美国可再生能源发展和节能现状

国家发改委组织了关于美国可再生能源发展和节能情况的考察。本文就考察情况总结介绍了美国能源开发利用现状；重点阐述了美国的可再生能源和节能政策，以及美国可再生能源和节能的产业概况；最后对加快我国可再生能源发展和节能提出了建议。     

美国可再生能源和节能情况考察

美国和中国的能源生产和消费分别居世界第一位和第二位。借鉴美国在节能和可再生能源方面的经验,对我国调整能源结构、提高能源安全、保护生态环境和实现可持续发展具有重要作用。本文介绍了美国能源开发利用的现状,分析了美国可再生能源和节能政策及这些政策对美国可再生能源和节能产业发展所产生的影响,提出了我国加快可再生能源和节能发展的建议。     

企业能源管理标准化与体系研究

随着经济全球化的不断深入,标准化已成为世界各国促进产业发展,推动对外贸易及规范市场秩序的重要手段。能源标准化是依据我国能源战略方针和节能政策的需要,为发展节能技术,加强节能工作的科学管理,提高能源利用效率,从而达到节     

改革开放40年节能成效举世瞩目

改革开放40年,我国节能在经历了从解决能源供需不平衡矛盾转向追求能源经济效益、成为绿色低碳的可持续发展模式、肩负着能源消费革命使命三次大转变的同时,取得了以低能源消费增速支撑国民经济的快速增长、推动全社会技术进步、创新政府节能管理模式等卓越成效。节能和提高能源效率已成为我国中长期能源发展战略的第一战略,我国节能的全球影响力也不断提升。面临新挑战,应继续发挥节能"指挥棒"的作用,以政府规制和市场信号共同引导全社会节能,鼓励创新节能手段和措施,常抓不懈地落实节能优先战略,推动经济社会的高质量发展。     

后世博上海节能与清洁能源汽车发展策略研究

从奥运到世博,节能与清洁能源汽车已成为体现绿色科技奥运、低碳科技世博理念最大亮点之一,也是我国节能与清洁能源汽车发展的重要里程碑。低排放的燃油汽车、燃气汽车、电力驱动汽车和其他替代燃料汽车多条路线都取得进展,节能与清洁能源汽车下一步发展路径等一系列问题受到业内广泛关注。本文通过对国际节能与清洁能源汽车发展动态和我国十多年来的发展历程剖析,结合对行业发展环境研究和笔者多年从事推进研究工作实践,对后世博上海节能与清洁能源汽车发展策略、路径进行研究和思考,并提出对策建议。     

汽车发动机生产制造的节能实践

本文小结了发动机生产制造的一些节能实践,涉及节能技术应用、能源管理体系、能源大数据管理,探究进一步挖掘节能潜力、提高能源绩效、不断降低产品能源单耗,从而实现清洁生产、低碳发展的有效模式。     

《德国2050年能源效率战略》对我国的启示

德国政府十分重视通过节能和发展可再生能源实现能源转型。为进一步推进其能源转型,实现其气候中和目标,德国出台了《德国2050年能源效率战略》,提出了节能提高能效中长期目标,并在工业、建筑、交通等各个行业作出具体部署。德国作为全球能源转型的典范,其在节能上的相关举措对我国有一定借鉴意义。重点分析研究了《德国2050年能源效率战略》及其相关举措,从强化“能效优先”理念、制定中长期战略、出台奖惩措施、利用科技手段,推动节能降碳发展四个方面对我国的节能发展提出了相关政策建议。     

电力工业对于能源效率和节能的作用

提高能源效率和节能是能源发展的上策,而且可以减少环境污染.一般认为发展电力工业和实行电气化可以提高能源利用效率和节约能源.如我国上个世纪最后的20年里,经济翻两番,电力翻了两番多,能源消费翻了一番.所以,电力工业对于提高能源效率和节能的作用确实很大.     

纺织企业能源审计与节能潜力分析

节能减排是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择,是实现科学发展和可持续发展的必要途径。能源审计是全面了解企业能源消费过程和能源利用效率,帮助企业寻找节能潜力,加强能源管理,降低生产成本的重要方式。纺织业是重点耗能行业之一,是技术、资源、能源与劳动力密集型产业。通过不同规模纺织类企业的能源审计得到了能源消费指标和数据,找出了节能潜力,提出了切实可行的节能措施,为企业节能和政府决策提供了参考依据。     

有关我国节能的几个战略指导思想

节能对我国的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于中国能源发展的具体国情,提出中国特有的5个节能战略指导思想:应始终从全生命周期角度看节能问题,使动态发展过程中整体系统能源成本最低;从系统层次、供需协调的角度构建可持续能源系统,把合适的能源放在合适的地方;应充分利用终端节能的"放大效应",从用能侧减少需求;严格执行能源生产和消费总量控制,遏制能耗过快增长;强调社会、人文因素和充分发挥政府职能。     

Modelling energy systems for developing countries

Developing countries’ energy use is rapidly increasing, which affects global climate change and global and regional energy settings. Energy models are helpful for exploring the future of developing and industrialised countries. However, energy systems of developing countries differ from those of industrialised countries, which has consequences for energy modelling. New requirements need to be met by present-day energy models to adequately explore the future of developing countries’ energy systems. This paper aims to assess if the main characteristics of developing countries are adequately incorporated in present-day energy models. We first discuss these main characteristics, focusing particularly on developing Asia, and then present a model comparison of 12 selected energy models to test their suitability for developing countries. We conclude that many models are biased towards industrialised countries, neglecting main characteristics of developing countries, e.g. the informal economy, supply shortages, poor performance of the power sector, structural economic change, electrification, traditional bio-fuels, urban–rural divide. To more adequately address the energy systems of developing countries, energy models have to be adjusted and new models have to be built. We therefore indicate how to improve energy models for increasing their suitability for developing countries and give advice on modelling techniques and data requirements.     

A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries

The rapid growth of energy use, worldwide, hfs raised concerns over problems of energy supply and exhaustion of energy resources. Most of the developed countries are implementing building energy regulations such as energy standards, codes etc., to reduce building energy consumption. The position of developing countries with respect to energy regulations implementation and enforcement is either poorly documented or not documented at all. In addition, there is a lack of consistent data, which makes it difficult to understand the underlying changes that affect energy regulation implementation in developing countries. In that respect, this paper investigates the progress of building energy regulations in developing countries and its implication for energy conservation and efficiency. The present status of building energy regulations in 60 developing countries around the world was analysed through a survey of building energy regulations using online survey. The study revealed the present progress made on building energy regulations in relation to implementation, development and compliance; at the same time the study recommends possible solutions to the barriers facing building energy regulation implementation in the developing world.     

Modelling energy demand of developing countries: Are the specific features adequately captured?

This paper critically reviews existing energy demand forecasting methodologies highlighting the methodological diversities and developments over the past four decades in order to investigate whether the existing energy demand models are appropriate for capturing the specific features of developing countries. The study finds that two types of approaches, econometric and end-use accounting, are commonly used in the existing energy demand models. Although energy demand models have greatly evolved since the early seventies, key issues such as the poor–rich and urban–rural divides, traditional energy resources and differentiation between commercial and non-commercial energy commodities are often poorly reflected in these models. While the end-use energy accounting models with detailed sectoral representations produce more realistic projections as compared to the econometric models, they still suffer from huge data deficiencies especially in developing countries. Development and maintenance of more detailed energy databases, further development of models to better reflect developing country context and institutionalizing the modelling capacity in developing countries are the key requirements for energy demand modelling to deliver richer and more reliable input to policy formulation in developing countries.     

Renewable energy options: What could developing countries expect from them?

In order to make a realistic assessment of the energy alternatives for the developing world, the present conditions of the developing region, consisting of Africa and Asia (excluding South Africa, Japan and China), are studied first. Highlights include: low commercial energy consumption (0.2 kW/cap), heavy dependence on oil and noncommercial energy, and especially poor conditions of the rural energy supply.Since fossil fuels need to be conserved and nuclear energy is not an option for many of the developing countries, what renewable options could bring is evaluated in detail. Socio-techno-economic parameters for developing and employing renewable energy sources are identified for biogas, wood plantation, solar, and hydropower. The study concludes that the developing countries could obtain 35% of the energy in 2030 with the low-demand scenario of 0.9 kW/cap. However, with the high-demand scenario of 1.4 kW/cap, active policies in nuclear energy and fossil fuels as well would be required.     

开展节能监察监测促进企业降低能耗

本文根据全国和江西的能源形势及能源利用概况,阐述了节能及开展节能监察监测的必要性和重要性,介绍了江西省开展节能监察监测工作情况,分析了节能监察监测面临的新形势,明确了今后的任务.     

国外风能利用和研制技术新进展

风能作为可再生能源之一，一直是开发和利用的重点。在新世纪，风能在国民经济和新能源发展中占有重要地位，其利用和开发技术也有新的发展。     

发展新能源任重道远

叙迷了发展新能源需要关注的4个重要问题:可持续发展问题;低碳经济是可持续发展的重要手段;新能源将引领下一次产业革命;发展新能源任重道远.     

探究山西省低碳经济之路——“山西省低碳经济发展高峰论坛”的专家谏言

叙述了发展低碳经济的紧迫性,指出,山西应从加大投资,开发无碳和可再生能源,促进高碳能源低碳化利用,开发煤气化与氢能的结合、煤层气综合利用、焦炉煤气深加工的技术,制作氢与天然气的混合燃料,以及强化高碳企业集群化、低碳化发展,培养低碳经济龙头企业和加强政府政策扶持等方面着手,推进山西低碳经济的发展。     

车用替代能源综合评价与发展策略

本文从技术性与政策性角度分析了各种车用替代能源的技术优缺点以及政策支持力度。研究表明:首先,发展车用替代能源应该以新能源汽车及传统汽车的替代燃料两个方面为重点。其中,新能源汽车以燃气汽车、混合动力汽车与甲醇汽车为主要发展方向,使用替代能源为天然气或液化石油气、电与甲醇;传统汽车替代燃料以甲醇汽油、生物柴油与二甲醚为主要发展方向。其次,由于发展的多元性,车用替代能源发展策略应该同时注重区域性、技术性以及政策性。     

Economic growth,energy conservation and emissions reduction: A comparative analysis based on panel data for 8 Asian-Pacific countries

This study was conducted to evaluate the causality between energy consumption, GDP growth and carbon emissions for eight Asia-Pacific countries from 1971 to 2005 using the panel data. The results indicate that there are long-run equilibrium relationships between these variables. Additionally, causality from energy consumption to CO₂ emissions was observed generally, but there were some opposite relationships also. Parameter estimations of the panel data model indicate that there are great differences in the carbon emissions, the efficiencies of energy use, carbon emissions of unit GDP and unit energy consumption between developed and developing countries. The base carbon emissions, per capita energy consumption and efficiency of energy use in developing countries are far lower than in developed countries; however, the CO₂ emissions per unit of energy use is higher. Although developing countries may reduce their CO₂ emission per unit energy use, total energy consumption will rise rapidly with economic development. Thus, developing countries must determine how to undergo economic growth while conserving energy and reducing emissions. To respond to global climate change, it is necessary to develop innovative technology for energy use, transform the energy structure and conduct the clean development mechanism.