基于评分差异度和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法仅通过使用用户评分数据计算用户相似度以至于推荐精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,以用户评分的平均值作为分界点得出用户间的评分差异度,并将其作为权重因子计算基于评分的用户相似度;其次,依据用户项目评分和项目类别信息挖掘用户对项目类别的兴趣度以及用户项目偏好,并以此计算用户偏好相似度;然后,结合上述两种相似度加权产生用户综合相似度;最后,融合传统项目相似度和用户综合相似度进行评分预测及项目推荐。实验结果表明,相对于传统的基于用户评分的协同过滤推荐算法,所提算法在数据集下的平均绝对误差值平均降低了2.4%。该算法可在一定程度上提高推荐算法精度以及推荐质量。     

融合用户对项目和属性偏好的协同过滤算法

协同过滤推荐算法是目前推荐系统领域中十分常用的方法。余弦相似度和Pearson相关系数是目前协同过滤推荐算法中计算相似度的两种常用算法。为提高协同过滤推荐算法的准确性,对相似度计算问题进行了研究,针对目前常用的余弦相似度和Pearson相关系数这两种相似度计算方法的不足,通过设计和引入调节因子,分别考虑用户在评分习惯和项目选择上的差异性,以对这两种传统的相似度算法进行优化和改进。另外,考虑到用户的偏好往往与项目所具有的属性有关,设计了衡量用户对属性偏好的参数,通过加权的方式将其与改进后的相似度算法进行融合,提出了一种融合用户评分习惯、项目选择差异及属性偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。在MovieLens数据集上进行的实验表明, 相比于传统算法,提出的改进算法更为精确,平均绝对误差和均方根误差得到了明显的降低。     

融合用户偏好和多交互网络的协同过滤算法

推荐系统中的辅助信息可以为推荐提供有用的帮助,而传统的协同过滤算法在计算用户相似度时对辅助信息的利用率低,数据稀疏性大,导致推荐的精度偏低.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种融合用户偏好和多交互网络的协同过滤算法(NIAP-CF).该算法首先根据评分矩阵和项目属性特征矩阵挖掘出用户的项目属性偏好信息,然后使用SBM方法计算用户间的项目属性偏好相似度,并用其改进用户相似度计算公式.在进行评分预测时,构建融合用户-项目属性偏好信息的多交互神经网络预测模型,使用动态权衡参数综合由用户相似度计算出的预测评分和模型的预测评分来进行项目推荐.本文使用MovieLens数据集进行实验验证,实验结果表明改进算法能够提高推荐的精度,降低评分预测的MAE和RMSE值.     

基于评分偏好和项目属性的协同过滤算法

针对传统的协同过滤推荐由于数据稀疏性导致物品间相似性计算不准确、推荐准确度不高的问题,文中提出了一种基于用户评分偏好模型、融合时间因素和物品属性的协同过滤算法,通过改进物品相似度度量公式来提高推荐的准确度。首先考虑到不同用户的评分习惯存在差异这一客观现象,引入评分偏好模型,通过模型计算出用户对评分类别的偏好,以用户对评分类别的偏好来代替用户对物品的评分,重建用户-物品评分矩阵;其次基于时间效应,引入时间权重因子,将时间因素纳入评分相似度计算中;然后结合物品的属性,将物品属性相似度和评分相似度进行加权,完成物品最终相似度的计算;最后通过用户偏好公式来计算用户对候选物品的偏好,依据偏好对用户进行top-N推荐。在MovieLens-100K和MovieLens-Latest-Small数据集上进行了充分实验。结果表明,相比已有的经典的协同过滤算法,所提算法的准确率和召回率在MovieLens-100K数据集上提高了9%~27%,在MovieLens-Latest-Small数据集上提高了16%~28%。因此,改进的协同过滤算法能有效提高推荐的准确度,有效缓解数据稀疏性问题。     

融合评分相对差异的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是个性化推荐系统中最常用的方法之一,其中相似度计算直接影响基于内存的协同过滤推荐算法的推荐质量.针对协同过滤推荐算法中传统的用户间相似度计算方法仅考虑共同评分项评分数值上的差异导致难以准确衡量非偏好评分场景中用户间相似度的问题,本文提出一种基于余弦相似度并融合评分相对差异的用户间相似度计算方法.该方法考虑评分规模上的差异,计算评分相对相似度并且引入放大系数,在非偏好评分的场景下可以更加准确地区分用户间差异.在真实的数据集上完成对比实验分析,结果表明在非偏好评分场景下,所提方法相较于对比方法能降低预测误差,提高推荐质量.     

结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充的推荐算法

协同过滤算法是推荐系统中使用广泛的一种算法,然而传统协同过滤算法仅利用评分信息,实际场景下会面临相似度计算准确率低,推荐个性化程度不高的缺陷,难以满足用户的需求.针对协同过滤算法的不足,结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充提出一种改进算法,首先在项目相似度计算上做了两个改进:引入标签相关度,依据项目标签相关度来研究项目之间的相似度,并根据项目历史评分用户的特征构造项目的扩充属性,可用于从项目受众类型的角度衡量项目相似度;其次考虑到用户存在主观偏好的情况,使用支持向量机为每个用户训练标签偏好预测模型,可用于项目预测评分的修正,提高推荐的个性化程度和准确度.基于MovieLens数据集的实验结果表明,所提算法能更准确地计算项目间的相似度,且能根据用户的个性化偏好得出更精确的预测评分.     

电影推荐系统中基于图的协同过滤算法

在视频服务领域,通常使用传统的协同过滤算法来解决评分数据较为稀疏的问题,而算法的视频相似度计算仅利用评分矩阵,从而造成推荐准确度较低,针对视频资源中的电影这一应用场景提出一种基于图的协同过滤算法。结合电影属性与用户偏好的关联性,将电影信息中类型、导演和演员等信息进行图元素的映射,融合图结构特点来计算影片资源的相似度。用该方法替代传统协同过滤算法中仅利用评分矩阵的相似度计算方法,在一定程度上缓解了由于数据稀疏性影响推荐准确度的问题,实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的推荐算法

协同过滤推荐系统中普遍存在评分数据稀疏问题.传统的协同过滤推荐系统中的余弦、Pearson 等方法都是基于共同评分项目来计算用户间的相似度;而在稀疏的评分数据中,用户间共同评分的项目所占比重较小,不能准确地找到偏好相似的用户,从而影响协同过滤推荐的准确度.为了改变基于共同评分项目的用户相似度计算,使用推土机距离（earth mover's distance,简称EMD）实现跨项目的移动用户相似度计算,提出了一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的协同过滤推荐算法.实验结果表明：与余弦、Pearson 方法相比,融合项目特征的用户相似度计算方法能够缓解评分数据稀疏对协同过滤算法的影响.所提出的推荐算法能够提高移动推荐的准确度.     

基于改进相似度计算方法的协同过滤算法研究

协同过滤算法是目前推荐系统中应用最广泛的技术,相似度的计算是该算法中关键的一步,它直接影响到后续的目标用户邻居集的选取及评分预测,最终决定着推荐的准确度。在传统的基于用户的协同过滤中,相似度的计算未考虑用户评分差异和商品的热度对相似度计算的影响。论文引入平均评分修正因子和热门商品惩罚因子,对传统的相似度计算公式加以优化。实验表明,改进后的相似度算法在电影推荐时,平均绝对误差(MAE)值较其他相似度算法更低,有着更好的推荐效果。     

基于用户评论评分与信任度的协同过滤算法

针对现有基于评论分析推荐算法中的评论真实度问题和传统协同过滤算法中的数据稀疏问题,通过分析用户评论所包含的主题分布和反馈信息,将改进的用户偏好和信任度引入传统协同过滤算法中,提出了基于用户评论评分与信任度的协同过滤算法。该算法以用户评论为基础,学习物品特征在不同主题上的分布及用户对物品不同特征的偏好程度,生成用户评论主题分布,根据用户评分计算评论差异度来放大主题分布中的突出特征,并利用评论反馈数据生成评论帮助度,进一步矫正用户偏好,以减少虚假评论的影响;引入信任度用于计算更精确的用户相似度,进而对用户进行评分预测和物品推荐。在真实数据集上进行了实验验证,结果表明该算法有效提高了系统的评分预测性能和推荐效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.