骨架发热多孔介质通道内单相流阻力与换热特性数值模拟

以Fluent 6.3为平台,采用局部非热平衡模型,对紊流及紊流过渡区范围内骨架发热多孔介质竖直通道内的非达西强制对流换热进行了数值模拟。采用三维N-S方程及标准k-ε湍流模型描述多孔介质内的流动,详细研究了孔隙有效雷诺数Re(400Re2000),表面热流密度q(q=5、30和90 kW/m2)和冷却剂入口温度Tin(Tin=20、50和80℃)的变化对多孔介质流道内流动阻力及换热特性的影响。结果表明:低热流密度下,表面热流密度的变化对流动阻力和换热系数的影响很小;小球直径对换热系数的影响显著,且随着雷诺数的增加而增加;换热系数随冷却剂入口温度的增加而减小。     

多孔介质辅助平板式太阳能集热器热性能强化的数值仿真研究

多孔介质材料具有良好的传热和蓄热性能。设计了新型多孔介质辅助平板式太阳能集热器的二维数值仿真模型，对其内部热性能进行了数值模拟，研究多孔介质块的形状(矩形、梯形、三角形结构)、布置数量和渗透率(达西数Da=10^-5～10^-2)等因素对平板式太阳能集热器热性能强化的影响；然后考虑到插入多孔介质伴随的压降和摩擦阻力损失，提出了评价集热器传热性能与阻力损失的性能评估标准。研究结果表明：在平板式太阳能集热器换热通道插入4种不同形状的多孔介质块，矩形多孔介质块背部附近区域更易产生涡区，集热器内传热性能最强，但通道内流动阻力系数大，从而导致阻力损失大。当多孔介质区域总长度一定时，随着多孔介质块布置数量的增加，涡区数量相应增加，集热器内传热性能加强，且通道内流动阻力损失呈现先增加后降低的规律。多孔介质块渗透率对集热器传热性能的影响显著，当Da=10^-2时，集热器传热性能最强。集热器内多孔介质块布置任意数量、高渗透率(Da=10^-2)条件下，矩形多孔介质块的性能评估标准最佳；在多孔介质块布置数量(N=6)较多、低渗...     

管内填充多孔介质强化换热的数值研究

管内填充多孔介质强化换热的基本原理是构造热边界层,增大壁面附近流体的温度梯度,并且流动阻力增幅不大。本文运用数值模拟的方法,模拟填充多孔介质管内的流场和温度场,探讨填充比例φ、渗透率Da以及空隙率ε对管内对流换热的影响规律。研究表明,提高填充比例φ和减小渗透率Da都能明显提高换热效果,但也增加了管内流动阻力。空隙率ε对强化换热作用不大,但高空隙率可以明显降低管内流动阻力,在实际中应选用空隙率较大的多孔介质。     

三维填充床内换热及热回流机理研究

利用计算流体力学（CFD）对顺序排列多孔介质小球的三维填充床进行数值模拟。研究填充床内位置及空气流速变化对温度分布、努塞尔数影响,并对多孔介质小球的热回流特性进行分析,揭示填充床内传热机理。结果表明：相比于气-固两相交替存在处,与小球相切处的热的非平衡性更强。最高温度上游的换热强度与下游相比更强烈;当流速增加时,上游的对流换热作用增强,下游变化不大。在热回流过程中,在入口区域对流换热占主导地位,导热和辐射换热作用较弱;在主流场区域,导热占主导地位,其次是辐射换热,对流换热作用最弱。     

多孔介质微小燃烧器的传热特性分析

采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对H_2/空气预混气在全填充多孔介质平板微燃烧器内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.研究了多孔介质导热系数、壁面导热系数、当量比、孔隙率对微燃烧器回热循环的影响规律.模拟结果表明:预热区对流回热效率、多孔介质导热效率与多孔介质导热系数呈正相关趋势;壁面导热系数增大会使预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升;预热区对流回热效率、壁面对流回热效率与当量比呈负相关趋势;多孔介质孔隙率是影响回热效率的重要因素,随着孔隙率的增大,预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升.     

新型多孔铜微通道热沉散热性能实验研究

新型多孔铜微通道散热技术采用多孔铜微通道结构,增加热沉与冷却工质的接触面积,提高热沉的散热性能。利用单室金属-气体共晶定向凝固工艺,通过控制冷却速度、过热度、气压等工艺参数,从而制备优质的多孔铜材料。根据多孔铜微通道热沉散热原理,搭建散热性能测试平台,研究冷却工质流量、多孔铜材料的孔径和孔隙率、入口截面斜率角对多孔铜微通道热沉散热性能的影响规律。结果表明:增加冷却工质流量有利于提高多孔铜微通道热沉的散热性能;在恒定体积流量下,减小孔径有利于提高多孔铜微通道热沉的散热性能;当多孔铜孔隙率为30.8%时,多孔铜微通道热沉散热性能最佳;入口截面斜率角对多孔铜微通道热沉散热性能的影响较小。     

基于LBM多孔介质复合腔体交界面热滑移效应的研究

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法对真实多孔介质复合腔体内的对流换热进行研究，分析了不同Ra数、多孔介质高度Y和厚度δ条件下交界面处的热滑移效应，并确定热滑移系数。利用X-CT技术对真实多孔介质材料进行断层扫描，获得实际材料内部结构图片，并进行图片处理，再导入格子Boltzmann模型中进行求解。计算结果表明：等效热滑移系数随高度Y的影响较大，靠近壁面或固体表面的系数偏大，而间隙处的系数偏小，但两处各自的值基本相同；Ra数和厚度δ的变化对等效热滑移系数的作用较小。     

超临界压力下乳化碳氢燃料换热特性实验研究

为研究乳化碳氢燃料在矩形通道内的换热特性,在压力为3 MPa,质量流量为2.6 g/s,出口流体温度分别为450、500、550、600和650℃,乳化碳氢燃料含水质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%和50%的实验条件下,进行了实验研究,分析了乳化碳氢燃料的含水质量分数与出口流体温度对燃料在矩形通道内的热沉、热流密度与对流换热系数的影响,并与纯碳氢燃料作对比。研究表明:燃料在通道内热沉与热流密度均随含水质量分数与出口流体温度的增加而增加;纯碳氢燃料在通道内的对流换热系数沿轴向逐渐增加;乳化碳氢燃料在通道内会发生传热恶化,第一次传热恶化点随出口流体温度的增加向通道入口方向移动;含水质量分数越高,第一次传热恶化发生越早,第二次传热恶化发生越晚。     

矩形微通道中流体流动阻力和换热特性实验研究

以去离子水为流体工质,对其在矩形微尺度通道中的流动阻力和传热特性进行了实验研究。通过测量流量、进出口压力和温度等参数,获得了流体流过微通道时的摩擦阻力系数、对流换热过程中的热流通量和N u等。微尺度通道中流体流动的摩擦阻力系数较常规尺度通道中的摩擦阻力系数小,仅是常规尺度通道中摩擦阻力系数的20%~30%;且流动状态由层流向湍流转捩的临界R e也远小于常规尺度通道的。微尺度通道中对流换热的N u与常规尺度通道的显著不同。流量较小时,N u较常规尺度通道中充分发展段的小;随着水流量的增加,微通道的N u迅速增加,并很快超过常规尺度通道的N u,表现出微尺度效应。热流通量对微尺度通道中对流换热N u存在影响,其影响规律在不同流速条件下呈不同趋势,流速较小时,N u基本保持不变;而在流速较大时,N u随热流通量增加而呈增加趋势。     

半圆形微通道内纳米流体流动与传热特性

为了研究流体流经半圆形微通道的传热与流动特性,对去离子水、Cu-水纳米流体及Al-水纳米流体在21个当量直径为612μm的平行半圆形微通道热沉(微型散热片)中的流动与对流换热特性进行了实验研究。研究发现:与截面为矩形的常规形状相比,半圆形微通道也具有很好的换热效果,与去离子水相比,添加Al和Cu纳米颗粒的纳米流体压降损失增大。当纳米流体的质量浓度为0.5%时,在微通道换热器中的纳米流体效应由于粘度过大等原因发生了恶化,并且这种恶化在高流速下也出现了。根据实验数据得到了半圆形微通道内低浓度纳米流体的层流对流换热以及摩擦阻力系数关联式,对热性能系数的分布曲线进行了综合分析,研究结果对于集成高效芯片散热系统设计具有重要意义。     

Pool boiling on micro-fin array with wire mesh structures

Experimental investigations of pool boiling heat transfer on micro-fin arrays covered with porous structure were conducted. Experimental data were discussed for two kinds of enhanced surfaces: micro-fin structure without covering and micro-fins with the copper wire net (mesh structure). The experiments were carried out for water and FC-72 at atmospheric pressure. Micro-fins of 0.5 and 1 mm height were uniformly spaced on base surface. The wire mesh with aperture of 0.32, 0.4 and 0.5 mm (mesh pitch 0.52, 0.54 mm and 0.82 mm respectively), sintered with the fin tips, formed a system of connected perpendicular horizontal tunnels. Tunnel width was 0.6–1.0–1.5 mm and its depth was 0.5 or 1.0 mm. The effects of tunnel/micro-fin dimensions and wire mesh parameters on heat transfer coefficient in nucleate pool boiling was examined. Rather essential enhancement of heat transfer coefficient was observed for the surfaces with micro-fins of 0.5 mm with sintered wire net, especially at low and medium heat fluxes for boiling FC-72 and at the whole range of heat fluxes for boiling water. Structures with micro-fins of 1 mm height showed the best boiling heat transfer performance for water at all used heat fluxes and at the medium and highest heat fluxes for FC-72. For FC-72 at high heat fluxes (above 30 kW/m² for shorter micro-fins and 50 kW/m² for higher micro-fins) surfaces with plain micro-fins showed the highest heat transfer coefficients.     

Fully developed natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical annular porous medium with asymmetric wall temperatures and concentrations

This work examines the effects of the modified Darcy number, the buoyancy ratio and the inner radius-gap ratio on the fully developed natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical annular non-Darcy porous medium with asymmetric wall temperatures and concentrations. The exact solutions for the important characteristics of fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer are derived by using a non-Darcy flow model. The modified Darcy number is related to the flow resistance of the porous matrix. For the free convection heat and mass transfer in an annular duct filled with porous media, increasing the modified Darcy number tends to increase the volume flow rate, total heat rate added to the fluid, and the total species rate added to the fluid. Moreover, an increase in the buoyancy ratio or in the inner radius-gap ratio leads to an increase in the volume flow rate, the total heat rate added to the fluid, and the total species rate added to the fluid.     

Double-diffusive natural convection in a fluid saturated porous cavity with a freely convecting wall

Double — diffusive natural convection in fluid saturated porous medium has been investigated using a generalised porous medium model. One of the vertical walls of the porous cavity considered is subjected to convective heat and mass transfer conditions. The results show that the flow, heat and mass transfer become sensitive to applied mass transfer coefficient in both the Darcy and non-Darcy flow regimes. It is also observed that the Sherwood number approaches a constant value as the solutal Biot number increases.     

Efficiency of heat transfer in heat exchangers with wire mesh packing

This paper presents the results of studies concerned with heat exchange and pressure drop during the flow of air and water through a channel with and without wire mesh packing. It was stated that using wire mesh packing makes possible increase in heat exchanged flux as well as heat transfer coefficient at simultaneous lowering the temperature of heating surface. A new model for describes heat transfer from channel wall to fluid is proposed. The differences between the fluxes of exchanged heat (in an empty and packed channel) compensates for the higher demand for energy in order to pump the gas through wire mesh packing. In the circumstances of the conducted research the energetic gain resulting from the use of wire mesh packing amounted to 40%.     

Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Porous Plate Channel

INTRODUCTIONHeattransferenllancen1enttechniquesplayaveryimportantroleintllermalcontroltechnologies1lsedwithnlicroelectronicchips,powerfullasermirrors,aerospacecraft,thermalnuclearfusion,etc.Itiswidelyrecognizedthattl1eheattransfercanbein-creasedbyil1creasingthesurfaceareaincontactwiththecoolant.TuckermanandPease[1,2]pointedoutthatforlaminarflowinconfinedchannels,theheattransfercoefficientisinverselyproportionaltothewidthofthechannelsincethelimitingNusseltnum-berisconsta11t.Theybuiltawate…     

Unsteady effects on natural convective heat transfer through porous media in cavity due to top surface partial convection

Numerical investigations of transient natural convection flow through a fluid-saturated porous medium in a rectangular cavity with a convection surface condition were conducted. Physical problem consists of a rectangular cavity filled with porous medium. The cavity is insulated except the top wall that is partially exposed to an outside ambient. The exposed surface allows convective transport through the porous medium, generating a thermal stratification and flow circulations. The formulation of differential equations is non-dimensionalized and then solved numerically under appropriate initial and boundary conditions using the finite difference method. The finite different equation handling the boundary condition of the open top surface is derived. The two-dimensional flow is characterized mainly by two symmetrical vortices driven by the effect of buoyancy. A lateral temperature gradient in the region close to the top wall induces the buoyancy force under an unstable condition. Unsteady effects of associated parameters were examined. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient, Rayleigh number and Darcy number considerably influenced characteristics of flow and heat transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, the flow pattern is found to have a local effect on the heat convection rate.     

A Thermal Nonequilibrium Approach to Natural Convection in a Square Enclosure Due to the Partially Cooled Sidewalls of the Enclosure

This article presents a numerical investigation of steady non-Darcy natural convection heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a heat-generating porous medium with partial cooling using a local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) model. Five different partial cooling boundary conditions and the fully cooled boundary condition are investigated under LTNE and local thermal equilibrium (LTE). The cooling portions of the left and the right sidewalls of the cavity are maintained at temperature T ₀ while the enclosure's top and bottom walls, as well as the inactive parts of its sidewalls, are kept insulated. The simulation results show that the placement order of wall cooling has a significant effect on the flow pattern and heat transfer rate. Compared with the fully cooled wall, the partially cooled wall of the cavity yielded a higher local Nusselt number for both fluid and solid phases. Under the same boundary conditions, the LTNE and LTE models can demonstrate significant differences in flow patterns and temperature fields. The total heat transfer rate increases with both Darcy number and Rayleigh number. Enhancement of interphase heat transfer coefficient (H) reduces the impact of Darcy number on the heat transfer rate of a porous cavity. Also, the total heat transfer rate of the porous medium decreases steadily with thermal conductivity ratio γ and interphase heat transfer coefficient H.     

NON-DARCIAN FORCED CONVECTION ANALYSIS IN AN ANNULUS PARTIALLY FILLED WITH A POROUS MATERIAL

Numerical solutions are presented for fully developed forced convection in concentric annuli partially filled with a porous medium. The porous medium is attached at the inner cylinder, which is maintained at uniform heat flux or at uniform wall temperature while the outer cylinder is adiabatic. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model was used to model the flow inside the porous medium. The dependence of the fluid flow and heat transfer on several parameters of the problem is thoroughly documented. The inertia coefficient at which the inertial effects reduce the flow rate by 5% is determined as a function of the Darcy number for various thicknesses of the porous substrate. It is also shown that a critical thickness at which the value of the Nusselt number reaches a minimum does not exist if the effective thermal conductivity of the fluid-saturated porous medium is much higher than the fluid conductivity.