用非线性量子阱红外光电探测器对超短脉冲进行自相关测量

德国和加拿大的科研人员已联合研制出一种非线性特性已经优化了的量子阱红外光电探测器。这种探测器的三个等距能级产生的巨共振线性度使得光电流在光强度低达0．1W／cm^2时仍与平方功率有关。探测器中的双光子效应可用来对皮秒级的超短红外脉冲进行自相关测量。这种基于GaAs的量子阱红外光电探测器具有一个20周期的激活区，     

用量子阱中的量子点探测热红外光子

工作于 8μm～ 1 2 μm大气窗口的直接带隙 Hg Cd Te成像器可用来遥感活着的动物、暗火和其它发热的物体。然而 ,这种成像器很难做到让所有的像元都具有均匀的响应。目前 ,美国新墨西哥大学、空军研究实验室和陆军研究实验室的研究人员采用一种新的方法 ,并利用成熟的砷化镓工艺来制作探测器 ,从而获得了均匀的响应。这种探测器是用置于一个 In Ga As量子阱中的一些量子点制成的 ,而量子阱则位于一个 Ga As矩阵之中。量子点的尺寸仅为数纳米 ,它们以约为 1× 1 0 -1 1点 /cm2的面积密度 (相当于每点一个电子 )分布在量子阱中。研究过不…     

852 nm半导体激光器量子阱设计与外延生长

设计并外延生长了具有高温度稳定性的InAlGaAs/AlGaAs应变量子阱激光器,用于解决852 nm半导体激光器在高温环境下工作时的波长漂移问题.基于理论模型,计算并模拟对比了InAlGaAs,InGaAsP,InGaAs和GaAs量子阱的增益及其增益峰值波长随温度的漂移,结果显示,采用In0.15Al0.11Ga0.74As作为852 nm半导体激光器的量子阱可以使器件同时具有较高的增益峰值和良好的波长温漂稳定性.使用金属有机化合物气相淀积(MOCVD)外延生长了In0.15Al0.11Ga0.74As/Al03Ga07As有源区,通过反射各向异性谱(RAS)在线监测和PL谱研究了InAlGaAs/AlGaAs界面的外延质量,实验证明了通过降低生长温度和在InAlGaAs/AlGaAs界面处使用中断时间,可以有效抑制In析出,从而获得InAlGaAs/AlGaAs陡峭界面.最后,采用优化后的外延生长条件,研制出了InAlGaAs/AlGaAs应变量子阱激光器.实验测试结果显示,其光谱半高宽为1.1 nm,斜率效率为0.64 W/A,激射波长随温度漂移为0.256 nm/K.理论计算结果与实验测试结果相吻合,证明器件性能满足在高温环境下工作的要求.     

生长在InP上的InAs量子点红外光电探测器

诸如量子阱红外光电探测器之类的子带问探测器在红外遥感中已得到广泛使用。经预测，量子点红外光电探测器的性能比量子阱红外光电探测器更好。美国西北大学的研究人员利用低压金属有机化学汽相淀积技术在InP衬底上生长了一种InAs量子点红外光电探测器。该器件结构由多个带有GaAs／AlInAs／InP热垒的InAs量子点叠层组成。其峰值波长和截止波长分别为6．4μm和6．6μm。在77K温度，当偏压为-1．1V时，该器件的探测率达到了1．0×10^10cm·Hz^1/2／W。     

光电倍增管

美国 Burle工业公司的 85 1 0 4型微道板光电倍增管具有很高的灵敏度、极高的红光响应率、大的阴极面积和突出的光子计数能力。这些特性使其非常适用于红光和近红外光谱的探测。这种光电倍增管采用一种半透明的砷化镓光电阴极 ,在 370 nm～ 85 0 nm谱区内可提供大于 2 0 %的量子效率 ,在 60 0 nm波长处的峰值量子效率为 30 %。这样的响应率是在直径为 1 8mm的光电阴极上获得的 ,其暗计数率为每秒少于 2 0 0次。这种高灵敏度使其非常适合如化学发光和生物发光等弱光探测应用。光电倍增管…     

高功率InGaAs/GaAsP应变量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器列阵

为提高垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的输出功率,对具有3个In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08应变量子阱结构,发射波长为977nm的VCSEL列阵进行了研究。对量子阱结构进行了优化,选择具有更宽带隙的GaAsP作为势垒材料,计算了In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08量子阱的带阶。对采用In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08和In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs两种量子阱结构的器件的输出功率进行了理论模拟和比较分析。分别测试了上述两个列阵器件的脉冲峰值功率并利用由开启电压、阈值电流和串联电阻决定的p参数评估了列阵器件的输出性能。实验结果表明,当注入电流为110A时,发光面积为0.005cm2的In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.084×4VCSEL列阵获得了123 W的脉冲峰值功率,比具有相同发光面积的In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs列阵器件的脉冲峰值功率大13%,前者相应的功率密度和斜率效率分别为45.42kW/cm2和1.11W/A。连续和脉冲工作下的p值分别为15和13,表明器件在两种工作条件下都具有相对较好的输出性能。得到的结果证明,包含3个In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08应变量子阱的4×4VCSEL列阵器件能够获得较高的功率输出。     

单片集成的双波段红外探测器列阵

量子阱红外光电探测器（QWIP）技术已取得了显著的成就，因为它在宽波段和多波段两方面都实现了大规格的焦平面列阵。这些探测器基于Ⅲ-V族半导体材料，其在中波红外和长波红外（3μm～50μm）范围的光谱响应是可以专门确定的。     

美研制出暗噪声较小的电压可调谐超晶格红外探测器

据美国《Laser Focus World》杂志报道，探测波段位于3μm～5μm和8μm～12μm波长区的双色红外光电探测器对于遥测温度是有用的。提供两个探测波段的一种方法是在波段之间进行电压调节，然而，迄今为止，用于这种电压调节的技术都会使器件的暗电流变大，从而导致背景限温度上升。现在，美国普林斯敦大学、美国陆军研究实验室以及美国圣地亚国家实验室的研究人员已经联合研制出了一种背景限温度与单色量子阱红外光电探测器差不多的电压可调谐双色超晶格红外光电探测器。     

基于离子阱原理的空间小型质谱仪理论模拟研究

当前空间探测活动日益频繁,其中对空间有机分子的探测是空间探测的一项重要任务。由于太空中特殊的工作条件,一般商品质谱仪的体积、功耗和分析能力等都不能满足要求,因此需要研发小体积、低功耗、高稳定性的质谱仪。本研究基于离子阱原理,提出了由多个环形电极构成的新型平方离子阱,这种多环高压结构能有效减小离子阱的体积,从而实现质谱仪器的小型化。通过采用成比例的直流电压分时段供电,成功扩展了该质谱仪的离子检测范围。经仿真计算,拟合出了离子振荡频率与其质量数的关系。该质谱仪对质量数在1~2000 u 范围内的分子,质量分辨大于1400,能够满足空间大分子质量分辨的基本要求。     

被动红外系统用带CO2量子放大器的光电接收装置

分析了带ＣＯ２最子放大器的光电接收装置，预测放大所取ＣＯ２激光弱信号用的量子放大器的运用能将带量子放大器的光电接收装置的探测力与这种光电接收装置中运用的辐射接收器的探测力相比，提高２－５个数量级。介绍了带量子放大器的不电接收装置的结构诸元，并给出了它的主要特性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.