A parameter-free upwind scheme for all speeds’ simulations

With the rapid development of the computational fluid dynamics(CFD),a parameter-free upwind scheme capable of simulating all speeds accurately and efficiently is in high demand.To achieve this goal,we present a new upwind scheme called AUSMPWM in this paper.This scheme computes the numerical mass flux as the AUSMPW+and computes the interfacial sound speed in a different way.Also,it computes the pressure flux by limiting the dissipation if the Mach number is less than 1.Series of numerical experiments show that AUSMPWM can satisfy the following attractive properties independent of any tuning coefficient:(1)Robustness against the shock anomaly and high discontinuity’s resolution;(2)high accuracy on hypersonic heating prediction and capability to give smooth reproductions of heating profiles;(3)low dissipation at low speeds;and(4)strong grid,reconstruction scheme,and Mach number independence in low speeds’simulations.These properties suggest that AUSMPWM is promising to be widely used to accurately and efficiently simulate flows of all speeds.     

A high-order multidimensional gas-kinetic scheme for hydrodynamic equations

This paper concerns the development of high-order multidimensional gas kinetic schemes for the Navier-Stokes solutions.In the current approach,the state-of-the-art WENO-type initial reconstruction and the gas-kinetic evolution model are used in the construction of the scheme.In order to distinguish the physical and numerical requirements to recover a physical solution in a discretized space,two particle collision times will be used in the current high-order gas-kinetic scheme(GKS).Different from the low order gas dynamic model of the Riemann solution in the Godunov type schemes,the current method is based on a high-order multidimensional gas evolution model,where the space and time variation of a gas distribution function along a cell interface from an initial piecewise discontinuous polynomial is fully used in the flux evaluation.The high-order flux function becomes a unification of the upwind and central difference schemes.The current study demonstrates that both the high-order initial reconstruction and high-order gas evolution model are important in the design of a high-order numerical scheme.Especially,for a compact method,the use of a high-order local evolution solution in both space and time may become even more important,because a short stencil and local low order dynamic evolution model,i.e.,the Riemann solution,are contradictory,where valid mechanism for the update of additional degrees of freedom becomes limited.     

Convertible Proxy Signcryption Scheme

In 1996, Mambo et al introduced the concept of proxy signature. However, proxy signature can only provide the delegated authenticity and cannot provide confidentiality. Recently, Gamage et al and Chart and Wei proposed different proxy signcryption schemes respectively, which extended the concept of proxy signature.However, only the specified receiver can decrypt and verify the validity of proxy signcryption in their schemes.To protect the receiver‘ s benefit in case of a later dispute, Wu and Hsu proposed a convertible authenticated encryption scheme, which can enable the receiver to convert signature into an ordinary one that can be verified by anyone. Based on Wu and Hsu‘ s scheme and improved Kim‘ s scheme, we propose a convertible proxy signcryption scheme. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the intractability of reversing the one-way hash function and solving the discrete logarithm problem. The proposed scheme can satisfy all properties of strong proxy signature and withstand the public key substitution attack and does not use secure channel. In addition, the proposed scheme can be extended to convertible threshold proxy signcryption scheme.     

Recent developments on applications of sequential loop closing and diagonal dominance control schemes to industrial multivariable system

With a focus on an industrial multivariable system, two subsystems including the flow and the level outputs are analysed and controlled, which have applicability in both real and academic environments. In such a case, at first, each subsystem is distinctively represented by its model, since the outcomes point out that the chosen models have the same behavior as corresponding ones. Then, the industrial multivariable system and its presentation are achieved in line with the integration of these subsystems, since the interaction between them can not actually be ignored. To analyze the interaction presented, the Gershgorin bands need to be acquired, where the results are used to modify the system parameters to appropriate values. Subsequently, in the view of modeling results, the control concept in two different techniques including sequential loop closing control （SLCC） scheme and diagonal dominance control （DDC） schemes is proposed to implement on the system through the Profibus network, as long as the OPC （OLE for process control） server is utilized to communicate between the control schemes presented and the multivariable system. The real test scenarios are carried out and the corresponding outcomes in their present forms are acquired. In the same way, the proposed control schemes results are compared with each other, where the real consequences verify the validity of them in the field of the presented industrial multivariable system control.     

Influence of obstacle-produced turbulence on development of premixed flames

An investigation into influence of obstructions on premixed flame propagation has been carried out in a semi-open tube. It is found that there exists flame acceleration and rising overpressure along the path of flame due to obstacles. According to the magnitude of flame speeds, the propagation of flame in the tube can be classified into three regimes: the quenching, the choking and the detonation regimes. In premixed flames near the flammability limits, the flame is observed first to accelerate and then to quench itself after propagating past a certain number of obstacles. In the choking regime, the maximum flame speeds are somewhat below the combustion product sound speeds, and insensitive to the blockage ratio. In the more sensitive mixtures, the transition to detonation (DDT) occurs when the equivalence ratio increases. The transition is not observed for the less sensitive mixtures. The dependence of overpressure on blockage ratio is not monotonous. Furthermore, a numerical study of flame acceleration     

A structural health assessment method for shield tunnels based on torsional wave speed

Following recent rapid developments in tunnel engineering in China,the heavy structural maintenance work of the future is likely to pose a great challenge.Newly developed vibration-based health assessment and monitoring methods offer good prospects for large-scale structural monitoring,hidden surface detection and disease pre-judgment.However,because the dynamic properties of tunnels are sensitive to the coupling and damping effects of the surrounding soil,there is little relevant research on tunnel structures.Using the PiP(pipe in pipe)model,the intrinsic tunnel modes and their response characteristics are investigated in this paper,and the degree to which the identification of these characteristics is influenced by mode superposition and the soil coupling effect are also considered.The response features of these flexible wave modes are found to be barely recognizable in a tunnel-soil coupled system,while the phase velocity of the torsional wave can be determined by combining phase spectrum analysis and the HHT(Hilbert-Huang transformation)method.A new structural health assessment method based on the torsional wave speed is therefore proposed.In this method,the torsional wave speed is used to determine the tunnel structure’s global stiffness based on a newly developed dispersion algorithm.The calculated stiffness is then used to evaluate the tunnel’s structural service status.A field test was also carried out at a newly built tunnel to validate the proposed method;the tunnel structure’s Young’s modulus was obtained and was very close to the designed value.This indicates that this method is an effective way to assess tunnel service conditions,and also provides a theoretical basis for future applications to health assessment of shield tunnels.     

Log Likelihood Ratio-Based Relaying for Distributed Turbo Codes

A distributed turbo codes(DTC) scheme with log likelihood ratio (LLR)-based threshold at the relay for a two-hop relay networks is proposed.Different from traditional DTC schemes,the retransmission scheme at the relay,where imperfect decoding occurs,is considered in the proposed scheme.By employing a LLR-based threshold at the relay in the proposed scheme,the reliability of decoder-LLRs can be measured.As a result,only reliable symbols will be forwarded to the destination and a maximum ratio combiner (MRC) is used to combine signals received from both the source and the relay.In order to obtain the optimal threshold at the relay,an equivalent model of decoderLLRs is investigated,so as to derive the expression of the bit error probability (BEP) of the proposed scheme under binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate error propagation at the relay and also outperforms other existing methods.     

Normal transmitting boundary conditions

The multi-transmitting formula (MTF) governed by a single artificial speed is analytically developed into a generalized MTF governed by a few artificial speeds to improve its capacity in simultaneous simulation of several one-way waves propagating at different speeds.The generalized MTF is then discretized and further generalized using the space extrapolation to improve its accuracies in numerical simulation of transient waves at large angles of incidence.The above two successive generalizitions of MTF based on the notion of normal transmission lead to a compact formula of local non-reflecting boundary condition.The formula not only provides a general representation of the major schemes of existing local boundary conditions but can be used to generate new schemes,which combine advantages of different schemes.     

Low frequency wide bandwidth MEMS energy harvester based on spiral-shaped PVDF cantilever

In this paper,a piezoelectric energy harvester based on spiral-shaped polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)cantilever is designed and fabricated for harvesting low frequency vibration energy in the environment.In this design,the spiral-shaped PVDF cantilever is major for lowering the resonant frequency by increasing the length of the cantilever;Copper and silicon proof masses on both sides are working on further decreasing the resonant frequency and widen its bandwidth.Due to the high flexibility of the PVDF cantilever,this device is extremely sensitive to vibration and can harvest weak vibration energy.Both simulation and experimental results have approved that this device can operate at very low frequency which is about 20 Hz and can effectively harvest energy from 15–50 Hz.The peak of the output voltage can reach 1.8 V with the acceleration of 0.2 g.This is a promising harvester for powering the wireless sensors in the future.     

Fault component integrated impedance-based pilot protection scheme for EHV/UHV transmission line with thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC) and controllable shunt reactor(CSR)

This paper analyzes the fundamental frequency impedance characteristic of a thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC) and presents a novel transmission line pilot protection scheme based on fault component integrated impedance(FCII) calculated for a transmission line with TCSC and controllable shunt reactor(CSR).The FCII is defined as the ratio of the sum of the fault component voltage phasors of a transmission line with TCSC and CSR to the sum of the fault component current phasors where all the phasors are determined at both line’s terminals.It can be used to distinguish internal faults occurring on the line from external ones.If the fault is an external one the FCII reflects the line’s capacitive impedance and has large value.If the fault is an internal one on the line the FCII reflects the impedance of the equivalent system and the line and is relatively small.The new pilot protection scheme can be easily set and has the fault phase selection ability and also it is not affected by the capacitive current and the fault transition resistance.It is not sensitive to compensation level and dynamics of TCSC and CSR.The effectiveness of the new scheme is validated against data obtained in ATP simulations and Northwest China 750 kV Project.     

Pilot Contamination Elimination in Massive MIMO Systems with an Improved Time-Shifted Scheme

Pilot contamination can bring up a grave impairment in the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. In this paper, an improved time-shifted pilot scheme is proposed to reduce the pilot contamination, where orthogonal pilots are employed in the same group to eliminate the residual intra-group interference existing in the original time-shifted pilot scheme. Meanwhile, the rigorous closed-form expressions of both downlink and uplink transmission rates with a finite number of antennas are derived, and it is shown that the intra-group interference can be completely eliminated by the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that both downlink and uplink transmission rates are significantly improved by employing the proposed scheme.     

New scheme of dynamic traitor tracing against the immediate rebroadcast attack

Traitor tracing schemes are introduced to combat the piracy scenarios. The notation of dynamic traitor tracing is proposed by Fiat and Tassa,which fights against rebroadcast of decrypted content. In this paper,using the idea of searching user address level by level,a new dynamic traitor tracing scheme based on a multilevel structure of user set is constructed. The scheme proposed can efficiently combat with the immediate rebroadcast attack,and possesses lower tracing complexity. Importantly,the tracing scheme can be applicable to systems with different sizes of subscriber sets.     

Comparison of Three Schemes for Intermediate Data Rate Frame Synchronization

Based on the frame structure of intermediate data rate （IDR） modem for satellite communication, a new method for searching frame synchronization called group frame synchronization is proposed. At the same time, a candidate scheme in the classical frame synchronization and two candidate schemes in the group frame synchronization are presented, and the circuits for each scheme are designed in order to abstract the frame alignment signals from received data. Their implementation complexity and performances are also computed and given. Based on the analysis and performance comparison, a reasonable scheme is chosen and then verified through software simulation and hardware impletentation.     

A case study of gas drainage to low permeability coal seam

Gas drainage at low gas permeability coal seam is a main barrier affecting safety and efficient production in coal mines. Therefore, the research and application of drainage technology at low permeability coal seam is a key factor for gas control of coal mine. In order to improve the drainage effect, this paper establishes a three-dimensional solid-gas-liquid coupling numerical model, and the gas drainage amounts of different schemes are examined inside the overburden material around the goaf. The Yangquan mine area is selected for the case study, and the gas movement regularity and emission characteristics are analyzed in detail, as well as the stress and fissure variation regularity. Also examinations are the released gas movement, enrichment range and movement regularity during coal extraction. Moreover, the gas drainage technology and drainage parameters for the current coal seam are studied. After measuring the gas drainage flow in-situ, it is concluded that the technology can achieve notable drainage results, with gas drainage rate increase by 30%–40% in a low permeability coal seam.     

Implementation strategies for high accuracy grinding of hydrodynamic seal ring with wavy face for reactor coolant pumps

Large size mechanical seals are one of the most important components used in reactor coolant pumps.However,the hydrodynamic seal rings with wavy face are difficult to machine due to their high hardness and high form accuracy demand.In order to solve this difficult problem,a novel four-axis linkage grinding method using a cup wheel to process the hydrodynamic seal rings by line contact was proposed.A preliminary study indicates that the form error of the ground seal ring surface is extremely sensitive to different linkage relations of the four axes.By taking the center height of the cup wheel and the laws of motion along the X-axis,Z-axis,B-axis and C-axis as control variables,their effects on the principle form error of the ground surface are evaluated.Six implementation strategies are proposed to reach lower principle form errors.It is found that the minimal principle form error is only 9.64 nm and hence its influence on the ground seal ring shape can be neglected in designing an ultra-precision grinding machine.In addition,the results indicate that the position accuracy of the X-axis at the microscale is acceptable no matter which implementation strategy is selected.This study is expected to serve as a theoretical basis for design and development of the four-axis ultra-precision grinding machine.     

Noise behaviors of a closed-loop micro-electromechanical system capacitive accelerometer

The noise of closed loop micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) capacitive accelerometer is treated as one of the significant performance specifications.Traditional optimization of noise performance often focuses on designing large capacitive sensitivity accelerometer and applying closed loop structure to shape total noise,but different noise sources in closed loop and their behaviors at low frequencies are seldom carefully studied,especially their behaviors with different electronic parameters.In this work,a thorough noise analysis is established focusing on the four noise sources transfer functions near 0 Hz with simplified electronic parameters in closed loop,and it is found that the total electronic noise equivalent acceleration varies differently at different frequency points,such that the noise spectrum shape at low frequencies can be altered from 1/f noise-like shape to flat spectrum shape.The bias instability changes as a consequence.With appropriate parameters settings,the 670 Hz resonant frequency accelerometer can reach resolution of 2.6 μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 6 μg bias instability,and 1300 Hz accelerometer can achieve 5μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 31 μg bias instability.Both accelerometers have flat spectrum profile from 2 Hz to 15 Hz.     

Modelling of dynamic recrystallization kinetics of 300M steel at high strain rates during hot deformation

The flow curves of 300M steel exhibit a transition from stress peak presence to stress peak absence as the strain rate increases. It is difficult to establish dynamic recrystallization(DRX) kinetics models suitable for strain rates where there are no stress peaks in the flow curves using the existing Avrami equation, and the optimal processing parameters for forging can be scarcely acquired.In this study, the high-temperature flow and DRX behavior of 300M steel are investigated by performing isothermal compression tests at temperatures between 1173–1423K with strain rates between 0.001–50 s~(-1). Distinct stress peaks can be found in the flow curves at low strain rates, and the average grain size decreases with the increase in the strain rate at the same temperature. The DRX mechanism is a discontinuous DRX, and the grain boundary migration plays an important role in the DRX process. In contrast, no stress peak is observed in the flow curves at high strain rates, and the average grain size no longer decreases with the strain rate increase at the same temperature. The DRX mechanism in this case is a continuous DRX. The demarcated strain rate is calculated based on the characteristics of the obtained flow curves and grain sizes. The recrystallization volume fraction model and prediction grain size model at high strain rates are established. In combination with the existing DRX kinetics models at low strain rates, the processing parameters can be optimized to produce components with excellent mechanical properties.     

The Second Development Method and Application Based on Ansys in Advanced Digital Manufacturing

The computer aided engineering is aiming at the numerical simulation-the important link in the advanced digital manufacturing.Its second development based on Ansys platform can be carried out often.In common,the Visual Basic and APDL are important development tools and are applied in the product design at the same time.In the paper,the secondary development flow and method based on Ansys is described.The parameter design and analysis process of the bridge girder erecting equipment is carried on with Ansys software and its secondary development tools—APDL and Visual Basics,including the interact between the mode of Ansys batch solving and Visual Basic.The method speeds up design and enhances the product the quality and the perfor- mance.     

Investigation on the Effect of the Tension Degree of Tracks on the Adsorption Performance of Tracked Wall Climbing Robot

In this paper, a new tracked wall climbing robot with permanent magnetic units is designed, and the tension degree of robot’s tracks is found to have a significant impact on the robot’s adsorption performance. This tracked wall climbing robot is a remotely controlled robot. All the control devices can be installed on the robot body. All the permanent magnetic units are arranged on the light track. In order to illustrate the relationship between the tension degree and the adsorption performance, ...     

Micro-Scanning Error Correction Technique for an Optical Micro-Scanning Thermal Microscope Imaging System

An error correction technique for the micro-scanning instrument of the optical micro-scanning thermal microscope imaging system is proposed. The technique is based on micro-scanning technology combined with the proposed second-order oversampling reconstruction algorithm and local gradient image reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, we describe the local gradient image reconstruction model, the error correction technique, down-sampling model and the error correction principle. In this paper, we use a Lena original image and four low-resolution images obtained from the standard half-pixel displacement to simulate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, two groups of low-resolution thermal microscope images are collected by the actual thermal microscope imaging system for experimental study. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed technique can reduce the optical micro-scanning errors, improve the imaging effect of the system and improve the system''s spatial resolution. It can be applied to other electro-optical imaging systems to improve their resolution.