凝胶注模成型法制备PZT压电陶瓷

本文研究了凝胶注模成型法制备PZT陶瓷工艺.分别单因素分析了pH值、搅拌时间、分散剂的用量及固相体积含量对PZT陶瓷浆料粘度的影响,并对该工艺不同固相含量的陶瓷样品以及传统模压成型工艺制备的样品进行了电学性能测定.实验表明当pH值等于12,搅拌时间为15 min,分散剂的质量分数为0.1％时,浆料的流变性最佳,当固相含量为52.5vol％时,粘度为249 mPa·s,陶瓷样品的电学性能最佳,此样品可以达到传统模压成型法制备的PZT陶瓷所具有的电学性能.     

凝胶注模成型制备BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的电学性能

讨论了用凝胶注模成型制备BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的过程。本实验以化学式为BaNd2Ti5O14的介电陶瓷为固相粉末,以丙烯酰胺(MBAM)为凝胶有机单体,用传统球磨的方法制备出了高固相、低粘度的陶瓷浆料(浓悬浮体);采用正交实验设计法,优化出生坯密度最大的配方。分析了凝胶注模成型与干压成型制备的BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷的体积密度、结构均匀性以及电学性能不同的原因。结果表明:凝胶注模成型制备的BaNd2Ti5O14介电陶瓷具有体积密度高、结构均匀的特点。合理使用凝胶注模成型工艺可以提高陶瓷介电常数、降低介质损耗。     

凝胶注模成型制备大尺寸臭氧发生器陶瓷基板

讨论了用凝胶注模成型制备大尺寸臭氧发生器陶瓷基板的过程。本实验以化学式为Ba（Sm，Nd）2Ti5O14的介电陶瓷为固相粉末．以丙烯酰胺（MBAM）为凝胶有机单体，用传统球磨的方法制备出了高固相、低粘度的陶瓷浆料（浓悬浮体）。分析了凝胶注模成型与干压成型制备的Ba（Sm，Nd）2Ti5O14陶瓷基板的体积密度、结构均匀性以及电学性能不同的原因。结果表明：凝胶注模成型制备的Ba（Sm，Nd）2Ti5O14陶瓷基板具有体积密度商、结构均匀的特点。合理使用凝胶注模成型工艺可以提高陶瓷介电常数、抗电强度和降低介质损耗。     

反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅凝胶注模成形工艺的研究

以碳化硼颗粒为增强相,采用凝胶注模成形工艺制备反应烧结B_4C/SiC复合材料。通过对低粘度、高固相含量碳化硼、炭黑和碳化硅浆料的制备技术以及凝胶注模成形工艺参数的研究,制备出了结构均匀、致密度高的反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅复合陶瓷。并分析了碳化硼、炭黑和碳化硅料浆制备过程中不同碳化硅颗粒级配、碳化硼含量和碳化硼颗粒大小、球磨时间、料浆pH值、固相含量对料浆粘度的影响。     

氧化硅凝胶注模成形技术研究

研究了分散剂的种类、用量、料浆pH值、球磨时间、有机单体含量等因素对氧化硅料浆性能的影响,制备出固相体积分数达42vol%,流变性能够满足凝胶注模工艺要求的二氧化硅料浆,并成功制备了复杂形状的二氧化硅坯体。对凝胶注模成形二氧化硅坯体低温烧结技术进行了研究,提出了素烧、浸渍工艺,有效地降低了二氧化硅坯体的烧成温度。实验表明:二氧化硅凝胶注模成形坯体在1200℃素烧,冷却后浸渍硅溶液,可在1300℃烧结。     

凝胶注模法制备多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷

采用凝胶注模法制备了多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷,探讨了制备工艺对陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,以柠檬酸三铵C6H17O7N3为分散剂,最佳加入量(以粉料质量计算)为2%,最佳的球磨时间为5 h,球磨时最佳的水/粉料的质量比为1.5∶1,球磨时的最佳pH值为10,在1 200℃下烧成了HA多孔陶瓷。单体浓度10%的样品在1 200℃下2 h烧成的陶瓷,开孔率为39.87%,抗压强度为83.60 MPa,抗折强度为0.059 2 MPa;单体浓度15%的样品在1 200℃下3 h烧成的陶瓷,开孔率为39.59%,抗压强度为83.92 MPa,抗折强度为0.062 6 MPa。     

PZT压电陶瓷浆料注凝成型中的分散和聚合反应

为得到凝胶注模成型所需的高固相低粘度的锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷浆料,进行沉降试验和流变性实验,研究了分散剂柠檬酸三铵、浆料pH值和固相含量对浆料粘度的影响,实验结果表明其分散剂最佳用量为陶瓷粉体质量分数1.5%～2.0%、浆料最佳pH值为10.0左右。此时,可制备粘度小于1Pa·s,体积分数为50%适于凝胶注模的稳定锆钛酸铅浆料。研究了聚合反应的影响因素,结果表明浆料pH对聚合反应有一定的影响。     

分散剂在Al2O3陶瓷原位凝固成型中的应用

陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺是一种新颖的成型工艺，它将高分子化学单体聚合的思路引入到陶瓷的成型工艺中。通过加入分散剂制备了流动性较好的Al2O3浆料，用改性淀粉原位凝胶注模成型技术制备了具有较高强度和均匀性良好的氧化铝陶瓷坯体。研究了不同分散剂在制备低粘度高固相体积分数Al2O3浓悬浮体中的分散作用，并重点考察了添加不同分散剂的Al2O3浆料的粘度随pH值变化的趋势，对比了不同分散剂对Al2O3浆料的分散效果。     

水基凝胶注模成型PZT压电陶瓷的形变控制

采用凝胶注模成型工艺,在控制温度和湿度条件下制备出锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷.研究了凝胶体系化学成分对陶瓷大圆片形变的影响规律,并将其微观结构与干压成型工艺制备的陶瓷进行对比.结果表明,固定单体与交联剂比例,随单体浓度增加,凝胶时间不断减小,素坯变形率先减小后增大,单体浓度为210 g/L时,素坯变形率最小.在此单体浓度下,随单体与交联剂比例增大,凝胶时间不断减小,但素坯变形率变化不规律.固定单体与交联剂比例,引发剂用量较少时,素坯无法成型,而引发剂用量较大则导致素坯更大变形.这些复杂的形变变化均与凝胶网络结构形成的聚合及交联反应有关.在最佳单体浓度、单体与交联剂比例及引发剂用量条件下,通过高温低湿的干燥工艺,制备出直径约为180mm的无翘曲大面积PZT陶瓷.与干压成型工艺制备的PZT陶瓷相比,采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备的PZT陶瓷具有类似的微观结构及电学性能.通过工艺优化可将凝胶注模工艺用于制备无变形大面积压电陶瓷材料,以及特种换能器等声学器件.     

凝胶注模工艺成型氧化铝陶瓷的研究

采用凝胶注模工艺成型氧化铝陶瓷，讨论了凝胶注模工艺成型工艺条件及影响因素，通过FESEM等现代测试手段研究了坯体的显微结构与其性能之间的关系。 在凝胶注模成型的工艺过程中，主要研究了如何制得高固相体积含量、低粘度的浆料，讨论了分散剂的选用、含量、pH值、球磨时间及固相含量等对浆料流动性能的影响，研究得出浆料中固相含量为55％时，以聚甲基丙烯酸铵为分散剂，在pH=10时，可获得985mPa·s的低粘度浓悬浮液。分别选择低毒的有机单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和2-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯，研究了有机单体与交联剂的比例与含量对生坯抗弯强度的影响，引发剂与催化剂的加入量对固化速率的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.