Short-term low as well as high temperature operation of an MSF plant using Belgard EVN as a scale control additive

During a 40-day low temperature trial, conducted in 1979 using 2.0 ppm of Belgard EVN, the GOR ranged between 10.9 and 9.9 as against the design value of 8.0, while the heater fouling factor (FF) rose gradually from 0.02 × 10^-3 to 0.07 × 10^-3 m² .°C/W. A polyphosphate trial, carried out in 1978 on the same MSF plant, showed the rate of fouling of heater tubes to be four times that during the Belgard EVN trial. During the polyphosphate operation, the heater FF had in the same period climbed from 0.18 × 10^-3 to 0.70 × 10^-3 m² °C/W.In 1980, the top brine temperature of the unit was progressively increased from 87.8 to 104.4°C, whilst increasing the Belgard EVN dosage from 2.5 to 6.0 ppm. The GOR increased from 8 to 9 up to a top brine temperature of 98.9°C and then declined to about 7.7. The heater FF increased gradually from 0.10 × 10^-3 to 0.19 × 10^-3 m² .°C/W.     

Performance of a polyphosphate-based scale control additive in an MSF plant of Kuwait

The results of the performance test of a polyphosphate-based scale control additive, carried out for a period of 8 months during 1978, showed that the additive was only moderately effective as a scale inhibitor. The Gained Output Ratio, which was close to the design value of 8.0 at the start-up, declined by 30% during the test period while the distillate output fell off by about 25% in the same period. Even though the brine heater steam temperature was progressively increased from 93.3°C to 118.3°C, a steady decline was observed in the heater inlet and outlet temperatures which decreased from 81.7 to 73.3°C and 86.7 to 79.4°C respectively. It took only 40 days of operation for the heater fouling factor to exceed the design value. The fouling factor registered a five to seven-fold increase in 8 months.     

高效阻垢缓蚀剂在火电厂的应用

新型全有机配方ＳＤ－１阻垢缓蚀剂用于大型火力发电厂循环冷却水处理,解决了凝汽器铜管的结垢、腐蚀问题。实际运行效果显著,经济效益和社会效益明显。     

燃煤电站锅炉水冷壁壁面高温腐蚀问题分析与对策

以对冲燃烧方式的电站锅炉水冷壁壁面高温腐蚀问题为研究对象,从腐蚀机理与燃烧特性角度对水冷壁燃烧区域进行腐蚀特性建模分析,研究水冷壁近壁区域还原性和腐蚀性气氛作用下的硫化物型熔盐腐蚀部位分布规律,腐蚀发生严重的区域将集中在两侧墙的燃烧器周围区域、下层冷灰斗区域、上层燃烧器与顶层燃尽风喷口之间的两侧墙中间区域。现场实测数据验证可知,燃煤电站锅炉水冷壁近壁区域在氧浓度极低情况下,H₂S、CO等物质浓度严重超出腐蚀判定指标要求,水冷壁壁面腐蚀严重,腐蚀发生部位与数值模型结果吻合。结合工程经验,给出了水冷壁壁面高温腐蚀防治的具体措施。     

油田集输系统腐蚀结垢治理技术的研究与应用

新木采油厂前南区块集输系统腐蚀结垢现象非常严重,经现场取样分析,查出原因,开发了适用的JYHZ-03型缓蚀阻垢剂.现场运行结果表明,该药剂防腐、防垢效果非常理想,确保了前南区块集输系统的正常运行.     

钼膦系缓蚀阻垢剂的性能及应用

针对金陵石化化工一厂具体情况,筛选出适合该厂的钼磷系缓蚀阻垢剂配方。经现场应用两年,各项监测指标均达到中石化总公司规定的好级标准,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

浅析PET装置的规模效应

介绍了大型PET装置与传统小型PET装置的区别,分析了大型PET装置因规模大而在建设投资、运行成本、生产运行等方面产生的规模效应,通过年产50万t与年产20万t装置的对比,量化了大型PET装置因规模效应而带来的建设投资和运行成本等方面的效益和好处。     

浅析压力容器应力腐蚀及其控制措施

分析了压力容器应力腐蚀的危害性以及影响因素,阐述了压力容器应力腐蚀的形态特征,综述了近年来学者们对压力容器应力腐蚀的研究进展,提出了控制压力容器应力腐蚀的措施。     

全有机高效阻垢缓蚀剂在火电厂的应用

新型全有机配方TZ - 318(Ⅲ )阻垢缓蚀剂用于大型火力发电厂循环冷却水处理 ,解决了凝汽器铜管的结垢、腐蚀问题。实际运行效果显著 ,经济效益和社会效益明显     

高温酸化缓蚀剂CPA-10的合成及复配研究

多聚甲醛、环己酮、苯胺经醛酮胺缩合反应合成曼尼希碱,再与氯化苄反应,得季铵盐,添加炔醇、碘化钾进行复配,得高温酸化缓蚀剂CPA-10,最佳配方为:季铵盐∶炔醇∶碘化钾=39∶6∶5。当盐酸酸液浓度为15%,腐蚀时间为4 h,CPA-10加量为2.0%,在90℃时腐蚀速率为0.71 g/(m2.h),缓蚀效果最好。     

The effect of steam temperature on the economics of a cogeneration power plant

Using steady-state simulation, we have evaluated the effect of boiler superheat and reheat temperatures on the economics of the utility section of a Bayer Alumina Plant. These economics were compared with those of a steam plant which purchased power. Under this study's nominal economic conditions, producing steam and purchasing electricity was the cheaper option. A sensitivity analysis showed that the cogeneration plant became the better choice when the local cost of electricity rose above 10C/kWh. The plant economics improved monotonically with superheat temperature as did the thermo-dynamic efficiency. However, for reheat, the plant economics did not improve monotonically with temperature even though the thermodynamic eficiency did; thus improvement in the thermodynamic efficiency does not always yield improved economics.     

Effective scale control for seawater RO operating with high feed water pH and temperature

An effective scale control program for seawater RO is widely recognized as an important factor in ensuring trouble free and cost effective operation. This is especially important under the high feed water pH and temperature conditions found in Southern Europe and Middle East.

In addition, regulatory issues concerning maximum acceptable boron levels in drinking and irrigation water necessitate the growing need to operate plants at higher feed water pH. Operating at increased pH increases boron rejection but also increases the scaling tendencies of the water. This can lead to calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide precipitation in the membranes.

A complete scale control program needs to control calcite and brucite saturation at the maximum operating reject pH and temperature. Antiscalant chemistry, optimum dose rate as well as accurate monitoring and control of the scale inhibitor are key factors in long-term cost effective “scale free” operation.

This paper details the operating strategies and scale control issues related to both single and two pass seawater RO plants operating at elevated feed water pH and temperature.     

高温交联对钻井液的影响

随着我国深井钻井技术的快速发展,抗高温钻井液的研究面临着越来越突出的技术难题。其中钻井液的效果在高温油气井的钻进过程中起关键作用,对施工进度和钻速有重要影响。因此,钻井液在高温下的滤失性、流变性控制也是抗高温钻井液技术的难点。本文通过展开室内实验,对国内现有部分抗高温钻井液处理剂（如磺化处理剂和降滤失剂）的抗温性能进行了实验测试和综合评价。对钻井液中的高温交联反应进行分析,如何控制该体系的流变性和滤失性,详细论述了处理剂交联反应的影响因素以及交联程度对钻井液性能的影响,如温度、时间、pH、聚合物类型、粘土等,提出适度交联改善钻井液性能的观点。     

多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研制及机理初探

以羧乙基硫代丁二酸、酒石酸钠、硫酸锌、聚环氧琥珀酸和丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物为原料复配得到一种多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂,通过旋转挂片法、碳酸钙沉积法和分散氧化铁试验对其缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能进行了研究,并对其缓蚀阻垢机理进行了探讨。结果显示,该复合药剂具有良好的缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能,缓蚀率达92.14%,阻垢率达96.31%。SEM表征结果表明,该复合药剂能在碳钢挂片表面形成一层致密均匀的缓蚀膜,具有良好的晶格扭曲作用,能阻止碳酸钙的正常生长和沉积。     

高温固硫添加剂的选择

根据煤中硫在不同温度下的释放特性 ,对不同固硫剂、添加剂进行了试验研究。根据南桐煤中硫在低温区 ( 50 0℃左右 )显著释放的特性 ,选择了 Ca O作为固硫剂 ,试验表明该固硫剂固硫稳定性好 ,固硫率可达 70 %以上     

一种新型缓蚀阻垢剂的性能评价

以聚天冬氨酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、葡萄糖酸钠以及增效剂为原料,制备了一种新型的缓蚀阻垢剂。采用挂片腐蚀和静态阻垢实验,研究了其缓蚀和阻垢性能,结果表明,该缓蚀阻垢剂的质量浓度为100 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达89.04%,具有良好的缓蚀性能,其阻垢效果均明显优于油田常用缓蚀阻垢剂。     

中原油田集输管道的内腐蚀及腐蚀防护技术的应用研究

通过对集输蕾线的腐蚀调查及腐蚀因素分析，搞清了集输管线腐蚀的主要原因及主要影响因素，在此基础上研览应用了端点加药技术及管道耐蚀涂层及衬里技术,开发应用了一种针对油田污水腐蚀的HF耐油田污水腐蚀涂料，并取得了较好的防腐效果，有效遏制了集输营线的腐蚀。     

一种复合型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、缓蚀剂A、锌盐、抗坏血酸为原料进行复配,开发出一种复合型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂。通过静态阻垢实验、旋转挂片腐蚀实验、动电位电化学测试实验对配方进行筛选和测定。结果表明在各组分质量比为：2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）：苯并三氮唑：锌盐：缓蚀剂A=5：0．3：1．2：4,复合型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂质量浓度为40mg／L时,缓蚀率达到92．89％,阻垢率达到95．12％。通过与传统含磷配方对比,该复合型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂与传统含磷配方缓蚀率相当,阻垢率提高1．91％,成本降低16．67％。由于该配方无磷,不会造成环境富营养化,具有明显环境与经济效益。     

聚环氧琥珀酸及其复配物阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

针对火电厂循环冷却水水质研究了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的阻垢性能,并同PASP、MA-AA、ATMP等阻垢剂的阻垢效果进行了比较.实验结果表明:PESA阻垢效果优良.比PASP、MA-AA阻垢效果更优,比ATMP阻垢效果稍差.针对凝汽器铜材质(HSn-70A)研究了单一聚环氧琥珀酸的缓蚀性能,开发了与之复配的复合配方,筛选出的最佳复配方案为10mg/L PESA+0.5 mg/L BTA+2mg/L Zn2++10mg/L葡萄糖酸钠,在此条件下铜的腐蚀率仅为0.0005mm/a.     

The effect of imidazolated PPO with different alkyl chains on its performance as a high temperature proton exchange membrane

ABSTRACT

Designed and synthesized a series of imidazolium-functionalized Poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (Im-PPO) containing pendant imidazole groups, which were used to supply functional sites for acid–base interaction with the doping phosphoric acid. The imidazolium-functionalized Poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) membranes obtained by the solution-casting method were doped with phosphoric acid (PA). The PA content, swelling, and tensile strength of the different membranes doped with PA were measured. With the increase of the length of side chains on the imidazole groups, the membrane showed different properties. The proton conductivity at a level of 3.7 × 10^?2 S/cm was achieved at 160°C by the MeIm-PPO imidazolium composite membrane.