Preparation of nanocrystalline BaTiO_3 ceramics

The high-dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3(BT)ceramics with grain size smaller than 100nm have been successfully prepared by the two step sintering and the spark plasma sintering(SPS)process.The successive transitions in nanograin BT ceramics from rhombohedral to orthorhombic,tetragonal and cubic transitions,similar to those in coarse BT ceramics,were revealed by in-situ temperature dependent Raman spectrum.The multiphase coexistence and the diffused phase transition character were demonstrated in the 8nm nanocr...     

Preparation of nanocrystalline BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramics

The high-dense nanocrystalline BaTiO₃ (BT) ceramics with grain size smaller than 100 nm have been successfully prepared by the two step sintering and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The successive transitions in nanograin BT ceramics from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic transitions, similar to those in coarse BT ceramics, were revealed by in-situ temperature dependent Raman spectrum. The multiphase coexistence and the diffused phase transition character were demonstrated in the 8 nm nanocrystalline BT ceramics. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2002CB613301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50872093)     

合成高活性Y2O3和Al2O3超细粉及Nd：YAG透明陶瓷

分别以Y（NO3）3和氨水、NH4Al（SO4）2.12H2O和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用化学沉淀法与碳酸铝铵分解法合成了高活性、平均粒径分别为39 nm和95 nm的Y2O3和Al2O3超细粉体.以Y2O3,Al2O3超细粉和商用Nd2O3粉体为原料,采用固相反应法,经1 700℃真空烧结15 h,制备了Nd：YAG透明陶瓷.含x（Nd）=1%的YAG陶瓷在可见光区最大透光率约为53%.对YAG陶瓷的烧结过程和显微组织研究表明,Nd的引入明显地促进了陶瓷的烧结,同时晶粒得到细化.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal stability of nanocrystalline vanadium

Currently, because of the thermal instability of nanocrystalline (NC) materials, there is little report on their thermal properties. Thus, for the NC, the study on their thermal sta- bility has been an urgent issue from the view of practical application and theoretical re- search. The difficulty for investigating the growth of NC material is to determine the crystal grain size precisely. Crystal grain size is generally determined by electronic mi- croscopes or X-ray diffraction[1]. Experime…     

Combustion Synthesis and Densification of NiAl/TiB_2 Composites

A suitable combustion synthesis and densification process was designed to fabricate dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites from Ni-Al- Ti-B system. Combustion synthesis processing and microstructure characteristics of products were studied in detail. The results show that the amount of TiB2 ceramics has a great influence on the combustion synthesis processing and microstructure; with the increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics, the combustion temperature and combustion velocity increase rapidly. The volume of synthesized products and the grain size of ceramics particle size are also affected by the amount of TiB2 ceramics. TiB2 ceramics fiber can be produced in this synthesis system. The dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites with residual porosity of no more than 1% are fabricated by the combustion synthesis and hot pressing, the mechanical properties of the dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites increase with increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics.     

Effects of carrier gas on densification of porous carbon-carbon composites during chemical vapor infiltration

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Sintering Mechanism of Stainless Steel in Powder Injection Molding

Stainless steel samples were made by Powder injection Molding (PIM) process with-400 mesh powder in order to investigate the sintering mechanism in this system and develop the PIM of stainless steels. The process included mixing, injection molding, debin- ding and sintering. Neck growth model was used to analyze the sintering mechanism. The results show that lattice (volume) diffusion is the main mechanism in the sintering process, the products with higher density (>95%) and properties are obtained. At lower temperatures, grain boundary diffusion may play a role in the sintering densification.     

直流电弧等离子体制备SnO2纳米粉末的研究

利用直流电弧等离子本蒸发-凝聚法制备SnO2纳米粒子，研究了SnO2粒子在等离子体焰流中的形成和生长机理，探讨了等离子体发生器功率、气体配比和冷却介质对SnO2纳米粒子粒度和纯度的影响，制备出了纯度大于98．8％、粒度可控的SnO2纳米粉末，为制造高性能SnO2气敏传感器打下了良好的基础。     

Consolidation and microstructures of microwave sintered W-25Cu alloys with Fe addition

W-25Cu alloys were microwave sintered in a 2.45 GHz multimode applicator. The densification, microstructure and their dependence on sintering mode and Fe addition were investigated in detail. Owing to the volumetric heating intrinsic in microwave processing, a microstructure with larger W grain size in center regions was observed as against larger grain size in edge regions for conventional sintering. Microwave sintering demonstrates its intrinsic advantages such as rapid heating rate, densification enhancement and microstructural homogeneity; but it undesirably promotes W grain growth. Under microwave sintering, the role of Fe addition on compact consolidation is not so substantial as under conventional sintering. Moreover Fe degrades the microstructural quality, generating worse uniformity and coarser W grains.     

Microstructure and strength modification of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics through microwave sintering for multilayer capacitors

Relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with the composition of xPb( Mg_(1/3) Nb_(2/3)O_3-yPb (Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3-zPbTiO_3 was fast sintered in a 2.45 GHz microwave system. Microwave-sintered samples illustrate more rapid densification and much smaller grain size microstructure than eonventional sintered samples. Also the microwave processing significantly increases the dielectric strength and flexural strength of the relaxor so that its strength becomes comparable with modified BaTiO_3, and could obtain comparable dielectric properties in comparison with conventional sintering process. Microwave processing has many advantages for sintering of relaxor ferroelectrie ceramics used as multilayer capacitors.     

Superplasticity and superplastic bulging behavior of ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Ni nanocomposite

ZrO2/Ni nanocomposite was produced by pulse electrodeposition and its superplastic properties were investigated by the tensile and bulging tests. The as-deposited nickel matrix has a narrow grain size distribution with a mean grain size of 45 nm. A maximum elongation of 605% was observed at 723 K and a strain rate of 1.67×10-3s-1 by tensile test. Superplastic bulging tests were subsequently performed using dies with diameters of 1 mm and 5 mm respectively based on the optimal superplastic forming temperature. The effects of forming temperature and gas pressure on bulging process were experimentally investigated. The results indicated that ZrO2/Ni nanocomposite samples can be readily bulged at 723 K with H/d value (defined as dome apex height over the die diameter) larger than 0.5, indicating that the nanocomposite has good bulging ability. SEM and TEM were used to examine the microstructure of the as-deposited and bulged samples. The observations showed that significant grain coarsening occurs during superplastic bulging, and the microstructure is found to depend on the forming temperature.     

Spark plasma sintering of undoped SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> ceramics

Various parameters in spark plasma sintering(SPS),such as sintering temperature,holding time,heating rate,and pressure,were adopted to investigate their effects on the densification of pure SnO2 power.The obtained experimental data show that the SPS process enhances densification.The high-density undoped SnO2 ceramics (96.6% of theoretical) was obtained at much lower temperature (1000℃),within a much shorter time,compared to the conventional sintering process.The high-density undoped SnO2 ceramics (96.6% of theoretical) were obtained by SPS,under the condition of temperature:1000℃,pressure:40MPa,heating-rate:200℃/min,and holding time:3min     

钛-锆二元纳米机械合金化的基本模式

在室温下大批量地制备了晶粒尺度为7.6 nm的纯粹的二元钛-锆纳米合金,合金的生成经历了塑性变形、颗粒细化、粒子植入、原子扩散和渗透等阶段,其中钛的超前塑性变形为锆粒子的植入、扩散和渗透提供了良好的反应基体和充分条件,没有钛预先足够的塑性变形,就不可能有任何新的产物生成。另一方面,锆粒子向钛基体植入为合金的生成提供了必要条件,但是,如果锆晶粒没有足够的细化,就不会有锆粒子植入钛基体中。该文为同族的而且具有完全固溶性的金属的机械合金化开创了一种新模式。     

TiO_2纳米晶多孔微球的制备方法及形成机理

TiO2纳米晶多孔微球具有颗粒大、晶粒尺寸小及比表面积较高等优点.以明胶作为模板,以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米晶多孔微球,并采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪对其性能进行了表征.实验结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了纯锐钛矿型TiO2;明胶的加入对样品的物相组成没有影响,但改变了其晶粒尺寸和排布方式,得到了一种由纳米晶组成的多孔微球;微球直径约为200~500nm,其中孔隙约为2~5nm,平均晶粒尺寸为(14.3±0.9)nm.在此基础上对TiO2纳米晶多孔微球的形成机理进行了分析.     

Pressureless reactive sintering mechanism of nanocrystalline Bi2O3-Y2O3 solid electrolyte

The nanocrystalline Bi2O3-Y2O3 solid electrolyte material was synthesized by pressureless reactive sintering process with Bi2O3 and Y2O3 nano mixed powder as raw materials, which was prepared by a chemical coprecipitation process. The study on the behavior of nano δ-Bi2O3 formation and its grain growth showed that the solid solution reaction of Y2O3 and β-Bi2O3 to form δ-Bi2O3occurs mainly in the initial stage of sintering process, and nano δ-Bi2O3 crystal grains grow approximately following the rule of paracurve ((D-D0)2=K.t) during sintering process. After sintered at 600℃ for 2 h, the samples could reach above 96% in relative density and have dense microstructure with few remaining pores, the δ-Bi2O3 grains are less than 100 nm in size.     

Combustion Synthesis and Densification of NiAl／TiB2 Composites

A suitable combustion synthesis and densification process was designed to fabricate dense NiAl/TiB2 composites from Ni-Al-Ti-B system. Combustion synthesis processing and microstructure characteristies of products were studied in detail. The results show that the amount of TiB2 ceramics has a great influence on the combustion synthesis processing and microstructure; with the increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics, the combus-tion temperature and combustion velocity increase rapidly. The volume of synthesized products and the grain size of ceramics particle size are also affected by the amount of TiB2 ceramics. TiB2 ceramics fiber can be produced in this synthesis system. The dense NiAl/TiB2 composites with residual porosity of no more than 1% are fabricated by the combustion synthesis and hot pressing, the mechanical properties of the dense NiAl/TiB2 composites increase with increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics.     

Bulk nanocrystalline Al prepared by cryomilling

Bulk nanocrystalline Al was fabricated by mechanically milling at cryogenic temperature (cryomilling) and then by hot pressing in vacuum. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure evolution of the material during cryomilling and consolidation was investigated. With increasing the mill- ing time, the grain size decreased sharply and reduced to 42 nm when cryomilled for 12 h. The grains had grown up, and the colum- nar grain was formed under the hot pressing and extrusion compared with the cryomilled powders. The grain size of as-extruded specimen was approximately 300-500 nm. The reason of high thermal stability of this bulk was attributed primarily to the Zener pin- ning from the grain boundary of the AlN arising from cryomilling and the solute drag of the impurity. Tensile tests show that the strength of nanocrystalline Al is enhanced with decreasing grain size. The ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation were 173 MPa and 17.5%, respectively. It appears that the measured high strength in the cryomilled Al is related to a grain-size effect, disper- sion strengthening, and dislocation strengthening.     

NiAl金属间化合物纳米晶的制备及特性

采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了ＮｉＡｌ金属间化合物，对合成的ＮｉＡｌ粉末进行高能球磨处理。Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射分析表明：长时高能球磨处理后的ＮｉＡｌ粉末，其晶粒度显著减小，处理２００ｈ后，可获得晶粒尺度为３ｎｍ的ＮｉＡｌ纳米晶粉，这种纳米粉的显微硬度和比热与未处理的ＮｉＡｌ粉末相比有较大幅度的提高。     

Nanocrystallization of Cementite in 0.4C-1Cr Steel During High-Power Surface Processing

The microstructures of the nanocrystalline surface layer of a quenched and high temperature tempered 0. 4C- 1Cr steel induced by high-power surface processing （HPSP） technique were characterized by scan- ning eleetron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that a nanocrystalline layer was fabricated on the surface of the steel 19 using HPSP treatment. The mean grain size in the surface layer is about 11 nm. The nanocrystallization of cementite is prior to that of the matrix phase, ferrite.     

Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3织构化陶瓷制备与表征

采用凝固法制备出各向异性的片状钛酸钡作为模板,利用模板晶粒生长(TGG)法制备出Na0.5K0.5NbO3(NKN)织构化陶瓷.研究了NKN织构化陶瓷的工艺、组织和性能.研究结果表明,钛酸钡可以作为NKN陶瓷的模板,在陶瓷烧结过程中诱导NKN晶粒的生长,模板的取向决定了NKN陶瓷晶粒取向,随着烧结温度的升高陶瓷的压电性能(d33)达到69 pC/N,在合理的烧结工艺下得到了取向比较明显的织构化陶瓷.