光脉冲欠采样宽带数字测频方法的设计与分析

为了突破高速电模数转换器采样速率和时延控制精度对测频带宽的限制,丈中提出了一种采用光脉冲欠采样的超宽带、高分辨率数字测频方法。利用被动锁模激光器的超短光脉冲,产生间隔可控的多波长光脉冲串,通过电光调制器,对待测信号进行采样,最后通过光探测器阵列转化为电信号进行测频计算。此方法利用光脉冲的采样带宽高、时延控制精确、波分复用技术等特点,结合欠采样的Multiple Signal Classification算法进行宽带频率测量。通过对实际应用条件进行的数值模拟和理论计算表明,该方法可以实现20GHz带宽范围内的高精度多信号频率分辨。     

基于EDFT的非均匀欠采样叶尖定时信号分析

针对叶尖定时信号因严重的非均匀采样和欠采样导致的谱分析难题,提出了基于扩展离散傅里叶变换(EDFT)的分析方法。不同于传统的傅里叶变换,EDFT是以傅里叶积分变换为目标,在扩展的频率范围内通过构造和优化变换基函数替代传统FFT变换中的指数基来实现非均匀和欠采样信号的谱分析,在分析中利用原始数据迭代和近似拟合保证了分析精度。该方法突破了奈奎斯特采样定理的限制,扩大了分析频率范围,分析谱线数也不再受限于采样点数,提高了频率分辨率。为了验证所提方法的可行性和可靠性,采用所构建的叶尖定时系统采样数学模型生成数据和试验台测试数据分别进行了方法应用分析,结果显示无论是仿真数据或试验数据,当传感器数量大于等于3时,基于该方法能够准确分析得到叶片振动的谱信号,表明该方法可以有效地解决非均匀欠采样叶尖定时信号的谱分析的难题,且具有良好的抗干扰性。     

提高采样控制系统带宽的方法研究

影响控制系统带宽的主要因素有机械结构谐振频率、系统加速能力和系统采样频率。对影响采样控制系统带宽的因素作了详细的分析,给出在低采样频率下扩展系统带宽的两种方法棗虚拟采样法和多频率采样控制法,并对虚拟采样法进行了详细的讨论。实验结果表明,虚拟采样器在插值次数小于等于4时,插值精度可以满足要求,能够将系统带宽扩展3倍左右。     

基于CPLD的微功耗、可变频采样油井测压器的设计

介绍了一种基于CPLD的油井测压器的设计,可以利用CPLD控制电源模块,实现了电路的微功耗.另外,由于采样频率决定了采样信号的质量,而被测信号的频率变化很大,本文还介绍了利用CPLD实现变频采样的方法.     

变速机械振动信号的伪同步重采样技术——Ⅱ滤波器设计与信号重采样

在变速回转机械信号等转角采样过程中,采样频率随着机械转速的变化而变化,同时,为防止信号频谱混迭,抗频混滤波器的截止频率必须满足采样定理。而对于伪同步信号重采样,由于重采样频率（瞬时转速）和重采样时刻均为连续时变函数,因此,信号的重采样比也应为连续时变函数。本文将探讨重采样滤波器（自适应信号滤波器）的设计问题,并给出信号重采样公式及其数字阶比谱算例。     

基于多通道重构的SAR方位的性能分析和算法研究

SAR DPCMAB(方位向多相位中心多波速模式)能够提高方位向采样率,同时却带来非均匀采样的问题,通过频谱重构算法能够有效的恢复原信号频谱。但是在SAR传感器运行过程中存在通道特性不一致,采样时刻偏差,噪声等干扰因素,导致重构后的信号出现频谱噪声,重构精度收到影响。研究一种基于方位向相位中心偏移天线技术的机载SAR实现方法。通过在方位向上安置相位中心偏移的多个波束来降低系统对脉冲重复频率的要求,从而在保证方位向分辨率不变的条件下能够扩展机载SAR的测绘带宽。针对由PRF的变化造成的方位信号非均匀采样,采用多通道重构算法来恢复均匀采样信号。并以两通道机载SAR为例,通过仿真实例验证该算法的有效性。     

基于FPGA与单片机联合的数字示波器设计

设计采用单片机与FPGA开发系统实现数字示波器.阐述示波器的实现原理及过程,利用AD783做取样保持电路,对被测信号进行实时采样并保持,将采样信号送入FPGA,进行实施采样和等效采样,实现对信号的完整取样并还原波形,再由单片机处理,最后实现LCD显示和键盘操作.对各功能模块、电路原理进行分析.实测表明系统实时采样频率和等效采样频率范围覆盖1KHz～100MHz,输入阻抗大于1MΩ.设计模块过程中进行最大限度的数字化,外围电路简单,极大地减少了被测信号的受干扰率.系统稳定性好、可靠度高,较好的实现了设计目的.     

采用任意周期信号激励的阻抗参数测量方法

依据数字信号处理的理论与技术,提出了一种新的阻抗参数测量方法,即采用任意的周期信号作为测量的激励信号,并且激励信号的信噪比可以很低(SNR≤5 dB);采用镜频抑制比很高的数字正交采样滤波器能得到同相序列与正交序列,并据此确定被测阻抗与元件参数,该方法能得到很高的阻抗参数测量精度和较宽的测量范围.给出的仿真分析和实验结果证明了新的阻抗参数测量方法的正确性和高精度、宽测量范围的特点.     

瞬时频率方差检测器的实际性能分析

瞬时频率方差检测器（VIFD）是一种以瞬时频率方差为检验统计量的窄带信号检测器,在水声信号检测中有广泛的应用。在应用中,信噪比、采样频率、自适应滤波器带宽,以及信号采样数据的正负不对称等因素均对VIFD的性能产生影响,很难把握该检测器的性能规律。通过分析和计算机仿真验证,明确了除信噪比外,采样频率、Notch滤波器带宽以及信号采样的偏移均会影响VIFD的输出方差幅度,后两者同时能够影响VIFD的抗通道串漏能力。总结了这些因素对VIFD性能影响的方式和规律,对于VIFD的最佳应用具有一定的指导意义。     

基于广义解调时频分析和瞬时频率计算的阶次谱方法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮启停过程中故障振动信号的调频特性,提出了基于广义解调时频分析和瞬时频率计算的阶次谱方法,并将其应用于齿轮瞬态信号的分析。广义解调时频分析是一种新的时频分析方法,它可以将多分量的信号分解为若干个瞬时频率具有物理意义的单分量信号,每个单分量信号可以是调幅-调频信号,因此非常适合处理多分量的调幅-调频信号。而当齿轮发生故障时,其启停过程中的振动信号就表现为多分量的调幅-调频特征。在基于广义解调时频分析和瞬时频率计算的阶次谱方法中,首先采用广义解调时频分析方法将齿轮瞬态信号分解为若干个单分量信号,然后计算各个分量的瞬时频率,再对其瞬时频率信号进行重采样,最后对重采样信号进行频谱分析得到阶次谱,从而提取齿轮振动信号的故障特征,判断齿轮的工作状态。仿真信号和实验信号的分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

金属团簇化合物W2Ag4S8(dppf)2激发态非线性光学性质

用Z扫描方法测量了金属团簇化合物W2Ag4S8(dppf)2的非线性光学响应,发现团簇W2Ag4S8(dppf)2具有显著的反饱和吸收和自聚焦等非线性光学性质.应用激发态理论分析了团簇W2Ag4S8(dppf)2的非线性吸收和非线性折射,结果与实验数据一致.通过数值模拟获得激发态和基态吸收截面比值Ka及非线性折射度比值Kr,阐述了Ka和Kr的物理意义.确定了团簇W2Ag4S8(dppf)2的三阶极化率x(3).团簇化合物W2Ag4S8(dppf)2对脉宽为纳秒的激发脉冲限幅效果比较好.     

Reconfigurable time-steered array-antenna beam former

We present and analyze a hardware-optimized technique that provides true-time-delay steering for broadband two-dimensional array-antenna applications. The technique improves on previous approaches by the reduction of the two-dimensional beam-former architecture complexity, by the provision of flexibility in time-delay unit selection, and by the potential reduction of optical loss. The technique relies on a one-dimensional bank of time-delay units to form the required time-delay gradient for proper off-broadside angle steering. A reconfigurable optical interconnection fabric is used to reassign dynamically the connections between the time-delay units and individual array elements of a two-dimensional array to effect the proper steering angle along the off-broadside cone.     

Quantum coherence effects in a Raman amplifier

We have studied optical pulse propagation in a Raman fiber amplifier doped with a three-level medium and driven by a control laser pulse. We analyze the spatial-temporal dynamics of pulse propagation for different atomic initial conditions. The propagation of an optical pulse through the amplifier can be sustained by a control laser that induces transparency via quantum coherence, which is useful for extending the distance between optical repeaters. Under certain conditions, amplification is achieved without population inversion. The results could be useful for laser control of optical pulses in amplifiers and waveguides.     

Analysis of Optical Pulse Distortion Through Clouds for Satellite to Earth Adaptive Optical Communication

Abstract

Clouds, if part of an optical communication channel, cause temporal widening and attenuation of optical pulse power. Space optical communication from satellite to earth (ground or airplane) occasionally involves clouds as part of the optical channel. Here, based upon Monte Carlo simulations, mathematical models are developed for the temporal characteristics of optical pulse propagation through clouds. These include temporal impulse response, transfer function, bandwidth, received energy and bode analysis. The method presented here can be used as an inclusive framework for developing other mathematical models of other characteristics of radiation propagating through clouds, as required. Several conclusions of this work are obtained. One is that simple prediction models can be applied to adaptive methods of optical communication. Another is that using shorter wavelengths such as 0·532 μm yields least temporal widening and maximum received power, and is thus preferable for optical communication. In addition, the simulation results strongly support the use of the double gamma function model to best describe optical pulse spread through clouds. This work is the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to present a comprehensive analysis of space optical communication through clouds.     

Slow light generation using SBS in a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber

Based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the slow light effect in photonic crystal fibre (PCF), which is filled with highly nonlinear liquid-carbon disuphide in the core region, is investigated. Maximum allowable pump power for undistorted output pulse, minimum value of pump power required to initiate the SBS effect, Brillouin gain and time-tonic delay experienced by the pulse in the designed liquid-core photonic crystal fibre, are all calculated numerically. We have found that the maximum time-delay up to ～134.4 ns at 1.064 μm can be obtained using 1 m long liquid-core PCF pumped with only 65.8 mW, which is lower than the value reported in the literature for achieving such a high delay time. The results indicate that liquid-core PCF is capable of generating tunable time-delay that is adjusted by the pump power and structural parameters of the proposed liquid-core PCF.     

Reconstruction of polarization-shaped laser pulses after a hollow-core fiber using backreflection

We present a method to reconstruct the pulse shape of polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses after a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber by reflecting the pulses back through the fiber. First, a procedure is introduced to receive the optical fiber properties and generate parametrically shaped pulses after propagation through the fiber. Changes of the fiber's birefringence by mechanical stress are examined to investigate the correlation between the pulse shapes after one and two passes through the fiber. Finally, we demonstrate the characterization of the pulse after one pass through the fiber by calculating the pulse shape from the measured pulse after two passes.     

Efficient type I second-harmonic generation of subpicosecond laser pulses with a series of alternating nonlinear and delay crystals

We propose a novel configuration of efficient type I second-harmonic generation (SHG) with ultrashort laser pulses by group-velocity compensation. The configuration is composed of a type I SHG crystal and a series of alternating time-delay and type I SHG crystals. The numerical calculations show that the conversion efficiency can be increased to almost 100% by using crystal pairs in series, and the duration of the second-harmonic pulse is almost the same as that of the fundamental pulse.     

Deaberration of incoherent wavefront distortion: An approach towardinverse filtering

Techniques for the correction of ultrasonic wavefront distortion are compared using measured pulse transmission through human breast specimens. The measured data were obtained by recording the pulse signals on each element of a linear array that was moved in elevation to synthesize a two-dimensional aperture. The one-way point spread functions were reconstructed using matched filtering technique, phase conjugation, time-delay compensation, and backpropagation followed by phase conjugation, each with and without amplitude compression. Two measures of performance were compared, the mainlobe diffraction shape and the ratio of the energy outside the mainlobe to the energy inside the mainlobe. Matched filtering, which compensates the phase distortion but also increases the variation in the modulus, performs more poorly than other techniques with respect to both measures. Phase conjugation and time-delay compensation, which leave the magnitude of the wavefront unchanged, have similar beamwidths but phase conjugation is consistently superior with respect to energy ratio. The backpropagation method, which models wavefront distortion using a phase screen at a computed position between the source and aperture, is shown to perform better. The use of a novel amplitude compression that approaches inverse filtering improves the performance of the compensation techniques significantly. This is because inverse filtering optimizes image fidelity, in contrast, for example, to matched filtering, which optimizes SNR. With the amplitude compression method, the results of the one-way experiments show that the mainlobe shape can be recovered down to -30 dB     

Ultrafast optical pulse digitization with unary spectrally encoded cross-phase modulation

A method to digitize the intensity of ultrashort laser pulses for high-speed optical signal processing is described. This digitization was based on the spectral broadening of a weak probe (carrier) pulse by a more intense pump (signal) pulse through the nonlinear optical process of cross-phase modulation (XPM). The signal pulse intensity was varied to generate different spectral widths that can be encoded into digital form. Using a 50-ps time-divided multiplexing pulse train with a waveguide splitter, combiner, and an array of fibers with variable lengths, a unary XPM encoding approach is demonstrated. The spectral encoding scheme can be used to achieve a 5-GHz sampling rate at a 16-level accuracy.     

Pulse shaping by the electro-optic effect in chirped periodically poled lithium niobate

We propose an ultrafast pulse shaping method by modulating the pulse phase and amplitude by the electro-optic effect and Bragg diffraction in the aperiodically optical superlattice. Linear-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate is used. The input pulse can be shaped, for example, by compressing it through the extraordinary refractive index change of the crystal by applying and changing the external electric field.