14Cr1MoR钢的直接淬火工艺研究

研究了控制轧制和直接淬火相结合生产压力容器钢的工艺.奥氏体再结晶区变形时,单道次变形率越大则再结晶进行地越充分,再结晶后的晶粒就越细.奥氏体未再结晶区变形率增大则奥氏体晶粒内形变区域增多,从而使马氏体形核点增多,淬火后得到细板条马氏体组织.利用Cr、Mo等合金元素增加合金淬透性的性质,控轧后材料有足够高的温度进行直接淬火.材料经高温回火得到细小回火索氏体,力学性能优良.     

14Cr1MoR钢的直接淬火工艺研究

研究了控制轧制和直接淬火相结合生产压力容器钢的工艺。奥氏体再结晶区变形时,单道次变形率越大则再结晶进行地越充分,再结晶后的晶粒就越细。奥氏体未再结晶区变形率增大则奥氏体晶粒内形变区域增多,从而使马氏体形核点增多,淬火后得到细板条马氏体组织。利用Cr、Mo等合金元素增加合金淬透性的性质,控轧后材料有足够高的温度进行直接淬火。材料经高温回火得到细小回火索氏体,力学性能优良。     

热变形参数对α→γ逆相变再结晶晶粒细化的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了热变形参数对低碳微合金钢α→γ逆相变再结晶的影响及其晶粒细化的机制。结果表明,试验钢中非平衡态组织马氏体在再加热过程中,原奥氏体晶粒发生了逆相变再结晶,并随变形温度的降低,再加热淬火后的奥氏体晶粒逐渐细化;在部分再结晶区变形得到的混晶组织,可以通过逆相变再结晶得到消除;随变形量的增加,再加热淬火后的奥氏体晶粒逐渐细化。     

锻热淬火工艺参数对38CrSi钢组织和性能的影响

本文研究了锻热淬火工艺参数对38CrSi钢组织和机械性能的影响。试验结果表明,一般锻热淬火条件下,在锤锻变形过程中,奥氏体发生了动态再结晶,锻后停留,奥氏体晶粒继续长大。锻热淬火组织同普通淬火组织比较,原始奥氏体晶粒和马氏体束尺寸有变化,但基本都是板条马氏体,回火后碳化物析出情况无显著变化。锻热淬火的变形温度高、变形量低、锻后停留时间长,使奥氏体晶粒粗大,冲击韧性ak值有一定程度降低,但对强度、塑性无明显影响。锻热淬火的回火温度对机械性能影响规律,基本同普通淬火情况一致。     

亚温淬火低碳钢的组织特性及冷轧后的再结晶

用扫描电子显微镜对14MnNb钢不同工艺亚温淬火试样的组织进行了比较研究,并用残留硬度法对亚温淬火组织80%变形量冷轧后再结晶动力学进行了研究.结果表明,直接加热到亚温区淬火试样中铁素体为块状;淬火后重新加热到亚温区淬火试样中铁素体为细小均匀分布条状;完全奥氏体化后炉冷到亚温区淬火试样中铁索体为不规则的多边形.950℃×20min淬火和950℃×20min炉冷到830℃×20min淬火试样80%变形量冷轧后再结晶激活能分别为163.9和187.9 kJ·mol~(-1).     

低碳钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸的控制

分别采用高温形变再结晶和低温变形后快速加热冷却等两种方法获得尺寸不同的低碳钢奥氏体晶粒组织,通过控制形变温度、形变量、应变速率及变形道次等工艺参数。低碳钢奥氏体高温形变动态再结晶可使晶粒细化到１５－２０μｍ左右,奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒尺寸取决于Ｚｅｎｅｒ－Ｈｏｌｌｏｍｏｎ（Ｚ）参数,提高应变速率及降低形变温度都有利于Ｚ参数增大,流变相力峰值较高,奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒减小,通过奥氏体化合淬火－６５０℃     

热变形对35CrMo钢淬火马氏体晶体学特征的影响北大核心CSCD

通过热压缩实验获得不同应变下35CrMo钢的淬火马氏体组织。基于电子背散射衍射(EBSD)测试技术研究了热变形对35CrMo钢淬火马氏体晶体学特征的影响,重点分析了不同变形量下奥氏体晶粒尺寸及马氏体变体组合特征的变化。研究结果表明:多轮动态再结晶的出现造成了高温真应力-真应变曲线的多峰变化,且第1轮动态再结晶明显细化了奥氏体晶粒。原始奥氏体的晶粒取向决定了淬火后马氏体变体的类型,且淬火马氏体变体的组合方式均为密排面组合。不同变形量下淬火马氏体变体间的取向差集中在50°~60°范围内,可通过引入大角度晶界来细化晶粒。     

加热及变形温度对含铌高碳钢奥氏体组织的影响

针对铌微合金化高碳钢线材,在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上研究不同加热及变形温度下奥氏体组织的变化规律.结果表明.奥氏体粗化温度为1200℃,在1150～1200℃,奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸增大约30 μm;材料1100℃奥氏体化后,以40 s~(-1)、35%变形量进行一道次压下变形,1000℃以上为再结晶区,900℃以下为未再结晶区:在900℃形变淬火,析出物为NbC,尺寸为20～60nm,弥散细小的NbC析出颗粒阻碍了晶粒的长大.     

超低碳贝氏体钢形变奥氏体再结晶规律的研究

奥氏体热变形时再结晶规律是制定合理控制轧制工艺的理论基础。采用阶梯试样并通过光学显微镜来观察变形奥氏体的组织形貌,测量奥氏体再结晶百分数及晶粒尺寸。研究了道次变形量和变形温度对超低碳贝氏体钢变形奥氏体再结晶百分比影响规律,得到实验钢变形奥氏体再结晶图。实验证明试验钢的静态再结晶临界温度(SRCT)为950℃,在SRCT之上进行再结晶轧制,并利用随后的析出抑制再结晶和晶粒长大;在SRCT之下轧制,晶内产生大量的变形带,最后可以得到比较细小均匀的晶粒。但在部分再结晶区轧制时容易出现混晶组织恶化钢的性能,所以实际变形应该避开部分再结晶区域。     

两相区淬火对10Ni5CrMo钢组织与性能的影响

研究了10Ni5CrMo钢经调质处理和淬火 两相区淬火 回火(QLT)热处理后的组织与性能.结果表明,1ONiSCrMo钢经两相区淬火处理后,得到板条状的二次回火马氏体 铁素体的混合组织,并且在板条边界及板条内部析出逆转变奥氏体,该逆转变奥氏体与基体遵从K-S关系.10Ni5CrMo钢经QLT处理后改善了钢的回火稳定性,屈强比降低,尤其是低温韧性显著提高.随着回火温度的升高,逆转变奥氏体的含量增多.稳定的逆转变奥氏体提高了低温韧性.     

在线直接淬火工艺对低碳马氏体钢组织性能的影响

为了开发一种集优异拉伸、冲击性能于一体的高性能钢铁材料,满足大型工程机械、高层建筑和严酷地质服役环境油井管等应用要求,实验研究了在线直接淬火工艺对Q890低碳高强马氏体钢组织性能的影响。通过金相、扫描、透射、EBSD分析以及在不同温度下对样品进行拉伸试验和冲击试验,对不同奥氏体变形程度样品的马氏体组织和力学性能进行对比,并分析了对马氏体钢强韧性能的影响。结果表明,采用在线直接淬火工艺可获得超薄奥氏体组织,促使马氏体亚结构细化,使钢获得良好的强韧性配合。     

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel

The formation of fine ferrite grains by the asymmetric rolling of low carbon steel and their mechanical properties were studied. Super-cooled low carbon austenite was deformed by asymmetric rolling at 750 °C with a roll size ratio of 1.5 and immediately cooled at various cooling rates ranging from 3 °C/s to 15 °C/s. Fine ferrite grains (∼2 μm) were formed after asymmetric rolling, preferentially at the prior austenite grain boundaries. The volume fraction of the fine ferrite grains increased with increasing rolling reduction. A ferrite plus pearlite microstructure was obtained at smaller strains and slower cooling rates. However, after heavy deformation, a fine ferrite grain structure with carbide particles dispersed at the ferrite grain boundaries was obtained and the pearlite structure was not observed even after very slow cooling, which implies that most of the ferrite grains were formed dynamically, i.e. during deformation. The yield strength of the asymmetrically rolled steel plates increased with increasing deformation; however, the yield ratio also increased with increasing rolling reduction. The best combination of strength and yield ratio was obtained by using a low level of deformation and a high cooling rate, in which case a portion of the untransformed austenite transformed to martensite.     

Structure and properties of low-alloy steels after controlled rolling

Conclusions To obtain the best combination of strength and toughness due to grain refining and controlled precipitation hardening with particles of carbonitride phase, controlled rolling is carried out in the lower range of the austenite region, followed by cooling at a certain rate. This treatment can be called high-temperature thermomechanical treatment for low-alloy steels. The effect of thermomechanical treatment (controlled rolling) increases as the initial and final rolling temperatures are lowered and the degree of deformation in the last passes is increased, and also with the addition of elements that inhibit the recrystallization of austenite (Nb, V, Ti).The effect of controlled rolling can be utilized most completely only for steels with carbonitride-forming elements that promote grain refining, inhibit recrystallization of austenite, and thus strengthen the steel due to precipitation hardening and increase its resistance to brittle fracture.I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 2–11, December, 1975.     

淬火温度对高Ti低合金耐磨钢组织及力学性能的影响

研究了淬火温度对高Ti低合金耐磨钢组织转变、析出相和力学性能的影响,并分析了组织演变和力学性能变化的原因。结果表明:试验钢经不同温度淬火和200 ℃回火后的组织均为高位错密度板条马氏体;析出相尺寸主要为微米-亚微米-纳米三种尺度,微米级析出相呈杆棒状,亚微米以及纳米析出相呈球状,马氏体板条上分布着细小的(Ti, Mo)C析出相。随着淬火温度的升高,试验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和维氏硬度均先升高后降低,均在920 ℃时有最大值,分别为1248 MPa、1535 MPa和434 HV,此时伸长率为10.0%。随淬火温度升高,纳米级析出相逐渐回溶,数量减少且尺寸逐渐长大,沿轧制方向被压扁拉长的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸以及马氏体板条块尺寸略有增大,但马氏体板条宽度却无明显长大。大量的弥散分布的5～10 nm的(Ti, Mo)C粒子是促进耐磨钢硬度升高的主要因素。细小的(Ti, Mo)C析出相逐渐长大以及原奥氏体晶粒的增大都不利于耐磨钢硬度的提高。     

节镍型奥氏体不锈钢组织性能及控制机理研究

节镍型奥氏体不锈钢生产中合理控制其C、N含量和Cr、Ni当量,使其冷加工硬化小,拉深成形性能优异,形变诱导马氏体量少,时效开裂风险小,室温下奥氏体组织稳定是其生产应用的关键技术难点。为此,研究了不同化学成分节镍型奥氏体不锈钢在热轧、退火、冷轧退火后的金相组织及力学性能,分析了奥氏体稳定性和冷轧形变诱导马氏体相变的控制规律。结果表明:试验钢在热轧后奥氏体组织呈未完全再结晶状态,退火后奥氏体组织再结晶充分,晶粒尺寸为12～14 μm,且低的碳含量有利于改善碳化物的析出情况;试验钢冷轧变形过程中马氏体转变受奥氏体稳定性的影响,即受M_d30/50温度控制及化学成分的影响,M_d30/50温度值越高,镍当量越小,奥氏体稳定性越差,形变诱导马氏体含量越高,冷轧变形抗力越大,在退火过程越容易发生马氏体向奥氏体的逆转变,形成晶粒尺寸呈“双峰”状分布的混晶组织。因此,化学成分设计是实现节镍型奥氏体不锈钢性能的基础;同时,将本试验钢冷轧退火温度从1 080 ℃提高到1 100 ℃,且降低退火工艺速度,以延长带钢在退火炉内的时间,使奥氏体晶粒充分长大,控制晶粒尺寸为8.0～9.0级,才能保证钢卷获得良好的使用性能。     

Recrystallization and the possibility of the realization of the α-γ diffusionless transformation during the ultrarapid laser heating of steels

Analysis is given of phase and structural transformations occurring upon ultrarapid laser heating in steels with different initial structures, namely, after annealing, after preliminary quenching, quenching and tempering, and after quenching with subsequent deformation and tempering. It is shown that a significant suppression of diffusion processes occurs during laser heating; this circumstance substantially affects the nature of the phase and structural transformations proceeding during laser processing. Special attention is given to studying the process of recrystallization and to the phenomenon of structural heredity during laser heating. The process of recrystallization during laser heating is considered as consisting of two stages, namely, an ordered lattice rearrangement (α-γ transformation) and the recrystallization of austenite that suffered phase-transformation-induced hardening (“phase naklep”). The effect of tempering and plastic deformation on the recrystallization of a preliminarily quenched steel consists in the intensification of the second stage, i.e., of the recrystallization of the transformation-hardened austenite. It is shown that the α-γ transformation during the laser heating of steels with the initial structure of lath martensite occurs by the “mechanism of recovery,” i.e., via the formation and growth of austenite nuclei. In steels with the initial structure of pearlite, the nucleation of austenite during laser heating can occur by a shear martensite-like diffusionless mechanism with the observance of characteristic orientation relationships between the initial ferrite and the newly formed austenite.     

低Ni型LNG钢的热变形行为及力学性能

通过单道次、双道次压缩试验,研究了低Ni型LNG钢的高温奥氏体动态再结晶及静态再结晶行为,并采用两阶段控制轧制及超快速冷却技术进行不同轧制工艺下的热轧试验,通过热模拟及热轧试验研究了低Ni型LNG钢的热变形行为及力学性能。结果表明,在高温(1000~1050 ℃)、低应变速率(0.1~0.5 s^-1)下奥氏体容易发生动态再结晶,确定了发生再结晶的临界条件,并建立了动态再结晶动力学模型。试验钢在较高温度(800~1050 ℃)、较长道次间隔时间(60 s)下静态软化现象明显,容易发生静态再结晶。依据热模拟试验结果制定热轧试验工艺,通过控制精轧开轧温度和终轧温度调控高温奥氏体再结晶行为,从而细化晶粒,改善低Ni钢的冲击性能。精轧开轧温度920 ℃、终轧温度770 ℃时,低Ni钢的低温冲击吸收能量为180.1 J,屈服强度为595.1 MPa,抗拉强度为717.8 MPa。