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食品中微生物检验的质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人们对食品质量安全的日益重视,食品中微生物检验的质量控制愈加重要。本文主要从内部质量控制,即检验人员的素质、实验室环境和设备的质量控制,培养基和试剂的质量控制、标准菌株的保藏和外部质量评估两大方面对食品中微生物检验的质量控制进行了概述。 相似文献
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本文论述了活性污泥中微生物与出水水质的关系,包括微生物的种类与特点,微生物生长环境,微生物降解有机物以及微生物对处理效果的影响。 相似文献
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微生物(microorganism,microbe)是一些肉眼看不见的微小生物的总称。包括原核类的细菌、放线菌、支原体、立克次氏体、衣原体和蓝细菌,真核类的真菌(酵母菌和霉菌)、原生动物和显微藻类,以及非细胞类的病毒、类病毒和朊病毒等。防腐剂(antisepticsubstance)的主要作用是抑制微生物的生长繁殖,延长食品的保存时间,抑制腐败的药剂。常见的有苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、丙酸钙、双乙酸钠、乳酸链球菌素等,作用机理都是通过抑制微生物生长,达到延长保质期的目的。其作用原理一般分为三类:干扰微生物的酶,破坏新陈代谢来抑制酶活性;使微生物的蛋白变性;改变微生物细胞膜通透性。但防腐剂不是杀菌剂,他只抑制了微生物生长,不杀死料液中的微生物。 相似文献
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随着时代的不断发展,人们生活水平不断提高,食品安全问题也越来越受到人们的关注,近几年来,三聚氰氨、苏丹红、漂白剂等等一系列的食品安全问题使人们对食品产生了强烈的不信任感,因此,食品微生物检测技术的应用也越来越广泛,同时,食源性微生物的检测技术也趋向迅捷、准确、大通量的方向发展。以往的食品微生物检测技术已经无法应对现代的食品安全问题,检测速度缓慢、检测精度不精确,因此,应当采取新的食品微生物检测技术,现代的检测技术包括色谱法与荧光分析法、阻抗法、放射测量法、ELISA法和生物传感器法,结合我国实际情况,在建立标准的食源性微生物检测方法,推广标准化、检测技术的应用等方面还要很多工作要做。 相似文献
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对油藏微生物特征进行研究是开发和应用微生物采油技术的基础。本文试图从油藏微生物生物群落的分类及群落的分布两个方面对油藏微生物的特征进行研究和讨论,旨在为更有效的获得各种油藏微生物资源、调控油藏微生物群落以提高石油采收率提供理论指导。 相似文献
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pH值对溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成纳米晶LaMnO_3粉末的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以硝酸镧、硝酸锰和柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术制备了超细LaMnO3粉末。借助XRD、DTA、SEM、FT-IR等分析仪器研究了溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成技术合成超细LaMnO3粉末的过程,着重讨论了前驱体溶液不同pH值对溶胶凝胶燃烧合成过程及合成产物的影响。结果发现,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术能合成纳米晶的LaMnO3粉末,随前驱体溶液pH值增加,燃烧反应速率增加,合成粉体的平均晶粒尺寸随pH值增加而减小。通过控制前驱体溶液pH值能一步合成超细LaMnO3颗粒(粒径200nm)。 相似文献
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《Journal of Experimental Nanoscience》2013,8(4):390-398
In this study MnWO4 nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method with MnCl2?·?4H2O and Na2WO4?·?2H2O as source materials. The products were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results reveal that pH value plays an important role in the morphology and phase of samples. A simple reaction mechanism for the formation of MnWO4 was presented. The photodegradation of acetone was employed as a probe reaction to test the photoactivities of the as-prepared samples. 相似文献
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以硝酸镁、柠檬酸及氨水为原料,用凝胶-燃烧合成法制备了MgO纳米颗粒.系统研究了前驱体溶液中硝酸镁与柠檬酸的配比及其pH值对凝胶的形成、凝胶的形态、凝胶的燃烧过程以及最终合成产物特性的影响,并在优选的工艺条件下,获得了平均尺寸约为10nm且粒径分布窄的MgO颗粒. 相似文献
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The stability of polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies was investigated with emphasis on the effects of solution ionic strength, pH, and polymer molecular weight on the film thickness and surface topography. The multilayers consisting of two polysaccharides, the polyanion sodium hyaluronate (HA) and the polycation chitosan (CH) were studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, impedance quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SPR/QCM experiments show that coatings consisting of four HA/CH bilayers assembled at pH 4.5 in the presence of 0.15 M NaCl are stable in NaCl solutions of concentration less than 0.8 M. These multilayers are stable when placed in contact with aqueous solutions ranging in pH from 3.5 to 9. The molecular weight of the polysaccharides has only a marginal effect on the stability of the films in the range explored here (HA: Mn = 360,000 or 31,000 g/mol; CH: Mn = 160,000 or 30,000 g/mol). AFM imaging reveals that different mechanisms may account for the multilayers stability versus salt and pH treatments. While increasing the ionic strength induces reorganization of the surface topography from isolated spherical islets to elongated worm-like features, changes in pH have no appreciable effects on the coating topography prior to complete disintegration. 相似文献
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Ice slurries are typically formed from an aqueous solution of water and salt (NaCl) at 5% salinity. Ice pigs, used in many industry areas, are taken from a bulk ice slurry and used to clear waste or recover product from pipes. Ice fraction is a key property of an ice slurry, since it determines it's ‘thickness’ and therefore cleaning capacity. Electromagnetic wave interrogation has been shown to accurately predict an ice fraction to within an error of ±1.2%. The largest remaining process error comes from inherent salinity variation, which affects the electromagnetic wave attenuation significantly. Increasing electromagnetic wave attenuation with increasing salinity and the effect of temperature, shown to also increase attenuation, is quantified. Calibration methods are proposed, aiming to eliminate the unwanted effect of varying salinity. Analysis on multiple samples showed a 16% reduction in average error, and 9% reduction in maximum error when the calibration method was applied. 相似文献
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苯丙炔酸上的羧基起到终止剂的作用,限制了苯丙炔酸的聚合。加入NaOH将单体转化成钠盐,聚合后用HCl酸化成聚苯丙炔酸。单体由肉桂酸和液溴通过先加成后消去反应制得。利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱、凝胶渗透色谱和TGA对单体及聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征,2212cm-1处C≡C键伸缩振动特征吸收峰消失形成1602cm-1C—C键伸缩振动特征峰,表明了聚合物的合成。荧光光谱显示聚苯丙炔酸在375nm激发波长下发蓝光,于465nm处有特征荧光发射峰,与没有加NaOH聚合的聚合物相比较,紫外吸收波长范围更大,加碱聚合的聚苯丙炔酸分子量能达到10552,TGA测试结果表明聚苯丙炔酸具有一定的热稳定性。 相似文献