提高焦炉硅砖质量的途径

用X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对焦炉硅砖进行了分析研究。结果表明：原料和矿化剂不同，其显微结构及制品的残余石英和鳞石英的含量不同，而这些差异与制品的物理性能有直接关系，因此要提高焦炉硅砖的物理性能就必须严格控制相组成和微观结构。建议焦炉硅砖的标准中列入残余石英的允许含量及鳞石英的最低含量。     

选用优质硅砖,确保焦炉低耗长寿

介绍了各时期焦炉硅砖质量指标，重点讨论了硅砖质量对焦炉年伸长量，湿煤耗热量等各项指标的影响，担子同确保焦炉硅砖质量的具体措施和建议。     

Study and Application of Sealing Material for Coke Oven Chamber

1IntroductionSome coke ovens have been in operation for over20years in Baosteel,cracks and leaks are found in thesilica brick walls and roofs of coke oven.The existenceof cracks causes the emission of smoke from ovens,which may probably affect the service life of oven.Thewall surface is often destroyed by the extension ofcracks,resulting in eventual shutdown of the oven.Inorder to obtain stable coke oven operation over a longterm,many kinds of repair techniques,such as hot re-pairing,gunning,…     

梅钢焦炉用后硅砖显微结构分析

显微结构分析表明:焦炉炭化室用后硅砖中或多或少存在残余石英,而燃烧室由于温度较高,其硅砖中的石英逐渐经亚稳方石英转变为鳞石英.焦炉用后硅砖的相变过程只限于石英和亚稳方石英的转化,随着石英和亚稳方石英逐渐转变成鳞石英,硅砖结构趋于稳定.炭化室用后硅砖表面出现碳沉积并石墨化,对硅砖起到保护作用,并有利于提高炭化室的热导率.     

7.63m焦炉主要耐火材料简评

介绍了7.63m焦炉主要耐火材料的品种、数量、材质及各种砖型的验收技术条件,同时还对半硅砖、硅线石砖、硅火泥、格子砖等的应用问题进行了深入的讨论.7.63m焦炉炉体密封性好,但异型砖多,有些砖的成品率极低,复杂的炉体结构对焦炉生产操作和寿命是否有影响还需进一步的实践验证.     

焦炉炭化室硅砖样品的分析研究

在对使用了40多年的焦炉炭化室炉墙实施热修时拆下的一块硅砖样品进行了试验研究。研究表明:炭化室炉墙上的硅砖在使用40多年后,主体结构依然致密均匀,强度没有降低。硅砖在使用过程中,煤中的碳组分会渗入到砖的气孔中使砖成为所谓的"硅碳砖",碳的含量约为5%,这对硅砖和炼焦传热效率的提高都是有利的。煤中的灰分对砖的炭化面会造成熔蚀,但这种熔蚀非常缓慢,且渗透力差,不能成为硅砖损坏的原因。     

高致密硅质耐火材料的生产与性能研究

开滦精煤股份有限公司一期建有两座JN60—6型焦炉,其炭化室炉头普通硅砖因周期性温度波动导致硅砖产生裂纹、结构疏松、表面剥落。针对焦炉硅砖损坏情况及焦炉大型化的发展要求,开发高致密硅砖成为亟待解决的问题。     

CONSTITUTION AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILICA COKEOVEN BRICK AFTER SERVICE*

Two silica brick which were in service in a coke oven for over ten years have been examined under the petrographic microscope. At the fluc sidc the brick were almost completely converted to cristobalite, next comes a relatively thick layer which is mainly tridymite, and finally near the coke side quartz is found in addition. Measurements on small specimens taken from one of the brick show that the several layers have very different expansions. It is concluded that in cooling a battery of ovens great care should be taken to cool slowly through the temperature range 200 to 300°C.     

EUROPEAN SILICA REFRACTORIES

This investigation was on the silica brick and shapes made in Europe and the ganister supplied for the same. Analyses of rock and brick produced according to American practice and in Europe from the same rock are given. The results of tests on the best grades of brick are given. A general conclusion is that silica brick manufactured in Europe is not satisfactory for use in coke oven construction with a few exceptions.     

焦炉炭化室墙体喷补陶瓷釉涂层的研究

通过分析焦炉炭化室硅砖的工作条件及其变质情况 ,认为硅砖的损坏主要与由焦煤炭化产生的气体的窜漏、碳粒在气孔和裂纹上的沉积导致的显微结构变化有关。研制出焦炉炭化室墙体用喷补陶瓷釉涂层。喷涂实验表明 :喷涂陶瓷釉涂层后 ,硅砖的硬度提高 ,气孔率降低 ,热震稳定性良好。该喷补陶瓷釉涂层有望降低推焦机对焦炉的磨损 ,降低气体侵蚀和渗碳的发生 ,抑制热震损伤的发生     

焦炉硅火泥用天然硅质原料的性能分析及选用

硅质耐火泥在焦炉用耐火材料中与硅砖是同等重要的材料,对焦炉的寿命影响很大。为了使硅质耐火泥能够满足未来超大容积焦炉的使用需要,从配置硅火泥的原料入手,研究了各种因素对硅火泥性能的影响。     

用后焦炉硅砖的显微结构

借助于OM、SEM、EDAX和XRD分析手段对用后焦炉炭化室硅砖炭化面和燃烧面的显微结构变化做了研究。炭化面亚稳方石英和残存石英几乎全部鳞石英化,吸收焦炭中的MgO、Al2O3、P2O5和CaO,生成磷酸三钙(C3P)、假硅灰石和玻璃相。由于煤气裂解作用在砖的气孔中形成碳沉积,气孔封闭化。燃烧面由鳞石英、硅酸盐、磷酸三钙、玻璃相和无定形碳组成,但沉积碳较少。     

Silica Brick for Coke Oven

This standard specifies the classification,specification, test method, quality appraisal procedure,labeling, packing, transportation, storage and quality certification of silica brick for coke oven.     

煤焦浆气化炉用耐火材料的选择

采用回转抗渣法进行氧化锆砖、高纯刚玉砖、铬刚玉砖、86高铬砖和90高铬砖等不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的对比试验,并采用扫描电镜和X衍射等分析方法对侵蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析,研究了不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的差异.结果显示:90高铬砖抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力最好,试验前后厚度几乎无变化;氧化锆砖最差,侵蚀厚度达14 mm;不同材质耐火材料抗侵蚀性能优劣的顺序为:90铬砖>85铬砖>铬刚玉砖>刚玉砖>氧化锆砖.     

Evaluation of the morphology and pore characteristics of silica refractory using X-ray computed tomography

Silica refractory has excellent high-temperature performance, but its apparent porosity is relatively high. In this work, samples obtained before and after creep testing of silica brick (1550 °C, 50 h), from used silica checker brick (existing only tridymite and amorphous) and from used dome brick (existing only cristobalite and amorphous) were investigated using a three-dimensional structure model based on X-ray computed tomography (CT). The results show that the porosity of silica brick was high but consisted mainly of interconnected pores, with a very small proportion of closed pores (smaller after long-term use). During the use of silica brick, the morphology and phase transformation caused large particles to rupture, and the mineralizer became liquid at high temperature. The broken particles and interconnected pores provided channels for the migration of the liquid in the brick at high temperature. The silica brick presented a homogeneous ceramic structure during long-term operation. Tridymite or cristobalite presented a solid frame leading to an excellent creep performance of the silica brick (the creep rate of the checker brick was ?0.16% at 1550 °C for 50 h). Results were discussed, compared with literature and a model for the transformation of the silica brick from a refractory structure to a homogeneous ceramic structure was established in this paper.     

Insulating silica brick from “Strupets” quartzite deposits

Conclusions Quartzites from the Strupets deposits In the Slivensk area of the Bulgarian People's Republic are suitable materials for producing insulating silica brick with an apparent density of 1.0–1.2 g/cm³ by the combustible additive method.The coke used as the combustible with a high content of ash reduces the refractoriness of the insulating brick. An increase in the content of combustible is connected with a reduction in the apparent density, and a reduction in the strength of the products.We established the possibility of using dinas scrap for producing insulating brick; its effect on the properties of the finished product are of secondary importance.The specific fabrication pressure within the limits investigated can affect the ceramic factors of the finished goods.The properties of the fired specimens correspond to the requirements of the technical specifications of the Bulgarian People's Republic for insulating silica brick.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 59–61, July, 1971.     

我国玻璃工业和玻璃窑用硅砖的现状及发展趋势

针对我国玻璃工业的发展现状进行了分析和研究,指出了我国玻璃工业的发展方向。在玻璃工业发展的大背景下,硅砖也被提出了更高的要求,特别是玻璃窑全氧燃烧工艺的发展,要求第三代硅砖（特优硅砖）具有更高的纯度、高热态强度、抗蠕变、抗侵蚀性能等。     

玻璃窑用优质硅砖的相变及损毁机理

分析了残砖各段带的化学成分变化及相组成变化 ,指出硅砖的损毁机理是相变和蚀损。高纯致密的优质硅砖可以提高玻璃窑的使用效率和使用寿命     

COMPARISON OF HOT AND COLD MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR SILICA BRICK

Purpose of the Investigation .—(1) To obtain relative values for the cross-breaking strength of silica brick at temperatures encountered in coke oven practice. (2) To correlate the hot modulus of rupture test, if possible, with the cold modulus of rupture, or cold crushing test, either of which is cheaper and more easily conducted. This report gives the method of making the test, difficulties encountered and results obtained. The report shows a comparison of cold crushing, cold modulus of rupture and hot modulus of rupture on a series of silica brick made from special mixes, commercially burned. Conclusions .—The modulus of rupture of a silica brick at 1350°C is approximately one-third the strength at atmospheric temperature. For this series it averaged from 130 to 189 lbs. per square inch. Too rapid or eccentric heating up to red heat may cause such weakening of the structure or bond that the brick will break under very low pressure. Cross-breaking strength decreases as the temperature increases. Hot modulus of rupture test appears to give results, in most respects, comparable to the cold test, and for routine testing it would seem advisable to use the cold test since it can be made in much shorter time.     

THE REVERSIBLE THERMAL EXPANSION OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS

The reversible thermal expansion from 15–1000°C was measured for kaolin, siliceous and aluminous fire clays, quartzite, alumina, magnesia, and carborundum, after preliminary burnings at cones 06, 9, 14 and 20, and as well as for English commercial silica bricks before and after use in a coke oven and the roof of a steel furnace. Kaolin and bauxitic fire clay after calcination have a regular reversible thermal expansion which does not vary much with the temperature of calcination. Siliceous fire clays, after calcination at cone 06 (980°C) or cone 9 (1280°C) display irregularities (departures from uniformity) in their expansion. Between 500° and 600°C they show a large expansion due to contained quartz and on cooling the contraction in that region is larger than the corresponding expansion. Moreover, the expansion between 100° and 250°C after being fired to cone 9 (1280°C) exceeds the average. After calcination at higher temperatures, cone 14 (1410°C) or cone 20 (1530°C). these materials gradually lose these peculiarities until on incipient vitrification a linear expansion similar to that of kaolin is attained. This change is due to the destruction of quartz by its interaction with the clay material and fluxes; it takes place most easily in a fine-grained, rather friable clay such as ball clay. The previous thermal treatment necessary for a particular clay in order to obtain regular expansion in use can only be determined by trial. It can be stated with confidence that in such a piece of apparatus as a glass pot or crucible, a distinct gain will result from maintenance at a high temperature for some time before use, but that the red heat of an ordinary pot arch is useless for the purpose. An increase in the porosity of a fire clay was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in expansion between 15° and 1000°C until a porosity of 50% was attained. Further increase in porosity produced very little change in the expansion. No irregularities in expansion were shown by magnesia brick, carborundum, or alumina bonded with 10% of ball clay. Welsh quartzite with lime bond, either unfired or after burning at cone 06, had a large expansion to 550 °C and a much larger expansion from 550–600 °C due to the inversion of α to β quartz while from 600–1000°C a slight contraction took place. Firing to cone 9 converted part of the quartz into cristobalite, thus increasing the expansion from 200–250°C. This conversion was considerably increased on burning for two hours at cone 14, which greatly reduced the expansion from 550–600°C with a corresponding increase of that from 200–250°C. The conversion of the quartz into cristobalite was completed by a further heating for two hours at cone 20. Determinations of refractive indices and specific gravities confirmed these results. Flint inverted to cristobalite with greater ease than quartz. Commercial silica brick consisted chiefly of cristobalite and unconverted quartz and showed a large expansion up to 300°C, followed by a considerably smaller but regular expansion to 550°C. From 550° to 600°C the rate of expansion was considerably increased, but above 600°C the change in dimensions was small. The innermost exposed layer of a silica brick after use in a coke oven was an impure glass with a steady expansion, but only half as large as that of the layers of brick behind, which was made for shelling away. A silica brick after use in a steel furnace was divided into four layers. The layer exposed to the furnace heat was practically all cristobalite and silicates, the next layer the same, the third layer showed some α to β quartz expansion as well as the α to β cristobalite expansion, while the fourth (outermost) layer exposed to air was similar to the brick before use. In these bricks exposure to high temperature had evidently completed the change from quartz to cristobalite which had been largely effected in the kiln during manufacture. Little or no tridymite had formed. The reversible thermal expansion from 15–1000°C of the commercial silica brick examined was 1.1 to 1.3%, about double that of fire clay brick.