基于序关系的快速计算正区域核的算法

目前设计基于正区域的求核算法的主要方法是差别矩阵方法.该方法通过搜索差别矩阵的所有差别元素来得到核,故比较耗时.为此,在简化决策表和简化差别矩阵的基础上,若将其对象按条件属性值看成一个数,则对象是有序的.利用这个序,可将具有核属性的差别元素集映射到一个较小的搜索空间上,故只需判断简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以找到核属性集.在此基础上,利用基数排序的思想,设计了一个高效求核算法,其时间复杂度为O(|C|2|U/C|)+O(|C||U|),空间复杂度为O(|U|).由于新算法只需判断简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以找到核算属性集,故算法的效率得到了改善.     

基于改进的差别矩阵的快速属性约简算法

为了解决基于差别矩阵属性约简的计算效率问题,首先以计数排序的思想设计了一个新的计算U/C的高效算法,其时间复杂度降为O(|C||U|)。其次分析了基于差别矩阵的属性约简算法的不足,提出了改进的差别矩阵的定义,利用快速计算核属性算法生成的核属性和出现频率最多的属性来降低差别矩阵的大小,并设计了基于改进的差别矩阵的快速属性约简算法,证明了该新算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度分别被降为max(O|C|2Σ0≤i相似文献   

用序关系求信息熵核的高效算法

目前设计基于信息熵的求核算法的主要方法是差别矩阵方法.在该种方法中,是通过搜索差别矩阵的所有差别元素得到核.由于是在所有的差别元素上搜索,故该方法比较耗时.为此,在简化决策表和简化差别矩阵的基础上,得到了核的一个新性质:当把简化决策表的对象按其条件属性值看成一个数时,其对象有序.利用这个序,只需判断简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以找到核属性集.在此基础上,设计了一个高效求核算法,其时间复杂度max{O(|C|2 |U/Cl),O(|C ||U|)},其空间复杂度为O(|U|).由于新算法只判断简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以找到核算属性集,故新算法的效率得到了有效地改善.     

一种快速属性核求解算法

在Rough Set理论中,计算属性核是最重要的计算之一。以桶排序的思想设计了一个新的求解U/C的算法,其时间复杂度被降为O（|C||U|）。基于此,提出了一个新的求核算法,其时间复杂度被降为[O(|C|2|U|)]。通过实验证明了求核算法的高效性。     

基于可分辨矩阵的快速求核算法

目前求核算法存在以下不足:求得的核与基于正区域的核不一致,算法的时间和空间复杂度不理想.针对上述问题,提出一种简化的可分辨矩阵的定义和求核方法,并证明了由该方法获得的核与基于正区域的核是等价的.为了提高算法效率,采用分布计数的基数排序思想设计等价类U/C划分算法,其时间复杂度为O(|C||U|).在此基础上,给出快速求核算法,其时间和空间复杂度分别降为max{O(|C||U/C|2),O(|C||U|)}和O(|C||U/C|2).最后,实例说明了算法的有效性.     

不完备决策表中基于对象矩阵属性约简算法

基于差别矩阵的属性约简是粗糙集属性约简中最常用的方法。对通常给出的以存储条件属性为基础差别矩阵进行比较后,给出一种对象矩阵的定义。对象矩阵从相容类内对象的决策值与条件属性的关系出发,存储的是对象集。给出对象矩阵的属性约简定义,证明了属性约简与基于正区域的属性约简的等价性。给出一个启发式的属性约简算法,其时间复杂度为max(O(|C|2|Upos||U|),O(|C||U|2)),空间复杂度为O(|C||U|2);通过实例说明方法的可行性。     

一种求上近似约简的快速启发式算法

利用时间复杂度为O(|C||U|求U/C的快速算法,设计了一种基于属性重要度的上近似约简快速启发式算法,将时间复杂度降为O(|C|2|D||U|),该算法在处理拥有海量数据的决策表时,具有高效性.     

利用序关系求差别矩阵的核的高效算法

目前设计基于差别矩阵的求核算法的主要方法是差别矩阵方法.在该种方法中,是通过搜索差别矩阵的所有差别元素得到核.由于是在所有的差别元素上搜索,故该方法比较耗时.本文在简化决策表和简化差别矩阵的基础上,将具有核属性的差别元素集归纳在某一相对较小的集合上,故新算法只需搜索和检查简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以得到核算属性集.设计了一个高效求核算法,其时间复杂度为max{O(|C|2|U/C|),O(|C||U|)},其空间复杂度为O(|U|).由于新算法只判断简化差别矩阵的少量差别元素就可以找到核算属性集,故新算法的效率得到了有效地改善.     

改进的快速属性约简算法

属性约简是决策表信息系统中一个重要操作.目前最高效的算法是徐章艳给出的RedueBaseSig算法,其时间复杂度为max{O(|C||U|),D(|C|2|U|)},但在某些情况下,该算法求得的并不是约简.文中分析了徐章艳算法的局限性.并提出改进的快速属性约简算法.该算法优化了等价类划分和正区域求解,以核属性为初始约简集,不断将重要性大的属性加入约简集中.在最坏情况下改进后算法的时间复杂度为O(|C|2|U|);而且实验结果表明,该算法是正确的、高效的.     

基于冲突域的高效属性约简算法

引入冲突域的概念,研究冲突域的性质.以冲突域中冲突对象数目的变化为度量标准,给出核属性和属性重要性的计算方法,并设计了快速求解核属性和属性重要性的算法.在此基础上,给出高效属性约简算法,该算法以核属性为初始约简集,以属性重要性为启发式信息.在最坏情况下,算法的时间复杂度为O(|C|2|U|),空间复杂度为O(|U|);实验结果表明,该算法是正确的、高效的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.