浅议暖通空调节能设计的若干问题

分析了暖通空调节能设计中存在的问题,提出了暖通空调节能设计的一般原则和设计中应注意的问题。     

分析暖通空调节能设计中应注意的问题

建筑工程中暖通空调为满足社会需要,也就需要进行节能设计.下面就对暖通空调在节能设计应该注意的问题进行分析,并提出了相应的对策.     

暖通空调节能设计分析

随着社会经济的大力发展,各行各业对于能源消耗都比较大,尤其是在建筑领域能耗更大,而暖通系统在建筑领域能耗中占比最大,过多的能耗给环境带来了巨大的压力,让人们生活的环境日益变得恶劣,因此,暖通空调的创新方法提出至关重要。降低暖通空调的能耗,从而让建筑领域的整体能耗下降。让国家在经济发展的同时更能关注环境问题,促进经济的平稳运行。对暖通空调的概念进行介绍,分析暖通空调节能设计的意义,从暖通空调设计的原则提出暖通空调的发展现状,最后提出如何进行节能设计。     

建筑暖通空调系统节能设计中绿色理念的运用

在建筑工程中,暖通空调系统的能耗较高,为降低该系统的能耗,可在节能设计中引入绿色理念。从分析建筑暖通空调节能设计引入绿色理念的重要意义入手,阐述了基于绿色理念的暖通空调系统设计原则,以及绿色理念在建筑暖通空调系统节能设计中的运用,最后论述了工程应用实例。     

建筑本体(热工)、建筑总体及暖通空调节能设计的主旨与区别

建筑本体节能设计是建筑节能设计的基础部分,建筑热工节能设计是建筑本体节能设计的主要组成部分;暖通空调等建筑设备节能设计是建筑节能设计的终端部分,建筑总体节能设计由基础部分和终端部分组成。建筑本体节能设计旨在控制暖通空调等建筑设备的用能负荷,建筑热工节能设计旨在控制围护结构暖通空调负荷,暖通空调等建筑设备节能设计旨在控制其供用能系统效率,建筑总体节能设计旨在控制整个建筑物的能耗。《对公共建筑节能设计标准宣贯辅导教材》等相关文献中对上述几种节能设计(参数)的含义、功用与区别表述不甚清晰的部分进行了分析和讨论。     

暖通空调制冷系统中的节能环保技术分析

自改革开放后,我国经济呈飞跃式发展,人们的生活水平也不断提高,当人们在温饱得以保障后,进一步对生活的各个方面的要求越来越高。特别是现代建设的不断发展,暖通空调逐渐成为现代建筑中不可或缺的一部分。暖通空调在带给人们舒适的生活与工作环境的同时,也对环境造成了极大的影响,并且暖通空调制冷系统在运行过程中还会消耗较多的能源,这显然违背了我国经济社会的可持续发展理念,因此针对暖通空调制冷系统的工作原理,科学的应用节能环保技术来降低能耗,减少对环境的影响非常重要,文中就暖通空调制冷系统中节能环保技术的应用开展分析。     

建筑环境与暖通空调节能设计分析

建筑环境与暖通空调对人们日常生活有十分紧密的联系,主要是由于人们的日常生活和工作一般都在建筑内,为了保障建筑物内空气环境的温湿度,常常采用暖通空调系统来实现这一目的。基于此,对建筑环境与暖通空调节能设计进行简要探讨。     

建筑暖通空调设计及节能分析

当前建筑暖通空调的能耗在中国的能源消耗中的占比为10%左右,考虑到中国采暖用冷的城镇人口占比较低,因此实际的建筑暖通空调能耗占比已经相当高了。为了响应国家的低碳发展政策,对建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计提出了更高的要求。暖通设计工作者要根据不同的建筑类型、特点和用途对空调系统进行差异化设计,其目的就是达到既要满足建筑的用能需求又能使能耗最小化。从当前暖通空调设计发展现状着眼,对建筑暖通空调的设计及节能进行分析,尽可能地降低能源消耗,促进暖通空调的节能发展。     

基于建筑环境的空调系统节能分析

针对暖通空调节能的趋势 ,分析了建筑环境对暖通空调系统的影响 ,提出从建筑环境方面考虑问题是暖通空调节能的必要途径 ,概括地介绍了空调能源的发展方向和空调节能的多种手法     

暖通空调系统节能探讨

主要介绍了暖通空调系统节能的有效途径，阐述了在设计上施工上体会，从节能 角度进行设计方案的比较和优选，开展了冷热回收的综合利用，解决了暖通空调系统在运行过 程中存在的问题。     

地下商业建筑暖通空调系统的设计对人们环境心理的影响

根据环境心理学的基本原理，结合地下商业建筑暖通空调工程设计的实际经验，阐述了空调系统的人性化设计在创造良好的地下商业心理环境中的重要作用，并且在实际工程的基础上提出了改善地下商业空间环境心理中舒适感和安全感的有关暖通设计的具体措施。     

Simulation of façade and envelope design options for a new institutional building

This paper presents a simulation case study of façade and envelope preliminary design options for the new Engineering building of Concordia University in Montreal. A major principle of the analysis was to create a high quality building envelope in order to optimally control solar gains, reduce heating and cooling energy demand and reduce electricity consumption for lighting, while at the same time maintain a comfortable and pleasant indoor environment. The stated approach of the design team was to aim for an energy-efficient building, employing innovative technologies and integrating concepts such as daylighting and natural ventilation. Detailed energy simulations were therefore performed from the early design stage, in order to present recommendations on the choice of façade, glazings, shading devices, lighting control options, and natural ventilation. Integrated thermal studies, a daylighting analysis and the impact of the above on HVAC system sizing were considered. Simulation results showed that, using an optimum combination of glazings, shading devices and controllable electric lighting systems, the energy savings in perimeter spaces can be substantial. Perimeter heating could be eliminated if a high performance envelope is used. The building is currently being commissioned.     

旅游饭店中央空调节能问题和对策

旅游饭店中央空调节能问题应从建筑设计、空调系统设计和运行管理等三方面综合分析,采取相应的对策和措施,使之既提高能量利用效率又满足合理需求。参３。     

某大酒店空调制冷供热系统运行调试中三个问题的探讨

通过对呼市某酒店空调及制冷供热水系统检测调试中发现的三个问题的分析研究,着重探讨了宾馆饭店空调制冷供热系统设计中普遍存在的系统分区、制冷设备选择和空调热水供热系统与低温热水网络连接问题,并提出了相应的改进方案和技术措施。     

The building process of single-family houses and the embeddedness (or disembeddedness) of energy

People building their own houses have, at least theoretically, substantial autonomy when choosing, for example, a heating system and windows. In this article, focus is on the process of building new single-family houses and how energy efficiency and energy-efficient technology are incorporated into the building process. The conclusions emphasize energy as only one factor in housing purchase decisions. It is a big challenge to make low-energy building important to consumers. Consumer preferences for new products are unlikely to fully develop unless individuals have the opportunity to interact with them. It is difficult for consumers to know what to ask for if they lack experience of energy-efficient technologies. In the studied cases, the building codes and established standards became extremely decisive for how energy issues were included in the process. There is a need to change the design of incentives so as to make the least energy-efficient choice the most expensive. The most energy-efficient solution should be standard, and if the buyer wants to depart from that standard and build using less energy-efficient construction, then that should cost more.     

What can we learn from high-frequency appliance-level energy metering? Results from a field experiment

This study uses high-frequency appliance-level electricity consumption data for 124 apartments over 24 months to provide a better understanding of appliance-level electricity consumption behavior. We conduct our analysis in a standardized set of apartments with similar appliances, which allows us to identify behavioral differences in electricity use. The Results show that households' estimations of appliance-level consumption are inaccurate and that they overestimate lighting use by 75% and underestimate plug-load use by 29%. We find that similar households using the same major appliances exhibit substantial variation in appliance-level electricity consumption. For example, households in the 75th percentile of HVAC usage use over four times as much electricity as a user in the 25th percentile. Additionally, we show that behavior accounts for 25–58% of this variation. Lastly, we find that replacing the existing refrigerator with a more energy-efficient model leads to overall energy savings of approximately 11%. This is equivalent to results from behavioral interventions targeting all appliances but might not be as cost effective. Our findings have important implications for behavior-based energy conservation policies.     

Impact of building forms on thermal performance and thermal comfort conditions in religious buildings in hot climates: a case study in Sharjah city

The common system used for thermal regulation in mosques of United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. This system increases demands on energy consumption and increases CO₂ emission. A passive design approach is one of the measures to reduce these problems. This study involved an analytical examination of building forms, followed by testing the impact of these forms on its thermal performance and indoor thermal comfort. The tests were conducted using energy simulations software packages. Passive parameters such as shading devices, thermal insulation and natural ventilation were applied in six cases, including the baseline case within each form. The obtained results showed a significant effect of mosque forms as well as passive design techniques on the thermal comfort within the structures. The findings confirmed that the use of passive design alone would not help achieve thermal comfort, but reduce the annual energy consumption by10%. By integrating a hybrid air-conditioning system as another supporting approach, the annual energy consumption could be reduced by 67.5%, which allows for the designing of a much smaller HVAC system.     

建筑物能量系统多层次集成建模的探讨

针对暖通空调设计中存在的几个问题,由浅入深地分析了建筑物复合能量系统的三种结构,不提出建筑物能量系统中六种流结构模型,在此基础上,结合多层次集成模型的分析思路和框图,最后对并行工程在集成建模策略中的指导作用及其实现方法做了讨论。     

Energy conservation by using energy efficient electric motors

This paper deals with energy conservation by installing energy-efficient (EE) motors instead of standard efficiency motors. This transition become a necessity as a direct result of limitation in energy sources and escalating energy prices. As electric motors use about three quarters of the total electric energy in Bahrain, attempts to conserve the energy consumed by electric motors recently received intensive research efforts. Therefore, the energy efficiencies of energy efficient motors are compared with those of standard efficiency motors ranging from 5 to 300 HP. To provide more clarification in this regard, full design details of 200 HP standard-efficiency and energy-efficient motors are compared. Pay back periods when replacing standard-efficiency motors with energy-efficient motors, with reference to Bahrain's market, have been discussed. Finally the energy-conservation capability of EE motors in the petrochemical industry has been discussed.