LDPE／EVA／Mg（OH）2阻燃复合材料流变行为的研究

借助HAAKE RHEOCORD90流变仪分别在140℃、160℃和180℃三个温度下．研究了LDPE/EVA和LDPE/EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料的流变行为。研究结果表明：LDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料的熔体流动行为同LDPE／EVA一样．仍属于非牛顿型假塑性流体流动行为。不同剪切速率下，LDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料与LDPE／EVA粘流活化能相差很小．说明LOPE／EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料与LOPE/EVA一样．其熔点粘度对温度不十分敏感。相同温度下，LDPE／EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料的挤出膨胀比低于LDPE／EVA，这一特性说明LDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料制品尺寸稳定性较LOPE／EVA有所提高。     

LDPE/EVA/Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料流变行为的研究

借助HAAKE RHEOCORD 90流变仪分别在140℃、160℃、和180℃3个温度下，研究了LDPE／EVA和LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料的流变行为。研究结果表明：LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料的熔体流动行为同LDPE／EVA一样，仍属于非牛顿型假塑性流体流动行为。不同剪切速率下，LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料与LDPE／EVA粘流活化能相差很小，说明LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料与LDPE／EVA一样，其熔体粘度对温度不十分敏感。相同温度下，LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH）2阻燃复合材料的挤出膨胀比低于LDPE／EVA，这一特性说明LDPE／EVA／Mg(OH)2阻燃复合材料制品尺寸稳定性较LDPE／EVA有所提高。     

无机填料填充PE-LD/EVA合金的导热及阻燃性能

采用氧化铝（Al2O3）为导热填料、氢氧化镁［Mg(OH)2］为阻燃填料,以低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）为基体树脂制备导热阻燃复合材料。通过导热性能测试、燃烧行为表征（极限氧指数和垂直燃烧测试）以及热重分析研究了PE LD/EVA/Al2O3/Mg(OH)2复合材料的导热性能、阻燃性能及热稳定性。结果表明,含有50份Al2O3及50份Mg(OH)2的复合材料,在PE-LD/EVA质量比为1/1时,热导率可达到1.21 W/m·K;材料的阻燃性能及热稳定性都随 EVA 含量的增加而增大,极限氧指数从27.0 % 提高到31.5 %,UL 94 垂直燃烧从无等级提高到V-0级,残炭率从46.5 %提高到57.7 %。     

PP/Al(OH)_3/Mg(OH)_2阻燃复合材料的流动性能

制备了PP/Al(OH)_3/Mg(OH)_2阻燃复合材料,利用熔体流动速率仪测定了复合材料的熔体体积流动速率(MVR),并计算出其密度。结果表明:MVR随着阻燃剂质量分数的增加而减小,随着阻燃剂粒径的增加先降后升;复合材料密度随阻燃剂用量的增加呈近似线性增加,随阻燃剂粒径的增加呈近似线性降低,随着载荷的增加而提高。     

DOPO无卤阻燃PP/EVA复合材料的性能研究

采用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为无卤添加型阻燃剂,以聚丙烯(PP)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)为基体树脂,按PP/EVA质量比4∶1进行混炼、热压,制备了阻燃PP/EVA/DOPO复合材料,研究了DOPO用量对PP/EVA/DOPO阻燃性能、热性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响。结果表明:与未添加DOPO的PP/EVA相比,随着DOPO用量的增加,PP/EVA/DOPO的阻燃性能不断提高,热稳性有所提高,弯曲强度也有所提高,但拉伸强度和冲击强度有所下降;当DOPO质量分数为10%时,PP/EVA/DOPO极限氧指数由16.8%提高到22.6%,垂直燃烧性能达到V-2级别,最大热失重速率所对应的温度提高了20℃以上,熔体流动指数大幅提高达每10 min 7.795 g,加工流动性能明显改善。     

Mg(OH)2及其与红磷复配阻燃聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

研究了Mg(OH)2和Mg(OH)2/红磷复配体系阻燃聚丙烯材料的性能,选用热塑性弹性体POE对阻燃聚丙烯复合材料进行了增韧改性,结果表明:Mg(OH)2与红磷复配可以减少Mg(OH)2用量,降低对材料力学性能的损耗;POE较好地改善了材料的冲击性能,其添加量为15份时,材料的冲击强度可由8.14kJ/m2增大至12.83kJ/m2。最后利用锥形量热仪验证了Mg(OH)2/红磷复配体系的协同阻燃效应。     

Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷协效阻燃PP/PA6复合材料的研究

研究了包覆红磷和Mg(OH)2/包覆红磷复配体系对聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)合金性能的影响,分析了不同阻燃体系对PP/PA6合金的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,选用热塑性弹性体POE-g-MAH对阻燃PP/PA6复合材料进行了增韧改性.结果表明:Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷能协效阻燃PP/PA6复合体系,当包覆红磷添加量为15份.Mg(OH)2为30份时,PP/PA6复合材料的氧指数从19.2%提高到27.5%;POE较好地改善了材料的冲击性能,其添加量为15份时,材料的冲击强度可由3.4 kJ/m2增大至8.6 kJ/m2,并保持良好的阻燃性能.     

BF/PE-g-MAH/EVA复合材料的结构和性能

用NaOH碱液处理竹纤维(BF)和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH)作为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)的增强剂,通过双螺杆挤出和注射成型制备了BF/EVA、PE-g-MAH/EVA和BF/PE-g-MAH/EVA复合材料,用SEM、DSC、TG等观察和表征了形貌、结构和热性能,并测试了熔体流动速率和力学性能。研究表明,添加BF使EVA的模量和压缩强度明显增大,断裂伸长率降低。当BF含量为30%～40%(质量分数)时,BF/EVA的拉伸强度接近或超过纯EVA。BF和PE-g-MAH对EVA的结晶均有异相成核作用。PE-g-MAH可使BF在EVA中更好地分散,BF、PE-g-MAH和EVA间较强的界面结合有利于应力的有效传递。PE-g-MAH能够提高EVA及30%BF/EVA的热稳定性、拉伸和压缩性能,同时保持复合材料相对较高的断裂伸长率。     

原位气泡拉伸法制备LDPE/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料研究

用原位气泡拉伸(ISBS)法制备低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料。结果表明,ISBS法对LDPE基体中的纳米Mg(OH)2具有良好的分散能力,被分散的纳米粒子没有重新团聚。ISBS法制备的纳米复合材料的力学性能优于双螺杆剪切分散制备的复合材料的性能。复合材料的拉伸强度随着纳米Mg(OH)2添加量的增加而增大,在添加量为15份时达到最大值,然后随着添加量的增加而下降,但仍然远高于纯LDPE的拉伸强度。     

针状微胶囊Mg(OH)_2/EVA纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

将自制针状微胶囊纳米氢氧化(镁Mg(OH)2)与乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚(物EVA)经双螺杆挤出机熔融共混挤出造粒,然后利用注射机制成针状微胶囊Mg(OH)2/EVA纳米复合材料,对其力学性能、热稳定性和流变性能进行了研究。结果表明:纳米Mg(OH)2用量为4%时,复合材料的拉伸强度最大,加工流动性较好;在低温区时,纳米Mg(OH)2含量对复合材料的热稳定性能几乎没有影响,在高温区时,纳米Mg(OH)2的加入使其热稳定性略有提高。     

Polymorphism of LiGa5O8 and of LiGa5O8-MgGa2O4Solid Solutions

High-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses showed that LiGa₅O₈ exists in two polymorphs related by the first-order transition at 1138°±3°C of the low-temperature simple-cubic form, space group (probably) O⁷, to the high-temperature spinel (fcc) form, space group O _h ⁷. The transition is rapid, and the high-temperature form in pure LiGa₅O₈ could not be quenched to room temperature under the conditions used. However, the high-temperature polymorph can be quenched under equilibrium conditions when 40 mol% or more MgGa₂O₄ is present. The subsolidus equilibrium relations in the system MgGa₂O₄-LiGa₅O₈ are discussed.     

Activation and characterization of Fe---Mn---SO4/ZrO2 catalysts

Changes in Fe---Mn---SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ catalyst formulations during activation have been observed. In air or an inert gas, the added salt, such as iron and/or manganese nitrate, decomposes over a temperature range of about 200–400°C to produce nitric oxide, oxygen and iron and/or manganese oxide. The crystallization of zirconia occurs at 450°C; when the sample contains sulfate the exothermic event occurs at a temperature that is about 200°C higher. Heating in the presence of hydrogen causes the evolution of nitric oxide to occur over a narrow temperature range and at a lower temperature than when the sample is heated in helium or air. It appears that the nitrate ions associated with Fe, Mn and Zr decompose to produce nitric oxide, and presumably water, at different temperatures when the sample is heated in the presence of hydrogen. Heating samples of sulfated zirconia containing iron and/or manganese in hydrogen causes sulfur evolution at a lower temperature, and a significant fraction of it in the form of H₂S.     

The structures of VOx/MOx and alkali-VOx/MOx catalysts and their catalytic performances for soot combustion

Vanadium oxides supported on γ-Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, and ZrO₂ were studied on their molecular structures and reactive performances for soot combustion. To investigate the effect of different alkali metals on the structures and reactivities of supported-vanadium oxide catalysts, they were doped into the V₄/TiO₂ catalyst which had the best intrinsic activity for soot combustion in the selected supported vanadium oxide catalysts. The experimental results demonstrated that the catalytic properties of these catalysts depended on the vanadium loading amount, support nature, and the presence or the absence of alkali metals. The spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and UV–vis) and H₂-TPR results revealed that the higher activity of alkali-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts could be related to the ability of alkali metal promoting the redox cycle of the active vanadyl species. TG results showed that adding alkali to V_m/TiO₂ catalyst was beneficial to lowering their melting points. Low melting points could ensure the good surface atom migration ability, which would improve the contact between the catalyst and soot. Due to the alkali metal components promoting the redox ability and the mobility of the catalysts, alkali-modified vanadium oxide catalysts could remarkably improve their catalytic activities for soot combustion. The catalytic activity order for soot combustion followed Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs in the catalyst system of alkali-V₄/TiO₂, and the reason why it followed this sequence was discussed.     

Magnetoresistance of CuxCo1-xFe2O4 Ferrites

Magnetoresistance measurements (Δ/R) were carried out on Cu _x Co_{1- x} Fe₂O₄ samples with x =1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and cobalt ferrite in the range of magnetic intensity (H) from 1.0 to 4.5 kG. Linear plots were obtained between log (Δ/R) and log H for all compositions except that of cobalt ferrite. The values of n at x =0.5 do not agree with the results of some authors. The discrepancy may be attributed to the value of magnetic field intensity at which such measurements were carried out. The similarity of features of n and μ_D with composition leads us to believe that the magnetoresistance may arise from the scattering of conduction electrons by localized electrons involving the s-d exchange interaction.     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Preparation of the High-Quality Superconductor La1Ba2Cu3Oy

The relationship between the preparation procedure and superconducting properties of La₁Ba₂Cu₃O_y was studied. A series of samples was sintered in an N₂-gas atmosphere for various lengths of time ranging from 1 to 40 h, followed by a fixed annealing procedure in O₂. It was found that the shorter the sintering period, the higher was the oxygen content. The samples sintered for a period of less than 15 h contained excess oxygen compared with La₁Ba₂Cu₃O₇ and exhibited poor superconducting properties. The sample sintered for 40 h had an oxygen content y equal to 6.95, and had excellent superconducting properties. The mechanism for preparing high-quality La₁Ba₂Cu₃O_y is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.