超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的显微组织与磨损性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在H13钢基体上制备Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层,研究了涂层的显微组织、物相组成及摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了磨损机理。结果表明:Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层与H13钢基体结合紧密,厚度约为340μm;涂层由Cr_3C_2硬质相、NiCr黏结相及少量Cr7C3相组成,组织致密,孔隙率为0.63%;Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层与H13钢的稳定摩擦因数分别为0.90,0.75,涂层磨痕深度及磨损率仅为H13钢的1/2,涂层耐磨性能较好;Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

喷涂距离对等离子喷涂Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂方法制备Cr_3C_2-25NiCr高温耐磨涂层,采用XRD、SEM和万能试验机等对涂层的显微组织及性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,喷涂距离影响涂层的性能,喷涂距离为100mm时,工作涂层的最大厚度为197.46μm,最大显微硬度达到1470.5HV,且有较高的结合强度和较好的耐磨性能。     

纳米Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层的抗电化学腐蚀性能

研究纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗电化学腐蚀性能,确定纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2团聚颗粒加入量的最佳值。采用三电极系统,对微米Fe-Al/Cr3C复合涂层、纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2和分别添加了5%,10%,15%纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2团聚颗粒的系列复合涂层抗电化学腐蚀性能进行测试;利用Zview软件拟合交流阻抗谱,从定性到定量拟合对纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2系列复合涂层的电化学腐蚀行为进行分析;利用扫描电子显微镜观察腐蚀后涂层表面形貌。添加了5%纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2团聚颗粒的复合涂层自腐蚀电位为-0.775V,自腐蚀电流为0.280mA/cm2,与其它涂层相比抗电化学腐蚀性能最优;此处添加的5%纳米级Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2团聚颗粒的复合涂层的特征主要以均匀腐蚀性为主,而其它Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层都表现为一定的局部腐蚀特性。Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层本身的抗电化学腐蚀特性会受到Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2团聚颗粒的影响而存在改善的价值。加入量低于最佳值时,涂层因表面质量没有得到改善而抗电化学腐蚀性能较低;加入量高于最佳值时,涂层因表面高活性而导致抗电化学腐蚀性能较低。     

锆改性对硅化物涂层耐固体粒子冲蚀性能的影响

采用组成(质量分数/%)分别为15Si-5NaF-80Al_2O_3、15Si-10Zr-5NaF-70Al_2O_3的渗剂,应用扩散渗工艺在TC4合金表面制备了单一硅化物涂层和锆改性硅化物涂层,对比研究了2种涂层的显微组织以及在不同冲蚀角度下的耐固体粒子冲蚀行为。结果表明:2种涂层均可分为3层,由(Ti,X)Si_2(X为铝、钒或锆)相组成的外层、由TiSi相组成的中间层以及由Ti_5Si_4+Ti_5Si_3相组成的内层,锆改性硅化物涂层的组织更致密,且无裂纹存在;2种涂层的冲蚀率均随冲蚀角度的增大而增加,但锆改性硅化物涂层表现出更好的耐固体粒子冲蚀性能;在大冲蚀角度下,锆改性对硅化物涂层耐固体粒子冲蚀性能的改善效果比在小冲蚀角度下的更加显著。     

不同喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层表面自由能与冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用接触角测量仪和冲蚀磨损试验机等设备,研究超声速等离子喷涂与普通大气等离子喷涂两种技术制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层的表面自由能和冲蚀磨损性能,并对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及成分进行检测分析。研究结果表明,普通大气等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,其表面和内部结构疏松,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为6.653%和836.93 HV0.1。而超声速等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为3.467%和1 078.68 HV0.1,相比普通大气等离子喷涂而言,超声速等离子喷涂制备的涂层整体性能较为优异。通过对两种涂层的结构和表面自由能分析发现,超声速等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层由于结构致密、表面自由能较低而具有较为出色的冲蚀磨损性能。     

爆炸喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层及其对2Cr10MoVNbN钢疲劳性能的影响

采用爆炸喷涂方法在2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr涂层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、显微硬度计、电子拉伸试验机、X射线应力仪、疲劳试验机等分析测试了涂层的缺陷、显微硬度、断裂韧度、结合力、残余应力、疲劳性能等,主要研究了涂层对基体疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:在2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体上采用爆炸喷涂方法制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的孔隙率为0.5%,表面硬度为921 HV,断裂韧度为3.67 Mpa·m1/2,涂层与基体的结合强度为63 Mpa,涂层表面、涂层/基体界面处均处于压应力状态;爆炸喷涂Cr3C3-NiCr涂层明显降低了2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体的疲劳性能,在应力幅小于500 Mpa时,与基体试样相比,涂层试样的疲劳寿命减少了75%以上,疲劳强度下降了134.7 Mpa,涂层试样的疲劳裂纹源出现在涂层/基体界面的Al2O3夹杂物处.     

硬密封球阀耐冲蚀陶瓷涂层研究

利用多功能超音速火焰喷涂技术，在金属硬密封球阀的阀芯上制备了WC-12Co金属陶瓷涂层，用于提高球阀的耐冲蚀磨损性能。试验表明，涂层机械力学性能好，与基体结合强度超过70MPa，孔隙率小于2％，硬度超过HV1000，耐冲蚀磨损性能比基体提高5倍以上，有效地提高了球阀的使用寿命和密封可靠性。     

纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层及其抗高温腐蚀性能

制备纳米金属间化合物Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层并测试其抗腐蚀性能,为利用热喷涂技术治理火电站易损部件腐蚀问题提供有效手段。运用自主研发的造粒系统,成功对高活性的纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂粉体实施团聚造粒;运用高速火焰喷涂方法,在结构材料表面制备出了纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层,对比测试了微米、纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能,分别采用抛物线型和幂函数型对腐蚀动力学曲线进行拟合。纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂材料的粒径由原始的50nm团聚到最终的114~178μm,团聚后的纳米颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,各成分比例保持原始比例,团聚颗粒内部仍然保持纳米粉体状态;纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层表面致密、铺展均匀,截面元素过渡平缓、层片细小;运用幂函数方程对腐蚀动力学曲线的拟合效果更好。通过对腐蚀动力学拟合方程进行求导运算可推算出各复合涂层的腐蚀速率。团聚后的纳米颗粒满足热喷涂材料的相关要求,纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能显著高于微米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层。纳米Al、Cr优先氧化生成具有保护作用的氧化膜机理解释了纳米涂层抗高温腐蚀性能优异的原因。     

真空环境与基体预热对激光熔覆WC增强镍基合金涂层组织和性能的影响

在真空和基体预热200℃条件下,采用激光熔覆技术在45钢基体表面制备WC增强镍基合金涂层,研究了涂层的宏观与微观形貌、物相组成、硬度和耐磨性能,并与在大气环境氮气直吹保护和基体未预热条件下激光熔覆涂层的进行对比。结果表明:在真空和基体预热条件下,涂层中不存在裂纹与气孔,组织均匀致密,以胞状晶为主;涂层物相主要由Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_3C_2、γ-Ni、FeNi组成,Cr_(23)C_6硬质相含量低于在大气环境氮气直吹保护和基体不预热条件下的;涂层的平均显微硬度为751.14HV,比在大气环境氮气直吹保护和基体不预热条件下的低约85.43HV;涂层的稳定摩擦因数为0.50,表面磨痕横截面积约为0.4×10~(-3) mm~2,比在大气环境氮气直吹保护和基体不预热条件下的分别降低约23%和58%,耐磨性能显著提高。     

工业汽轮机阀杆超音速火焰喷涂的研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂球形烧结态Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末制备高温耐磨损涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织结构,测试了涂层的结合强度、硬度和耐磨性能,结果表明：涂层中以Cr3C2为主的颗粒增强相弥散分布在NiCr固溶体中,涂层的显微硬度比基体(2Cr12MoV)提高了3倍多,摩擦磨损性能也有明显提高。     

Inconel 600封头冲压加工

镍基特种合金耐蚀性好 ,在化工容器中得到广泛应用 ,但其制造技术要求高 ,尤其是封头的加工成形有难度。本文结合工程实践介绍了Inconel 6 0 0的材料特性、冲压工艺、缺陷处理以及探讨了热处理的适宜性等内容。     

用于加工Inconel718的切削刀具发展现状

镍基高温合金Inconel718具有熔点高、热传导率低、加工硬化现象严重的特点,被认为是最难加工的金属材料之一。近年来,随着航空航天、能源动力技术的飞速发展,Inconel718高温合金的应用越来越多,其高速、高效切削的加工需求也日益扩张,其切削工艺的制定、尤其是切削刀具的选择越来越重要。本文综述了常用于加工In-conel718的刀具(高速钢、硬质合金、陶瓷、立方氮化硼)及其涂层刀具的加工性能,分析了不同涂层对于刀具寿命和工件表面质量的影响,对硬质合金刀具和陶瓷刀具作了详尽的对比分析。最后,对高速钢、陶瓷、硬质合金和立方氮化硼刀具切削Inconel718的应用情况进行了总结,给出了Inconel718高温合金切削加工刀具选择的有益参考。     

Incone1718镍基高温合金的切削性能仿真

在考察Inconel718镍基高温合金的化学成分和有关性能的基础上,通过Deform-3D软件对其进行车削仿真,分析影响Inconel718镍基高温合金切削性能的主要因素,给出其最佳的切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量的组合.研究了不同换热系数和刀-屑摩擦因数对Inconel718镍基高温合金切削性能的影响,找到了恰当的冷却润滑方式.     

Evaluation of the Machinability of Nickel-Base,Inconel 718, Alloy with Nano-Ceramic Cutting Tools

The machinability of difficult-to-cut aerospace alloys can be enhanced by the rapid development of cutting tool materials that can withstand machining at high-speed conditions. The performance of nano-grain size ceramic tool materials were evaluated when machining nickel base, Inconel 718, in terms of tool life, tool failure modes and wear mechanisms as well as component forces generated under different roughing conditions. Comparison tests were carried out with commercially available ceramic tool materials of micron-grain composition.

The test results show that the micron grain size commercially available tool materials generally gave the longest tool life. The dominant failure mode is nose wear, while some of the nano-ceramic tools were rejected mainly due to chipping at the cutting edge. This suggests that physical properties and mechanical stability of the cutting edge of the ceramic tools influence their overall performance. It is also evident that chemical compositions of the tool materials played a significant role in their failure. The alumina base ceramics are more susceptible to premature fracture than the silicon nitride base ceramics with higher fracture toughness.     

Inconel600的切削加工

工程实践中经常会使用到Inconel600,这是一种镍基固溶强化型高温合金.这种材料的切削加工难点很多,例如,切削力很大,切削温度很高,刀具磨损严重等.针对于这些难点,本文提出了在加工这种材料时,切削用量,刀具材料,刀具几何角度以及切削液的合理选择.     

Effect of High-Pressure Coolant Supplies when Machining Nickel-Base,Inconel 718, Alloy with Ceramic Tools

Chip breakability is significantly improved with the use of high pressure coolant supply. This is a result of the reduction in the tool-chip contact length during machining as the coolant under high pressure lifts the chip up after passing the deformation zone. Increasing the coolant pressure results in shorter ceramic tool life when machining Inconel 718 suggesting that the high pressure coolant supply reduces temperature at the cutting zone below a critical level where ceramic tools can perform satisfactorily. The inadequate fracture toughness of ceramic tools makes them more susceptible to failure by mechanical action such as notching at the depth of cut line and premature fracture. The notch wear rate increases with higher coolant supply pressure due to significant erosion of the tool material by the high pressure coolant jet. This mechanically related failure mode occurs on a random basis leading to inconsistency in tool performance, accelerated by fluctuations in thermal and mechanical properties when machining under high pressure coolant supplies.     

Cutting data correction in Inconel 718 turning

The paper presents research work concerning difficult-to-cut materials turning and chipbreakers reliability in local operating features. Inconel 718 alloy was used as a sample material and two different chipbreakers were tested. The aim of the research was to check the efficiency of chipbreakers in the area of applications recommended by tool manufacturers. As a result, the algorithm for cutting data selection and correction which combines experiments and simulation processes concerning chip breakage effectiveness was built. To estimate chip forms in tests, the visual system equipped with a high-speed camera was used. The cutting forces measuring system provided information for verification of simulation results. The simulation based on the FEM was applied to estimate chip groove filling. Distributions of temperature and stresses on the tool rake face in the function of distance from the cutting edge were calculated. The paper gives recommendations for cutting data correction to achieve acceptable chip forms.     

Alloy 625镍基合金管板的加工与检验

介绍了对Alloy 625材料的加工试验及UNS NO6625合金管板的加工,为同类产品的制造积累了经验。     

Research on surface integrity of grinding Inconel718

Inconel718 is widely used in the aerospace industry; the finished surface quality has significant effect on service performance of component. The surface integrity in grinding Inconel718 respectively by using a vitrified bond single alumina (SA) wheel and a resin cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheel were investigated. First, effects of different grinding parameters on grinding temperature and grinding force and grinding chips feature by using a SA and a CBN wheel respectively were investigated. Then, the surface roughness and topography by using a SA and a CBN wheel through single factor experiment were compared, and in the grinding parameters range of the present study, the better surface can be obtained by a SA wheel. Finally, surface integrity by using a SA wheel and the different grinding depth was studied and analyzed by the grinding temperature and the grinding force. It was possible to conclude that better surface can be achieved by using a SA, and taking a _p?=?0.005 mm, v _w?=?16 m/min, v _s?=?25 m/s for grinding Inconel718. In this grinding case, the surface roughness was Ra0.112 μm, the surface residual stress was +700Mpa, and the surface hardness was 440 HV; the depth of residual stress layer was 40～60 μm, the depth of softened layer was 30～40 μm and the depth of plastic deformation layer was 10～15 μm.     

Machinability investigation of Inconel 718 in high-speed turning

This article presents an approach based on wavelet correlation modelling for health state monitoring of fluid dynamic bearings in brushless DC motors. This approach involves two stages: (1) extracting of features from the motor-stator current signatures by analysing discrete wavelet transform coefficients; and (2) building of the simplest correlation model between the extracted features and the bearing wear using a multivariable regression technique. The correlation model can be used to detect and predict the bearing wear of brushless DC motors. Experiments were carried out using brushless DC motors with fluid dynamic bearings to verify the proficiency of this approach. Good agreement between the prediction result and the real motor health condition demonstrated the viability of the approach for bearing prognostic applications. The correlation equations obtained have acceptable detectability and accuracy based on a desired 95% level of confidence.