以水为工质的铜基微通道热沉的流态可视化与传热特性

设计了微通道流态观测系统,在低雷诺数(34～191)条件下,对以水为工质的一种铜基微通道热沉的流态、温差、压降与其传热特性的关系进行研究。通过可视化观察发现,此微通道的主要流态形式为环状流并随着热流密度的进一步增大呈现周期性震荡。在微通道出现干涸现象时,流体流量迅速下降至零。低入口雷诺数下,首次发现了微通道热沉底部轴向温度呈现中间低两边高的现象。这可能由于流态为充分沸腾的环状流时,与壁面的换热效率最高导致的。微通道热沉的压降损失随着雷诺数和热流密度的增加而增大。分析结果表明,流体流态是影响铜-水微通道热沉换热特性的决定性因素。     

螺旋管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式拟合与误差分析

为了发展适于螺旋管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式,基于流动沸腾传热机理,引入参数D_n数来修正复杂管道对传热系数的影响,并经过回归计算确定D_n数的指数,从而发展了螺旋管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式。进一步分析了传热系数预测值与实验值的偏差随流量、干度的变化情况。利用以R134a为介质的螺旋管传热实验数据验证了该关联式的适用性,并采用平均相对误差(the mean relative error, MRE)和均方根误差(the root mean square error, RMSE)来衡量预测结果的准确性,计算出MRE在8.23%范围内,RMSE为0.532。该平均相对误差值和均方根误差值都比较小,表明回归计算结果符合要求。因此,复杂管道引入参数D_n数建立传热系数关联式是非常适用的,并值得推广应用。     

微圆柱阵微通道内沸腾换热及气泡运动特性研究

基于流体体积(VOF)模型对恒定热流密度下的微圆柱阵通道内的流动沸腾换热特性展开数值研究,并利用几何重构法捕捉气液两相界面迁移变化,研究了流道内流速的分布和微圆柱高度对气泡分布、沸腾换热性能及沸腾不稳定性的影响。结果表明:微圆柱的存在增加了气泡核化点密度;气泡运动增加了工质与加热壁面接触的可能性;微圆柱高度较低时,易发生气塞现象,加热面散热不均导致局部异常过热,换热性能下降;微圆柱阵通过阻碍气泡反向流动来降低沸腾不稳定性,但微圆柱高度过高会造成换热系统振荡,影响传热可靠性。     

基于 RBF神经网络的水平光管内R407C流动沸腾换热预测

基于 RBF神经网络建立了水平光管内混合工质 R407C流动沸腾换热的预测模型,以质流密度(G),热通量(q),干度(x),饱和温度(Tsat)和光管内径(D)作为网络输入,流动沸腾换热系数(h)作为网络输出,神经网络模型通过训练学习,对水平光管内 R407C的流动沸腾换热系数进行预测,经实验数据验证,预测结果与实验结果吻合较好,网络预测的平均误差为-0.9%,绝对误差为5.5%,均方根误差为10.9%,并且网络预测结果与四个传统关联式的计算结果相比有了明显的改善.由此说明该模型适用于水平光管内 R407C的流动沸腾换热预测,对采用 R407C制冷系统管式蒸发器的优化设计具有一定的指导意义     

池核沸腾传热强化及阻垢研究

通过池沸腾实验,利用自动数据采集系统考察了CaCO3的生成对饱和池核沸腾传热的影响,并考察添加剂和超疏水表面对池核沸腾传热的影响。选用W/O型聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM)为添加剂,研究了添加剂水溶液的性质、添加剂浓度、热通量等因素对池核沸腾传热的影响,并对CaCO3的形成影响池核沸腾传热过程进行了机理分析,并以表面核化中心与污垢沉积及生长相互影响的观点对实验结果进行了解释。本实验通过动态模拟研究结果表明,W/O型聚丙烯酰胺具有强化池核沸腾传热的性能,PAM可降低气泡的脱离直径,增加气泡的脱离频率,提高传热系数,而且有最佳浓度范围;同时还表明经过超疏水处理后的加热器表面具有良好的抗垢性能,在稳定阶段,处理后的表面的传热系数高于未处理表面上的传热系数。     

Characteristics of radiation and convection heat transfer in indirect near-infrared-ray heating chamber

Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation,conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray (NIR) heating chamber.The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers.The Reynolds numbers were varied from 103 to 3×106,which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cy...     

水平管道过冷沸腾换热的非稳态数值计算

为研究循环式冷却系中涉及的过冷沸腾流动传热特性,基于VOF多相流模型和Lee相变模型对一水平管道中的过冷流动沸腾过程进行非稳态数值计算。考虑到沸腾起始点的影响,在Lee模型的基础上引入Bergles提出的沸腾起始点关联式以对其进行修正。从热边界层发展和沸腾阶段的发展两方面分析水平管道过冷沸腾换热过程中的流动换热特性及其波动规律,总结了不同热流密度工况下相关参数的分布关系以及对流换热系数沿流动方向的分布规律。结果表明：热边界层的发展和沸腾不断加剧使得流场的不稳定性增加,加热区域后部对流换热系数的波动幅值是入口附近的2倍;热流密度的增加使得流动和换热参数沿流动方向的变化速度加快,热流密度为250 kW/m²工况下,热边界层发展所影响区域约为150 kW/m²工况下的60%;热边界层的发展使得加热段前部的对流换热系数呈现前高后低的特点。当受热区域热流密度较大时,换热设备可以通过减小换热通道长度的方式,在提升换热效率同时减小沸腾带来的换热系数波动的影响。     

冲击射流中圆柱尾流的流动特性与分析

本研究通过在冲击射流中设置圆柱棒作可视化观察,分析强化传热机构的流动特性;利用统计分析,探导圆柱棒直径及圆柱间距等对强化传热的影响。     

Enhancement of flow boiling heat transfer with surfactant

The surfactant additive octadecylamine (ODA) was used to enhance the flow boiling heat transfer of water in vertical copper tube, and the effects of the aqueous solution properties, mass fraction of ODA, mass flux and heat flux etc. on flow boiling heat transfer were investigated. In order to analyze the mechanism of enhancement on boiling heat transfer with ODA, the copper surface was detected by XPS, and the diagram of binding energy was obtained. The results show that ODA can be adsorbed on the surface of the copper wall, and affects the properties of the heating surfaces and enhances the flow boiling heat transfer of water. Only in low heat flux and in a suitable range of concentration, can ODA aqueous solution enhance flow boiling heat transfer, and the suitable mass fraction of ODA is in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁵ −5 × 10⁻⁵. In addition, compared with water, ODA aqueous solution does not increase the flow drag under the same experimental conditions. Foundation item: The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No. 94220) Biography of the first author: QIU Yun-ren, doctoral student, born in Dec. 1966, majoring in heat and mass transfer in chemical engineering.     

Numerical study on convective heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in vertically upward and downward tubes

The experimental measurement of supercritical pressure carbon dioxide(sCO_2) heat transfer in vertical downward flow was performed in a circular tube with inner diameter of 10 mm. Then, a three-dimensional numerical investigation of sCO_2 heat transfer in upward and downward flows was performed in a vertical heated circular tube. The influence of heat flux, mass flux,and operating pressure on heat transfer under different flow directions were discussed. According to the "pseudo-phase transition" viewpoint to supercritical fluids, the analogy to the subcritical inverted-annular film boiling model, the physical model to sCO_2 heat transfer was established, where fluid region at the cross-section of circular tube was divided into gas-like region covering heated wall and core liquid-like phase region. Then, the thermal resistance mechanism which comprehensively reflected the effect of multiple factors including the thickness of the gas-like film or liquid-like region, fluid properties and turbulence on heat diffusion was proposed. Surprisingly, thermal resistance variation in upward flow is well identical with that of wall temperature and heat transfer deterioration is predicted successfully. In addition, compared with thermal resistance in the core liquid-like region, gas-like film formation is determined to be the primary factor affecting heat transfer behavior. Results also show that total thermal resistance in upward flow is always larger than that in downward flow. The investigation can provide valuable guide to design and optimize sCO_2 heaters.     

自然循环蒸汽发生器稳态运行特性实验研究

双恒定运行方案是船用核动力装置的理想运行方案,有利于提高核力装置的总体运行性能,理论分析表明,船用压水堆核动力装置实现双恒定运行方案的热工水工条件,是自然循环蒸汽发发器一次侧冷却剂流量必须与装置负荷保持一定函数关系,通过调节冷却剂流量可改变蒸汽发生器的传热特性,从而在冷剂平均温度不变的关提下保持蒸汽压力恒定,为了证理论分析结果,与核动力运行研究结合作运行了真实运行参数条件下的蒸汽发生器传热实验,实验结果证实了理论计算方法与结果的合理与可信。     

紧凑式微通道蒸发器设计的理论探讨

机动车辆、航空以及低温制冷技术领域中紧凑式微通道蒸发器的研究开发已成为当今的热门之一.本文从紧凑式微通道蒸发器内的传热、换热量的估算和设计时理论限制方面进行了讨论.指出对于微通道沸腾换热的传热机理等的研究对工程设计和应用来讲还没有形成合适的技术指导依据,蒸发器尺寸、通道直径、数目、通道长度、换热效率以及泵功率之间是相互制约的.     

接触模拟方式对缸盖热应力分析的影响

利用Pro／E软件对某柴油机气缸盖进行三维实体建模,并对该模型进行了热负荷分析,其中水腔的热边界条件用CFD软件Fluent进行求解,对座圈与缸盖之间的接触采用Bonded和Frictional两种不同的接触方式进行模拟,而后利用ANSYS-workbench软件计算出缸盖热-机耦合应力,并对2种接触形式对缸盖强度的影响进行分析。     

混合物沸腾传热研究

对乙二醇－水、乙醇－水、丙醇－乙醇几种二元混合物进行了池式沸腾传热实验,实验结果表明：这些二元混合物池式沸腾传热膜系数较其纯组分的低。并在此基础上对二元混合物沸腾传热机理进行了探讨。     

Fundamental studies on enhancing heat transfer in contact zone during high efficiency grinding

On the basis of research on the thermal effect in grinding contact zone during high efficiency grinding, an idea of enhancing heat transfer in contact zone using high pressure water jet impinging is advanced. Fundamental heat transfer experiments on enhancing heat transfer with high pressure water jet impinging were completed. The maximum speed of jet impinging reaches 110m/s. The experimental results of transient and steady-state experiment prove that the critical heat flux and the heat-transfer coefficient of water jet impinging are 70 and 30 times those of the pool boiling, respectively. Furthermore, a new grinding fluid supply system was employed to enhance heat transfer in grinding zone by high-pressure water jet impingement during creep feed grinding. The experimental results show that high-pressure water jet impinging has remarkable cooling effect. The temperature of the workpiece surface can be steadily kept below 100℃, while the workpiece is badly burnt with conventional coolant supply. The stu     

R245fa传热特性的实验研究

对R245fa水平光滑管管内流动沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究,主要包括加热水质量流速、工质质量流速、蒸发温度以及干度对局部换热系数的影响,结果表明在相同蒸发温度及加热水质量流速下,随着工质质量流速增大,管内流动沸腾换热系数迅速升高;在相同工质质量流速及蒸发温度下,随着加热水质量流速的增大,管内流动沸腾换热系数升高;在相同工质质量流速及加热水质量流速下,随着蒸发温度的升高,管内流动沸腾换热系数降低。分别采用Chen公式、Liu-Winterton公式、Shah公式计算了与本实验相同工况下R245fa的管内流动沸腾换热系数,其结果表明:3个预测公式的计算结果与实验值之间的平均误差分别为31.6%、6.3%、37.4%。采用Liu-Winterton公式计算R245fa的流动沸腾换热系数满足工程实际的要求。     

活塞式压缩机气缸换热的研究

本文研究的是活塞式压缩机气缸换热.通过实验观察不同转速下冷却水流量对压缩机效率的影响,确定最佳冷却水流量,气缸换热规律.并得到小型空压机最佳冷却水流量与转速的关系曲线,这样能方便操作人员确定最佳冷却水流量.     

横掠1.6/1.0椭圆管换热及流阻特性的实验研究(英文)

利用热质比拟原理及萘升华技术对空气横掠半轴比为 1 .6/1 .0椭圆管的局部及平均换热特性以及流阻进行了实验研究。实验雷诺数范围为 70 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0。实验结果表明 :该椭圆管表面上的局部换热系数分布规律与圆管相似 ,但分离点位置不同 ;其最大值在前驻点 ,之后 ,随着边界层的发展逐渐降低 ,在分离点达到最小值 ,而在尾部区域又有所回升 ;其平均换热系数高于圆管 ,而阻力低于圆管。最后 ,给出了平均对流换热系数和阻力实验关联式。     

导向管充气喷动床的流动与传热特性研究

在直径９２ｍｍ的有机玻璃制导向管充气喷动床反应器内,以玻璃珠为实验物料,以空气为喷动和充气气体,在导向管充气喷动床的最大允许充气速度范围内,考察充气速度对导向管充气喷动床的最小喷动速度、床层压降、中心喷泉高度的影响,采用示踪粒子的方法,研究充气速度对颗粒在壁效应区的下移速度的影响。并考察了热模装置内充气速度对壁与床层间传热系数的影响。结果表明：充气有利于导向管喷动床的喷动床的喷动及操作稳定性;充气     

喷涂多孔表面沸腾传热实验研究

对喷涂多孔表面沸腾传热进行了实验研究,喷涂多孔表面有三种厚度,采用蒸馏水、乙醇和R—113作实验工质,实验在当地大气压下进行．实验结果表明：喷涂多孔表面上产生沸腾的起始过热度低,传热系数比光滑表面高2—5倍．喷涂多孔表面沸腾临界热流也比光表面高,可以在比较宽的热流范围内强化沸腾换热．实验还表明：喷涂多孔表面也具有沸腾滞后现象,但是,滞后过热度较小．喷涂技术不仅具有设备简单、操作方便、费用低等优点,还具有能够适应不同基体表面形状的特殊优点．因此,喷涂表面是热管技术和蒸发器强化沸腾传热的一种有效方法．