一种低漏电流五开关非隔离单相光伏并网逆变器

针对非隔离光伏发电系统漏电流问题,提出一种低漏电流五开关非隔离单相光伏并网逆变器。其中1个开关管高频通断得到直流脉冲,其余4个开关管分作两组,它们以电网频率交替导通来改变电流方向,实现逆变并网,该电路拓扑经高性能二极管续流。通过分析漏电流,该光伏逆变器续流阶段电网侧与直流侧隔离,使得寄生电容两端不含高频分量,将漏电流限制到±20 mA以内。仿真和实验结果表明该拓扑能有效抑制单相光伏并网逆变器的漏电流。     

基于脉宽直接处理的逆变器偏磁抑制方法

文章对带工频隔离变压器的单相光伏并网逆变器产生偏磁进行了分析,为解决输出的直流偏磁对逆变器的不良影响,提出一种通过对调制波进行直接处理的全数字化基于脉宽处理的偏磁抑制方法,为验证其有效性,在3 kW单相光伏并网逆变器的样机上进行了试验验证,采用单极性倍频的SPWM调制方式。试验结果表明,该偏磁抑制方法能有效地抑制变压器的直流偏磁。     

一种改进的抑制漏电流无隔离光伏并网逆变器

针对传统逆变器拓扑效率低、漏电流大的问题,提出改进的H5桥无隔离光伏并网逆变器拓扑,与传统H桥逆变器相比,改进H5桥增加一个开关管,使得在续流阶段光伏模块和电网之间的隔离,从而可实现共模漏电流的抑制;高频开关利用MOSFET代替IGBT,可减少开关损耗,提高系统效率;消除死区时间,提高并网电流质量。通过一个1 k W的原理样机进行实验验证。     

全桥并网逆变器直流扰动分析

在光伏并网发电系统中,无输出隔离变压器全桥逆变器高效率特性得到广泛应用,但该拓扑并网时不能有效地消除直流注入。由于各种扰动源的扰动本质均反映为逆变器开关侧输出电压的直流扰动,文章用一个集中的扰动源代替各种分散扰动,并建立了各种直流扰动源的数学模型。为了有效抑制输出电压直流扰动,用逆变桥开关侧输出电压中直流分量反馈构成闭环控制系统。最后在3 k W实验样机上进行了直流抑制实验,实验结果验证了文章所提方法的有效性。     

工频隔离三相并网光伏逆变器的状态反馈控制

重点研究了三相不平衡电网电压、变压器漏感和线路阻抗对逆变器波形质量和稳定性的影响,得出了逆变器的离散状态空间模型,提出并实现了工频隔离并网光伏逆变器的状态反馈控制策略。通过仿真和试验,验证了该控制策略能有效地抑制电网电压不平衡所造成的影响,可解决变压器漏感和线路阻抗所造成的稳定性问题。     

一种低漏电流钳位式光伏并网逆变器

针对传统非隔离型光伏并网逆变器中存在高频共模漏电流的问题,提出一种新型单相非隔离光伏并网逆变器,该拓扑设置两条续流回路,通过在并网电流续流阶段将共模电压钳位在直流母线电压中点的方式来保持共模电压不变而减小漏电流。为了减小输出电流的谐波分量,提出一种适用于该电路的PWM调制方式。搭建了Matlab/Simulink和DSP实验平台,仿真和实验验证了新型单相非隔离光伏并网逆变器具有较小的谐波失真度和良好的漏电流抑制能力。     

基于MPPT运行模式的光伏发电系统低电压穿越无功控制策略

针对光伏发电系统通常以单位功率因数运行,造成故障时光伏并网逆变器一定视在功率浪费的现状,提出一种低电压穿越无功控制策略。分析光伏并网逆变器的有功、无功功率解耦控制和其无功功率输出极限,建立光伏逆变器无功功率输出与并网点电压跌落的关系,通过比较故障前光伏阵列发出有功功率与光伏逆变器允许输出最大有功功率,确定光伏发电系统在低电压穿越过程以最大功率模式运行或者以非最大功率模式运行。利用RTDS软件搭建仿真算例,验证该低电压穿越无功控制策略的可行性。     

新型高效率无漏电流单相非隔离光伏逆变器

为实现“双碳”及“铜退硅进”的目标,非隔离型逆变器在光伏新能源发电领域得到了广泛的研究与应用。非隔离光伏并网系统中存在的漏电流问题是迫切需要解决的关键问题之一。为解决该问题,文中提出了一种新型单级共地型无漏电流,高效率非隔离光伏并网逆变器拓扑结构。分析了所提逆变器前级DC-DC升降压电路的工作原理和模态,给出了其软开关实现条件。研究了新型拓扑结构的无漏电流内在机理,以及推导了其输出电压特性。搭建了基于PSIM软件的仿真模型,仿真结果表明：与传统漏电流抑制拓扑相比,该拓扑结构可实现无漏电流光伏并网,而且前级DC-DC变换器可实现软开关,可在较宽输入电压范围内实现高效率、高质量电能并网。     

基于P/Q控制策略的并网光伏系统短路特性分析

随着分布式发电技术的快速发展,并网光伏系统应用日益广泛。并网光伏系统短路特性不同于传统同步发电机电网系统,因此,从逆变器拓扑结构出发,依据P/Q控制策略,利用MATLAB/simulink建立仿真模型,得到并网光伏系统在不同故障情况下的电流输出曲线,分析并网光伏系统的短路特性,对于并网光伏系统的研究工作具有实际意义。     

基于LCL滤波器的新型Z源光伏并网逆变器

研究一种新型Z源逆变器,并将其应用到光伏发电并网系统中,系统的冲击电流和Z源电容电压大大减小,能有效解决传统拓扑电路结构上的缺陷;同时在电网侧采用LCL滤波器,采用有源阻尼技术来抑制LCL滤波器的谐振,实现并网电流的快速跟踪,使光伏并网系统的可靠性大大增加,最后通过仿真和实验论证理论分析的正确性。     

光伏发电并网逆变器建模及电能质量评估

鉴于光伏发电并网逆变器的建模对于光伏大规模接入、保障系统稳定运行具有重要意义,提出了系统仿真方案,利用Hammerstein-Wiener(HW)非线性模型对光伏并网逆变器的运行进行仿真。通过试验获得直流逆变器电压电流波形、交流逆变器电压电流波形、电压公共耦合点、电网和负荷电流;利用编程确定各种模拟波形并搜索与实际波形相比最准确的模型,同时将该方法运用到电能质量分析中,进而完成对系统的分析和建模。模拟结果表明,该模型效果较好,可以为系统规划、防止系统故障和改善电能质量等方面提供理论依据。     

光伏逆变器无功调节能力分析与控制策略研究

通过建立光伏逆变器接入配电网稳态分析模型,以接入点运行电压、最大运行电流和SPWM调制控制条件为约束,分析了不同工况下逆变器的无功调节能力。构建接入配电网运行时面向电网电压调整的无功功率控制策略,该策略以控制接入点电压为目标,逆变器通过补偿系统需求的无功对电压进行支撑。构建分布式光伏接入配电网应对配电网负荷变化和光伏注入功率变化引起的电压无功调整仿真实验,验证了该策略的有效性。     

Dual-inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic system: Modeling and sliding mode control

A fast and robust control strategy for a multilevel inverter in grid-connected photovoltaic system is presented. The multilevel inverter is based on a dual two-level inverter topology. There are two isolated PV generators that feeding each bridge inverter. The output of each inverter is connected to a three-phase transformer. The active and reactive powers flowing into the grid are controlled by a sliding mode algorithm. An alfa–beta space vector modulator is also used. The inverters DC voltages are also controller by a sliding mode controller. In this way, a fast and robust system controller is obtained. Several test results are presented in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system controller.     

Digital power factor control and reactive power regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter

The overall efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the grid depends on the efficiency of direct current (DC) of the solar modules to alternate current (AC) inverter conversion. The requirements for inverter connection include: maximum power point, high efficiency, control power injected into the grid, high power factor and low total harmonic distortion of the currents injected into the grid. An approach to power factor control and reactive power regulation for PV systems connected to the grid using field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. According to the grid demands; both the injected active and reactive powers are controlled.In this paper, a new digital control strategy for a single-phase inverter is carried out. This control strategy is based on the phase shift between the inverter output voltage and the grid voltage, and the digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) patterns, in order to control the power factor for a wide range of the inverter output current and consequently the control and the regulation of the reactive power will be achieved. The advantage of the proposed control strategy is its implementation around simple digital circuits.In this work, a simulation study of this strategy has been realized using Matlab/Simulink and PSIM. In order to validate its performance, this control has been implemented in a FPGA. Experimental tests have been carried out demonstrating the viability of this control in order to control the power factor and the injected power into the grid.     

A multi-function grid connected PV system with three level NPC inverter and voltage oriented control

In this paper a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system is presented. The grid integration of the PV system is carried out via a three phase three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. To control the inverter a modified version of voltage oriented control (VOC) method and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique have been applied. With the proposed modification the PV system operates as a shunt active power filter (SAPF), a reactive power compensator, and a load’s current balancer simultaneously. In this way the PV system operates more efficiently compared to the conventional PV systems and offers ancillary services to electric power system. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is established through simulation results with Matlab/Simulink in steady state and transient response of the electric power distribution system.     

Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network based reactive power control for grid-connected three-phase PV system during grid faults

This study presents a reactive power controller using Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network (PWFNN) for grid-connected three-phase PhotoVoltaic (PV) system during grid faults. The controller also considers the ratio of the injected reactive current to meet the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) regulation. Moreover, the balance of the active power between the PV panel and the grid-connected inverter during grid faults is controlled by the dc-link bus voltage. Furthermore, to reduce the risk of over-current during LVRT operation, a current limit is predefined for the injection of reactive current. The main contribution of this study is the introduction of the PWFNN controller for reactive and active power control that provides LVRT operation with power balance under various grid fault conditions. Finally, some experimental tests are realized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

New control strategy for 2-stage grid-connected photovoltaic power system

This work deals with the performances and responses of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plant in normal and disturbed modes. The system is composed of a solar array, a dc–dc converter and a three-phase inverter connected to the utility grid. On the one hand a suitable control of the dc–dc converter is developed in order to extract the maximum amount of power from the PV generator. On the other hand an active and reactive power control approach (PQ) has been presented for the inverter. This method can provide a current with sinusoidal waveform and ensure a high power factor. Therefore, the grid interface inverter transfers the energy drawn from the PV into the grid by ensuring constant dc link voltage. Modeling and controlling were carried out using the informational graph of causality and the macroscopic energy representation methods. The simulation under MATLAB/SIMULINK and the experimental results show the control performance and dynamic behavior of grid-connected PV system in normal and disturbances modes.     

A Single-Stage Single-Phase Transformer-Less Doubly Grounded Grid-Connected PV Interface

A transformer provides galvanic isolation and grounding of the photovoltaic (PV) array in a PV-fed grid-connected inverter. Inclusion of the transformer, however, may increase the cost and/or bulk of the system. To overcome this drawback, a single-phase, single-stage [no extra converter for voltage boost or maximum power point tracking (MPPT)], doubly grounded, transformer-less PV interface, based on the buck–boost principle, is presented. The configuration is compact and uses lesser components. Only one (undivided) PV source and one buck–boost inductor are used and shared between the two half cycles, which prevents asymmetrical operation and parameter mismatch problems. Total harmonic distortion and dc component of the current supplied to the grid is low, compared to existing topologies and conform to standards like IEEE 1547. A brief review of the existing, transformer-less, grid-connected inverter topologies is also included. It is demonstrated that, as compared to the split PV source topology, the proposed configuration is more effective in MPPT and array utilization. Design and analysis of the inverter in discontinuous conduction mode is carried out. Simulation and experimental results are presented.      

不平衡电网电压下T型三电平光伏并网逆变器的有限集模型预测控制

为实现电网电压不平衡时对T型三电平光伏并网系统输出功率和电流质量的控制,以达到入网功率平稳或电流正弦为控制目标,结合光伏阵列输出功率前馈,在两相静止坐标系下提出一种直流母线电压外环PI控制、并网电流内环有限集模型预测控制的控制策略,并在电压外环中引入2倍频陷波器以获得平滑的入网功率参考值。仿真结果表明:当电网电压不对称时,采用所提控制策略能够实现对入网有功、无功功率2倍频脉动及负序电流的分别抑制或协调控制,且并网电流谐波畸变小、入网电能质量高,同时实现T型三电平逆变器的中点电位平衡。