎｙｉ吸附垫的热力学含义,指导出固液界面吸附的基本条件、凝聚吸附条件、混合溶液竞争凝聚吸附以及顶替吸附的基本条件,是出与Ｐｏｌａｎｙｉ吸附势理论及其在溶液中吸附的应用相一致的结果。     

气体在固体上的吸附BET公式推导

据统计,世界上85%的化学制品要依靠催化反应制得,而催化与吸附关系密切,其中固体表面的吸附是多相催化的必经步骤,应用的最为广泛的是气固相的催化作用.笔者在本文中运用严谨的数学逻辑推理方法,论证中通过归纳、比较,指出吸附对于催化的重要意义,着力于BET公式的理论推导,同时进行了大量的理论上的证明与阐述,论述了气固相的吸附及其规律性.     

活性炭纤维间歇吸附系统表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型的比较

比较了活性炭纤维间歇系统当吸附等温方程为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型时表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型，获得了两模型扩散系数可相互转换的条件，分析了用间歇吸附实验研究溶质在活性炭纤维内扩散机理的可行性，同时给出当吸附等温方程为矩型时两模型的解析解。通过实验验证了部分结论。     

化学吸附式制冷吸附床的模拟研究与结构分析

吸附床的传热传质性能的优化是提高吸附式制冷系统制冷效率的重要方法。利用FLUENT软件对使用CaCl2-NH3为吸附工质对的化学吸附制冷系统中的吸附床进行了数值模拟研究,分析了吸附床解吸过程中温度场和单位质量吸附剂制冷量(SCP)的变化规律,并对不同填充直径和每层填充厚度的吸附床进行了性能分析,结果显示在填充总量一定时,吸附床的填充直径越小,系统的制冷效率越高。     

吸附树脂对水中游离胆红素的吸附性能研究

测定了七种吸附树脂对模拟水溶液中游离胆红素的静态吸附能力,研究了试液pH和温度的影响。结果显示,NKA-21和CKA树脂对胆红素具有较强的吸附能力,其平衡吸附效率为64-72％,吸附量为13.3-16.8mg/g,最佳吸附温度为20-35℃,最佳吸附pH分别为7.30和7.75。     

捕收剂CSU-A与黄铜矿作用机理

通过矿物浮选实验、吸附量测试以及红外光谱分析，研究CSU—A与黄铜矿和黄铁矿相互作用的规律．浮选实验结果表明，当CSU—A的质量浓度为6mg／L，溶液pH值为9．0～9．5时，CSU—A对黄铜矿捕收能力强，对黄铁矿捕收能力弱；红外光谱分析结果表明，捕收剂CSU—A与黄铜矿和黄铁矿作用前、后的红外光谱图明显不同，在黄铜矿与药剂作用后出现了6cm^-1的波数位移，而黄铁矿与捕收剂作用前、后的红外光谱图基本上没有变化．由此可以确定，捕收剂CSU—A在黄铜矿表面发生了化学吸附，而在黄铁矿表面仅是简单的物理吸附．捕收剂CSU—A具有选择性的主要原因是在黄铜矿和黄铁矿表面发生吸附的形式不同．     

Synthesis of 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl thiourea resins and their adsorption properties for Ag(Ⅰ)

Several 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl thiourea resins (BTR) were synthesized through interfacial polymerization between 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl diisothiocyanate and polyamine. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR. The adsorption properties (including the effect of adsorption time,pH,initial concentrations and temperature) of BTR-1,BTR-2 and BTR-3 for Ag(I) were investigated by batch tests. The results show that the adsorption equilibria of BTR-1,BTR-2,BTR-3 for Ag(I) are achieved after about 10 h. Their equilibri...     

Adsorption of Pb^2＋ on macroporous weak acid adsorbent resin from aqueous solutions： Batch and column studies

The adsorption properties of a novel macroporous weak acid resin (D152) for Pb²⁺ were investigated with chemical methods. The optimal adsorption condition of D152 resin for Pb²⁺ is at pH 6.00 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity is 527 mg/g at 298 K. Pb²⁺ adsorbed on D152 resin can be eluted with 0.05 mol/L HCl quantitatively. The adsorption rate constants determined under various temperatures are k _{288 K}=2.22×10⁻⁵ s^t-1, k _{298 K}=2.51×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹, and k _{308 K}= 2.95×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹, respectively. The apparent activation energy, E _a is 10.5 kJ/mol, and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH ^Θ=13.3 kJ/mol, ΔS ^Θ=119 J/(mol·K), and ΔG ^Θ 298 K =−22.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The adsorption behavior of D152 resin for Pb²⁺ follows Langmuir model. Foundation item: Project(2008F70059) supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Planning of Zhejiang Province, China     

Adsorption of D113 resin for dysprosium(III)

The adsorption behavior and mechanism of D113 resin for Dy(III) was investigated by using the method of resin adsorption. Experimental results show that the optimum medium pH of adsorption of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ is pH=6.00 in the HAc-NaAc medium. The static adsorption capacity of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ is 292.7 mg·g⁻¹. The optimum eluant is 0.5 mol·L⁻¹ HCl. The adsorption rate constant is k ₂₉₈=6.8×10⁻⁶s⁻¹. The apparent activation energy of D113 resin for Dy(III) is 14.79 kJ·mol⁻¹. The adsorption behavior of D113 resin for Dy(III) obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption parameters of thermodynamic are ΔH=14.48 kJ·mol⁻¹, ΔS=54.69 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹, ΔG=−1.82 kJ·mol⁻¹.The adsorption mechanism of D113 resin for Dy³⁺ was confirmed by chemical analysis and IR spectra. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.201027), Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Education Bureau (No.20040551) and Zhoushan Science Technology Bureau (No.04114)     

Adsorption and desorption properties of D318 resin for Cr（Ⅵ）

The adsorption capability of D318 resin for Cr(VI) was investigated by chemistry analysis. Experimental results show that D318 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr(VI) at pH=3.16 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 265.4 mg/g. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change ΔH and free energy change ΔG ₂₉₈ of the adsorption reaction are 4.81 and −5.16 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy E _a is 22.4 kJ/mol. The adsorption behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of resin to Cr(VI) is 3:2. Cr(VI) adsorbed on D318 resin can be eluted by 5%NaOH-5%NaCl quantitatively. Foundation item: Project (Y304121) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China     

Adsorption of Macroporous Phosphonic Acid Resin for Nickel

1Introduction Thesynthesischaracterizationandadsorptionproper tyofpolymericmaterialshavebeenresearchedinrecent years[110].Macroporousphosphonicacidresin[11](PAR)isanovelpolymericmaterialwhichcontainsafunctional groupof[PO(OH)2].Ithasalotofadvantagessuchas…     

Thermochemical Study of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Rare Earths with Glycine and L-alanine

In order to obtain the standard molar enthalpies of formation of Rare-Earth amino acid coordination compounds, precise isothermal solution-reaction calorimetric method was used. The value of Δ_rH _m ^Θ of two coordination reactions was determined at T=298.2 K. From the experimental results and other auxiliary values, the standard molar enthalpies of formation of Ln(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s) [Ln=La, Yb] at T=298.2 K were obtained. The values of them is to be Δ_rH _m ^Θ [La(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s)]=−3545.45 kJ/mol and Δ_rH _m ^Θ [Yb(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2)(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s)]=−3793.81 kJ/mol, respectively. QU Jing-nian: Born in 1954 Funded by the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Professors in High Education Institute, Ministry of Education, P. R. China     

Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using ultrafine coal fly ash

Coal fly ashes WSRA and BQRA were ball milled for 5 h to produce their ultrafine coal fly ashes WSUA and BQUA, respectively. Batch kinetic, isotherm and pH effect on adsorption were studied to evaluate removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by ultrafine coal fly ashes comparing with raw coal fly ashes. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be intraparticle diffusion controlled and follows the Lagergren first-order kinetics for all coal fly ashes. The first-order rate constants (k ₁) of Cr (VI) adsorption onto WSRA, WSUA, BQRA and BQUA are 1.981, 1.497, 2.119 and 1.500 (×10⁻²) min⁻¹, respectively. The adsorption capacities of WSUA and BQUA are much better than those of WSRA and BQRA. Equilibrium adsorption data of all coal fly ashes well satisfy the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbed amounts of Cr (VI) onto WSUA and BQUA decrease from pH 2 to pH 6 and then increase up to pH 12.     

Critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→hcp(ε) in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys

By the application of Chou's new geometry model and the available data from binary Fe-Mn, Fe-Si and Mn-Si systems, as well as SGTE DATA for lattice stability parameters of three elements from Dinsdale, the Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature of the fcc(γ) and hep(ε) phases in the Fe-Mn-Si system is reevaluated. The relationship between the Neel temperature of the γ phase and concentration of constituents in mole fraction, is fitted and verified by the experimental results. The critical driving force for the martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→ hep (ε), △ G_C~(γ→ε), defined as the free energy difference between γ and ε phases at M_s of various alloys can also be obtained with a known M_s. It is found that the driving force varies with the composition of alloys, e. g. △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 100.99 J/mol in Fe-27.0Mn-6.0Si and △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 122.11 J/mol in Fe-26.9Mn-3.37Si. The compositional dependence of critical driving force accorded with the expression formulated by Hsu of the     

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution onto Zr-loaded garlic peel （Zr-GP） particles

Garlic peel, as the raw material, was modified by loading with zirconium(IV), exhibiting quite good uptaking behaviour for fluoride anion. The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch shaking vessels, and the process was strongly dependent on the pH value. The adsorption fits Langmuir model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities at equilibrium pH 2 and 6 are evaluated to be 1.10 and 0.89 mol(fluoride)/kg of Zr-loaded garlic peel gel, respectively. The evaluation of effects of coexisting anions such as nitrate, sulfate and phosphate shows that nitrate and sulfate have no negative effect on the adsorption of fluoride, while phosphate has a little effect. Adsorption kinetics of fluoride is well described by pseudo-second-order rate equation, and the corresponding adsorption rate constant is calculated to be 3.25×10⁻³ g/(mg·min).     

Inclusion behavior of oxybutynin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Inclusion behavior of oxybutynin (OBN) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was investigated by ultraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. A reliable determination of the complex stoichiometry was provided by the continuous variation technique. Alcohol was added to further investigate the mechanism of the inclusion behavior. Thermodynamic constants ΔG, ΔH and ΔS for inclusion interaction of OBN and HP-β-CD were determined. The results show that host-guest complex with molar ratio of 1:1 is formed, and inclusion stability constant between OBN and HP-β-CD is 54.9 L/mol determined by ultraviolet spectrum and 11.1 L/mol determined by fluorescence spectrum. OBN has weak binding ability with HP-β-CD in aqueous solution (stability constant <10² L/mol) and addition of alcohol leads to a decrease of stability constant, which indicates that the hydrophobic force contributes to the inclusion process. ΔG, ΔH and ΔS are all less than zero, which indicates that the inclusion process is a spontaneous and exothermic process.