空气弹簧液压悬置动特性及隔振特性研究

研究了具有可变刚度阻尼的发动机空气弹簧液压悬置的动特性和隔振特性。针对影响发动机空气弹簧液压悬置动特性的关键参数上液室等效体积刚度,采用理论和试验方法研究了上液室等效体积刚度的等效值,基于该等效值建立了空气弹簧液压悬置的理论模型,对空气腔开闭两种工况进行了空气弹簧液压悬置动特性的仿真和试验研究。搭建了发动机空气弹簧液压悬置系统试验台架,研究了台架各种激励频率下的空气弹簧液压悬置的隔振特性。结果表明:本研究采用的上液室等效体积刚度进行空气弹簧进行建模是正确、可行的,提高了空气弹簧建模效率和准确性;空气弹簧液压悬置在空气腔开启和关闭两种状态下,峰值动刚度增大幅值达78.5%,峰值阻尼角增大幅值达250%。台架试验表明:当台架激励频率小于25Hz时,悬置采用大刚度大阻尼;当台架激励频率大于等于25 Hz时,悬置采用小刚度小阻尼;悬置隔振率提升明显,不同频率下提升幅值达10%～67%。     

Magneto-rheological engine mount design and experimental characterization

Isolation mounts using magneto-rheological (MR) fluid have increasing potential for various applications. This paper introduces new design and manufacturing aspects of MR engine mounts. CAD software was used to design MR mounts and three different types of MR mount prototypes were considered. Later, magnetostatic analyses were performed to validate the designed configuration of the electromagnetic coil, which controlled the MR fluid flow. The MR mounts were manufactured and, then, tested statically and dynamically using a servo-hydraulic rate machine. Static tests were performed with amplitudes between 0–10 mm. Dynamic tests were performed under excitation frequencies in between 0–100 Hz with amplitudes of ±0.1 mm, ±0.5 mm, ±1.0 mm and ±2.0 mm as well as under excitation frequencies in between 0–20 Hz with amplitudes of ±3.0 mm, ±4.0 mm. Besides the MR mounts, hydro mount and elastomeric top were tested adopting the same procedure. The finding of different mount properties was explained and MR mount characteristics in frequency domain were demonstrated. In addition, the measured characteristics were compared with each other for hydraulic mount and elastomeric top.     

汽车动力总成液压悬置的研究发展

动力总成液压悬置是非线性很强的隔振元件,其动特性随发动机的激励频率和振幅的改变而改变.重点介绍了液压悬置主要是被动液压悬置的基本结构,以及研究液压悬置的方法及近年国内外研究工作者的研究成果,并简要介绍了液压悬置设计的一些概念.     

发动机液压悬置动态特性研究分析

分析了发动机液压悬置的基本结构和特性。通过实验测试了某车动力总成液压悬置的动刚度和阻尼特性。建立了液压悬置的集总参数的力学和数学模型,并利用ADAMS软件建立了液-固耦合的分析模型。对液压悬置的动态特性进行了仿真分析,并将仿真结果与实测结果进行对比分析。对比分析结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果比较吻合,验证了模型的实用性和可信性。     

基于键合图理论的发动机悬置隔振特性仿真分析

应用键合图理论,结合Simulink仿真程序,对国产某轿车半主动控制液压悬置进行仿真分析,并用实验验证。结果表明,通过对该悬置系统实施半主动控制,即在其工作状态下调节悬置内节流孔的开度,可以有效地改变悬置系统的动态特性。在振动的低频段内,尤其是在发动机怠速运转的激振频率点附近,可以对悬置系统的动特性进行适应性的调节和控制。实施控制后的液压悬置动特性能够满足悬置系统理想动特性的要求,从而可以降低并迅速衰减汽车怠速运转时发动机的振动,提高汽车的舒适性。     

车辆发动机悬架系统现状与进展

理想的发动机悬架系统应隔离发动机工作转速范围内由发动机干扰力所引起的发动机振动，并阻止由冲击而激起的发动机弹跳，这意味着发动机悬架的动态刚度和阻尼是与频率和振幅有关的，改善依赖于频率和振幅特性的动态刚度与阻尼是发动机悬架系统发展的关键所在。传统的弹性悬架不能满足所有的要求，它仅能在静偏转和隔振之间进行折衷，特别在低频域，被动的液压悬架能比弹性悬架提供更好的特性，通常半主动技术，由于其可调性而被用来进一步改善液压悬架的特性，为了隔振、低频时主动发动机悬架系统非常硬，而在高频域内被调整的非常软，主动的发动机悬架已被认为是发动机悬架的新一代，发动机悬架系统的优化是相当可取的，但发动机悬架的优化工作出现一些局限性，文中综述国内，外发动机悬架技术的现状与进展。     

Optimal design of nonlinear hydraulic engine mount

This paper shows that the performance of a nonlinear fluid engine mount can be improved by an optimal design process The property of a hydraulic mount with inertia track and decouplen differs according to the disturbance frequency range. Since the excitation amplitude is large at low excitation frequency range and is small at high excitation frequency range, mathematical model of the mount can be divided into two linear models One is a low frequency model and the other is a high frequency model The combination of the two models is very useful in the analysis of the mount and is used for the first time in the optimization of an engine mount in this paper Normally, the design of a fluid mount is based on a trial and error approach in industry because there are many design parameters In this study, a nonlinear mount was optimized to minimize the transmissibilities of the mount at the notch and the resonance frequencies for low and high-frequency models by a popular optimization technique of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) supported by MATLAB^(r) subroutine. The results show that the performance of the mount can be greatly improved for the low and high frequencies ranges by the optimization method     

发动机半主动控制液力悬置动特性仿真研究

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.笔者基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立力学模型和数学模型,进行动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析液力悬置的结构参数和液力参数对其动态特性的影响.进行液力悬置的台架试验,确定较可行的惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律,从而在较宽的频带内,达到良好的隔振效果.     

发动机半主动液力悬置动特性研究与开发

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立了力学模型和数学模型,进行了动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析了液力悬置的结构参数对其动态特性的影响.进行了液力悬置的台架试验,确定了惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律.由此设计开发了通道可调的惯性通道式液力悬置,从而在较宽频带内有效的达到了减振的目的.     

High frequency testing of rubber mounts

Rubber and fluid-filled rubber engine mounts are commonly used in automotive and aerospace applications to provide reduced cabin noise and vibration, and/or motion accommodations. In certain applications, the rubber mount may operate at frequencies as high as 5000 Hz. Therefore, dynamic stiffness of the mount needs to be known in this frequency range. Commercial high frequency test machines are practically nonexistent, and the best high frequency test machine on the market is only capable of frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. In this paper, a high frequency test machine is described that allows test engineers to study the high frequency performance of rubber mounts at frequencies up to 5000 Hz.     

Simulation Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Mount

At present,research on hydraulic mounts has mainly focused on the prediction of the dynamic stiffness and loss angle.Compared to the traditional finite element analysis method,the programming method can be used to analyze hydraulic mounts for a rapid and accurate understanding of the influence of the different mounting parameters on the dynamic stiffness and loss angle.The aims of this study were to investigate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a hydraulic mount,and to identify the parameters that affect the dynamic stiffness and loss angle using MATLAB software programs to obtain the influence curves of the parameters,so as to use suitable parameters as the basis for vibration analysis.A nonlinear mechanical model of a hydraulic mount was established according to the basic principles of fluid dynamics.The dynamic stiffness and loss angle of the dimensionless expression were proposed.A numerical calculation method for the dynamic performance evaluation index of the hydraulic mount was derived.A one-to-one correspondence was established between the structural parameters and peak frequency of the evalua-tion index.The accuracy and applicability of the mechanical model were verified by the test results.The results dem-onstrated the accuracy of the nonlinear mechanical model of the hydraulic mount,and the vehicle driving comfort was greatly improved by the optimization of the structural parameters.     

Decoupling analysis for a powertrain mounting system with a combination of hydraulic mounts

The existing torque roll axis(TRA) decoupling theories for a powertrain mounting system assume that the stiffness and viscous damping properties are constant. However, real-life mounts exhibit considerable spectrally varying stiffness and damping characteristics, and the influence of the spectrally-varying properties of the hydraulic mounts on the powertrain system cannot be ignored. To overcome the deficiency, an analytical quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount and the coupled properties of the powertrain and hydraulic mounts system are formulated. The influence of the hydraulic mounts on the TRA decoupling of a powertrain system is analytically examined in terms of eigensolutions, frequency, and impulse responses, and then a new analytical axiom is proposed based on the TRA decoupling indices. With the experimental setup of a fixed decoupler hydraulic mount in the context of non-resonant dynamic stiffness testing procedure, the quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount is verified by comparing the predictions with the measurement. And the quasi-linear formulation of the coupled system is also verified by comparing the frequency responses with the numerical results obtained by the direct inversion method. Finally, the mounting system with a combination of hydraulic mounts is redesigned in terms of the stiffness, damping and mount locations by satisfying the new axiom. The frequency and time domain results of the redesigned system demonstrate that the torque roll axis of the redesigned powertrain mounting system is indeed decoupled in the presence of hydraulic mounts (given oscillating torque or impulsive torque excitation). The proposed research provides an important basis and method for the research on a powertrain system with spectrally-varying mount properties, especially for the TRA decoupling.     

基于频响函数相关性的灵敏度分析的有限元模型修正

有限元模型的修正对机械结构的动态特性进行准确而可靠的预测是很重要的。利用试验测试和预测的有限元模型计算得到的频响函数（FRF），引入两种频响函数相关性的判定标准，提出基于频响相关函数的灵敏度分析的修正方程。数值实例研究结果表明，该方法利用少量的测量数据，即使测试数据含附加噪声，也可在很宽的频率范围内得到接近真实结构的有限元模型修正解。本文的方法可适用于大型复杂结构的模型修正。     

Practical identification of non-linear characteristics of elastomeric couplings in engine assemblies

In many engineering applications, the connection between a combustion engine and the load is often done using elastomeric materials. However, these couplings far from behaving in a linear way, show a complex behavior that sometimes is difficult to evaluate. In this sense, with the present work it is intended to develop an easy methodology to identify the coupling characteristics to validate dynamic models of engine assemblies with this kind of connections, as well as to identify possible malfunction or damage behavior in a future. The method is based on static and dynamic tests, non-linear models and techniques for parameter identification. The process has been applied using two different couplings, mounted on a single-cylinder diesel engine (DE) and a three-cylinder spark ignition engine (SIE). Results demonstrate the validity of the method for any kind of engine (DE or SIE) and number of cylinders.     

电流变液发动机悬置动特性分析及控制方法研究

对电流变液发动机悬置进行力学模型分析,推导复刚度与频率的函数关系式,对悬置的动态特性进行仿真分析.采用PD模糊控制方法对电流变液发动机悬置与车架的二自由度系统进行仿真控制.仿真分析结果说明采用PD模糊控制方法的电流变液发动机悬置的隔振性能较好.     

含液阻悬置振动系统的时域响应计算与优化方法

给出表征液阻悬置动态特性与激振频率相关性的5参数分数导数模型,模型中的5个参数具有明确的物理意义。以一个含有液阻悬置的2自由度振动系统为研究对象,以被支撑物体的垂直位移和侧倾角的时域响应为优化目标,对液阻悬置的动态特性进行优化。计算和试验结果表明,5参数分数导数模型能较好地表征液阻悬置动态特性的频率相关性,提出的基于控制系统方框图的时域分析方法,可以用于含有液阻悬置振动系统的动态响应分析和对液阻悬置的动态特性进行优化。     

键合图理论在发动机电流变液力悬置中的应用

针对发动机宽频振动的特性,设计开发了一种电流变液力悬置。对键合图理论和电流变液力悬置结构进行了介绍,结合悬置的力学模型,建立了电流变液力悬置的键合图模型,并对模型分析得到状态方程。利用Adams 软件进行仿真分析,比较得出电流变液力悬置比普通液力悬置的隔振性能的优越之处。     

钟板对液压悬置特性的影响

为揭示钟板数量对液压悬置特性影响,首先,根据液压悬置结构搭建解耦膜、节流盘以及新节流盘液压悬置数学模型,同时分析钟板数量对液压悬置动态特性影响;其次,在高低频状态分析钟板数量对惯性通道、解耦膜通道流量以及上腔压力响应的影响;最后,分析节流盘和新节流盘液压悬置在钟板处的流量和压力响应。计算表明:低频时3种液压悬置的动态特性几乎相同,随着钟板数量增加悬置动态刚度和滞后角略有减小;在节流盘液压悬置的基础上增加钟板不影响解耦膜通道流量和上腔压力响应,但影响悬置的刚度和滞后角。     

微位移控制液压系统建模与模型辨识

为实现微米级别位移控制,采用伺服驱动器、交流永磁同步电动机和位移放大液压缸代替传统伺服阀和泵源,利用位移放大液压缸与执行液压缸的有效面积比,对执行液压缸进行精确定位。针对其液压系统进行数学建模,讨论液压油弹性模量、油液黏度、蓄能器压力与体积等变量对系统动态性能的影响。建立微位移控制系统AMEsim仿真模型,仿真结果表明：液压油弹性模量越大,系统响应越快;油液黏度越大,系统响应越慢;蓄能器压力与体积对系统响应影响微小,仿真结果与数学模型预测相符。设计试验台并在试验台进行液压系统开环扫频特性试验,使用Matlab辨识工具箱对系统试验数据进行模型辨识,辨识结果表明：二阶系统与试验数据的吻合度较高,与数学模型预测相符。基于辨识模型设计的PD控制器在微位移控制综合平台上得到了应用,位置控制偏差范围为-2~1.7 μm。     

基于磁流变技术的发动机隔振控制

悬置阻尼和刚度可调对发动机在宽频范围内实现积极隔振具有重要意义.在建立发动机3自由度隔振模型基础上,提出用可调阻尼的磁流变阻尼器和可调刚度的磁流变弹性体构成磁流变并联悬置系统,以降低发动机对基座的垂向传递力和抑制横向动反力矩为目标,设计出用仿人智能思想在线修改参数的垂直隔振模糊自适应控制器,并对各磁流变并联悬置的刚度和阻尼进行协调控制.用Matlab对发动机整机隔振进行仿真,搭建出发动机隔振台架试验系统,在宽频激励条件下对不同悬置的隔振效果进行对比研究.仿真表明基于磁流变并联悬置的发动机隔振控制具有明显的优势,台架试验结果表明相对于橡胶和液压悬置,磁流变液悬置能在较宽频范围把力和力矩的绝对传递率降低到约30%以内,可提高乘坐舒适性.