纳米润滑油添加剂技术的研究进展

物理、化学性质特殊的纳米粒子在摩擦学领域引起了人们极大的兴趣,本文主要从纳米润滑油添加剂的结构与特性,摩擦学性能与润滑机理,纳米材料作为润滑油添加剂存在的问题及解决方法等几方面,介绍了纳米润滑油添加剂技术的研究进展,展望了纳米润滑油添加剂的发展前景,并指出了需要进一步深入研究的几个问题。     

稀土元素在润滑油添加剂中的应用

纳米稀土粒子具有优异的减摩抗磨性能、极高的承载能力和高温抗氧性能,是一种有很大潜在发展前景的润滑油添加剂。本文综述了纳米稀土粒子的制备方法和作为润滑油添加剂的应用进展、研究现状和各种纳米稀土的润滑机理。     

石墨烯的功能化修饰及作为润滑添加剂的应用研究进展

石墨烯优异的导热性能和减摩抗磨性能以及化学惰性,使其非常适合作为高性能、环保的润滑添加剂。石墨烯已成为潜在的高性能纳米润滑材料,但石墨烯难以稳定分散于水和润滑油中的特性,使其应用受限,因此必须对石墨烯进行可控功能化修饰。本文回顾了石墨烯功能化修饰的最新研究进展,主要包括共价键和非共价键功能化修饰。重点介绍了石墨烯作为油基润滑添加剂和水基润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨性能,及其润滑作用机理。同时指出了石墨烯的可控功能化修饰、石墨烯负载纳米粒子功能化以及其摩擦化学反应润滑机理等领域的研究值得关注。     

纳米粒子添加剂在润滑剂中的应用与开发

具有特殊的物理、化学性质的纳米粒子在摩擦学领域引起人们极大的兴趣,研究表明,纳米粒子添加剂具有优良的抗磨减摩性能。但目前含纳米粒子润滑剂的商业产品寥寥无几,这主要是由于纳米粒子在润滑剂中的分散性和稳定性问题还没得到很好解决,本文详细综述了纳米粒子在润滑油中的分散性及稳定性的研究现状,纳米粒子作为油品添加剂的应用与开发等问题。     

减摩抗磨类新型润滑油添加剂的研究进展

减摩抗磨类润滑油添加剂能提高基础润滑油的摩擦学性能使其在润滑领域具有广阔的应用前景,但是商用润滑油添加剂大多含有P、S等有害元素,因此,寻找更加环保、经济的润滑油添加剂具有重要意义。本文根据润滑油添加剂结构种类和润滑机理的不同,以及国内外各种润滑油添加剂在润滑方面的相关成果,综述了近年来纳米颗粒(纳米单质及其复合颗粒、纳米氧化物、纳米硫化物、纳米氮化物)、含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物、硼酸酯及其衍生物、离子液体等添加剂的合成方法以及在减摩抗磨方面的应用,并对其发展状况和减摩抗磨机理进行了探究。指出了其润滑机理主要为吸附膜机理、摩擦反应膜机理和滚珠机理。最后对其存在的问题进行分析,提出了当前润滑领域研究的热点和方向依然是复合添加剂的制备和机理探究。     

植物蜡基润滑添加剂研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了植物蜡质的相关内容，综述了植物蜡基润滑添加剂在3种不同摩擦副的摩擦学性能，归纳总结了植物蜡基润滑添加剂的抗磨减摩机理。针对目前植物蜡基润滑添加剂研究大多是在3种摩擦副抗磨减摩性能研究上的局限性，提出研究范围扩展到其他类型的摩擦副以及以四球机和环块试验机为实验的各种摩擦学性能参数上，同时对其针对润滑油基础油的抗氧化安定性、低温性等其他性能的影响及和其他润滑添加剂的配伍性、在适配其他基础油等方面的发展趋势做了预测。     

含铜微纳米粒子作为润滑添加剂的研究进展

综述了含铜微纳米粒子作为润滑添加剂的研究进展,着重从其分散稳定性、摩擦学性能、热稳定性及导电性能等方面进行了评述,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

纳米粒子作为润滑添加剂的性能研究

由于我国所需润滑产品的剧增以及人们环保意识的增强,传统润滑添加剂已不能满足现代工业发展的需要.对纳米润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能、经济性能以及环境危害性等方面进行了综合的分析,分析表明:加入了纳米添加剂的润滑油具有优异的摩擦学性能、良好的经济性能以及好的环境友好性.     

二硫化钼润滑添加剂摩擦学性能研究现状

二硫化钼是具有良好润滑性能的六方晶层状物质。概述了二硫化钼作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能。二硫化钼在润滑油及其它润滑介质中均表现出良好的抗磨减摩性能。     

碳酸钙在润滑脂中的应用

碳酸钙是一种重要的无机物，具有来源广泛、物美价廉的优点。润滑脂在工业发展中发挥着重要的作用，是机械设备正常运行的重要保障。碳酸钙作为钙类润滑脂的基础原料，可以制备出多种性能良好的润滑脂；作为润滑添加剂，碳酸钙纳米粒子具有良好的摩擦学性能，将其添加到润滑脂中，可以有效提高润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能；碳酸钙具有绿色价廉、填充性能优异的优点，将其作为润滑脂增容增重的填充剂，可以减少润滑脂原料的使用，有利于环境的保护。     

Frictional dependence of graphene and carbon nanotube in diamond-like carbon/ionic liquids hybrid films in vacuum

The use of graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) additives as lubricants has received considerable interest because of their excellent mechanical and frictional properties. Given their structural differences, both carbon nano-additives are expected to have different synergistic effects at various conditions (from boundary to mixed lubrication). For applications in space, the tribological properties of graphene and MWCNTs additives in diamond-like carbon/ionic liquids hybrid films in different lubricating states at high vacuum were compared. The wear surfaces, transfer films, wear debris, and microstructures of the hybrid films were analyzed via Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that MWCNTs and graphene present the different nano-scale tribological mechanisms and produce different lubricating effect on the hybrid films at different lubricating states.     

Study on the tribological properties of modified polyurethane material for water‐lubricated stern bearing

Polyurethane (PU) has been studied as alternative bearing material for marine water‐lubricated stern tube due to its excellent wear resistance, remarkable mechanical properties and so on. In this study, nine types of PU samples which are composed of different additives were prepared and tested in order to investigate their tribological properties under various working conditions. A pin‐on‐disc tribo‐tester was used to conduct tests. Then comparison analyses were conducted from three aspects, including the friction coefficient, wear mass loss, and the wear surface topography. The analysis results showed that: (1) the different additives as well as the mass fraction of these additives lead to significant difference in terms of tribological properties of PU; (2) the lubricating grease, as one of additives, improved the wear resistance and friction performance effectively; (3) modified PU is eligible to work as matrix because of satisfied mechanical properties and specific internal morphology. It is believed that understandings in this study are beneficial to the improvement of the tribological properties of PU and also provide the real practical basis for the studies of polymer materials which applied on water‐lubricated marine stern tube bearing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46305.     

Tribological properties of monolayer graphene oxide sheets as water-based lubricant additives

Application and tribological properties of graphene oxide (GO) monolayer sheets as additives in water-based lubricants were investigated. The lubricating fluids were applied to a sintered tungsten carbide ball and stainless steel flat plate. It was found that adding GO particles into water improved lubrication and provided a very low friction coefficient of approximately 0.05 with no obvious surface wear after 60,000 cycles of friction testing. GO adsorption occurred on the lubricated surfaces of both the ball and flat plate, suggesting GO sheets may behave as protective coatings.     

Tribological behaviors of polyurethane composites containing self‐lubricating microcapsules and reinforced by short carbon fibers

Self‐lubricating microcapsules containing methyl silicone oil as core materials, were prepared with poly(melamine‐formaldehyde) as shell material by in situ polymerization method. Combining with synergistic effect of the short carbon fibers (SCFs) which were systematically treated by liquid‐phase oxidation and chemical grafting, they were simultaneously adopted as reinforcing additives to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of polyurethane materials. The tribological behaviors and mechanical properties of the polyurethane composites have been investigated by a block‐on‐ring wear tester and electronic universal testing machine, respectively. The results indicate that the friction coefficient and wear rate of polyurethane composites without SCFs significantly decreased with increased self‐lubricating microcapsule concentration from 2.5 to 10 wt % due to the release of methyl silicone oil; meanwhile, the polyurethane composites filled with 10 wt % microcapsule and 15 wt % SCFs not only exhibited the lowest friction and wear behaviors, but also improved mechanical strength and thermal stability of polyurethane composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45331.     

高分散稳定纳米金刚石润滑油的制备及其摩擦学性能

为了改善纳米金刚石颗粒(NDPs)在抗磨液压油(AHO)中的分散性,制备了酸氧化?高温热处理的NDPs (T-NDPs),将其与添加剂(油胺、聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺T154和高碱值合成磺酸钙T106)混合后加入AHO中,制得含T-NDPs的AHO。用FESEM及Zeta电位仪、FT-IR和静态沉降法对其分散性进行表征,用四球摩擦磨损试验机、3D激光扫描显微镜和SEM/EDS对含T-NDPs的AHO的摩擦学性能和磨痕区域进行了分析。结果表明,酸氧化?高温热处理后,NDPs的平均粒径从270.2 nm降至153.5 nm,吸附添加剂后的T-NDPs的平均粒径为101.5 nm,添加剂可提高T-NDPs的油溶性并抑制其团聚,因而含T-NDPs的AHO具有良好的分散稳定性;T-NDPs含量为0.04wt%时,AHO的摩擦系数和磨斑直径比不加T-NDPs时分别降低13.2%和17.8%;T-NDPs作为润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨功效归因于其在摩擦界面起到支撑和滚动轴承的作用及在摩擦副表面参与润滑膜形成。     

Tribological properties of Si3N4–graphene nanocomposites

Mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites with silicon nitride matrix with addition of 1 and 3 wt% of various types of graphene platelets were studied. The wear behavior was observed by means of the ball-on-disk technique with a silicon nitride ball used as the tribological counterpart at room temperature in dry sliding. Coefficient of friction and specific wear rates were calculated and related to the damage mechanisms observed in the wear tracks. The measured properties were then assessed with respect to the type and volume fraction of the graphene additives. It is shown that addition of such amounts of carbon phases does not lower the coefficient of friction. Graphene platelets seem to be integrated into the matrix very strongly and they do not participate in lubricating processes. The best performance offers materials with 3 wt% of larger sized graphene, which have the highest wear resistance.     

Preparation and performance of novel lubricating oil additives derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Three 2-dialkylaminomethylthiobenzhthiazoles were prepared, and their thermal stability, corrosion-inhibiting and lubricating characteristics as additives in lubricating oil were evaluated. The novel additives possess higher load-carrying capacity and better lubricating property.     

重载车辆润滑脂流变及润滑特性对比分析

考察了四种重载车辆润滑脂的流变学性能和摩擦学性能,分析了基础油的种类和粘度、稠化剂的种类和含量以及增粘剂等参数在不同温度下对润滑脂流变学性能的影响;使用流变仪的"三板球"测试组件对四种润滑脂摩擦学性能进行测试,考察不同压力和速度下润滑脂摩擦系数的变化情况。结果表明:在流变学测试中,LX-4和LX-2润滑脂表现出了较好的高温性能,说明这两种润滑脂在高温密封性能和高温粘附性上表现优异,其中LX-4在高低温范围都显示出优良的润滑性能。在摩擦学测试中,LX-2润滑脂表现出较低的摩擦系数,特别是在50 N高压区,LX-2表现出更容易进入薄膜润滑区,润滑膜形成更加容易,摩擦系数下降较快。