机场紧急情况处理系统的设计

飞机失事大多是灾难性的，因此，建立具有快速响应和处理能力的机场紧急情况处理系统就很有必要，而目前我国尚未有一个机场建立这样的系统。本阐述了机场可能出现的10种紧急情况，并提出机场紧急情况处理系统应由紧急情况警示，快速响应、事故控制与处理、事故调查和恢复运行5个子系统组成。     

比利时电子身份证计划加强儿童保护

比利时政府扩大全国电子身份证（eID）项目计划,该计划包括专为12岁以下儿童开发的带有特殊功能的eID卡,用以提高他们紧急情况下的安全度。     

紧急情况下人的误判断与误操作数学模型

分析人在紧急情况下的行为特征，讨论人产生误操作和误判断的根源与影响因素。通过在紧急情况下人的误操作与误判断实验，得到紧急情况下成年人的特征数据，建立了紧急情况下人的误判断与误操作数学模型。     

SOS安全滑雪杖

滑雪是一个危险性比较大的户外运动,因为在白茫茫的雪地里,你看不到任何的东西,有的时候也辨不清方向。在这种情况下如果要获得最好的救援就需要一个比较明显的标志或烟火,这是一个安全方便的滑雪杖,它装了一个GPS定位仪器,还有一个激光束求救标志,可以在紧急情况下发出强烈的信号和在雪地上投射一个巨大的SOS标志,更快的吸引救援人员的注意。     

救助帆船爱好者于危险和溺水中

一项新的ISO标准将有助于防止抓住小型舰艇行吊架的水手伤亡,确保在紧急情况下能够把他们从船上的金属线上解开。     

机场地面电源中频动态电压补偿器设计

本文采用系统工程理论与数电模拟双环控制策略,对机场地面电源中频动态电压补偿器的设计进行了深入研究。研究重点是电压补偿器工作原理的优化、变压器匹配模块的设计以及高效的补偿策略。通过结合硬件电路和软件算法设计,实现了对中频动态负载的精准响应和电压的稳定输出。提出了一系列创新方案,如电流精准检测与系统层补偿策略,以提升系统性能和可靠性,有效解决机场地面电源系统中存在的电能质量问题。     

洪水中救援灯

这是一个救生用的浮选设备，与其他的浮选设备不同的是它有一个应急的救援灯，在紧急情况下能够让你更好的找到方向。当船在海中遇险的时候，船上自由的照明设备都会损坏，自备的应急灯也不会很容易找到，只有这救援设备是可以派上用场的，它是组合式的结构，可以组合成浮选设备，也可以单独使用。     

注意真空负压

真空负压对于流程设备来说是一种灾难。严重时会造成人身危险事故，轻微时会加重设备的磨损。瑞士生物工程技术公司研发设计了一种真空阀，可作为紧急情况报警装置使用。它能避免很多危险的事故，能够预防生物工程设备磨损件的提前损坏。     

美国机场准备使用内部通用认证卡

通过机场认证协同计划，机场工作人员只要携带一张身份卡片就可以通行全国机场，无须在每个机场都进行身份识别和认证，大大减轻了员工和机场的负担。     

机场容量的分析与改善

容量的定义通常包括机场容量、理论容量、运行容量和计划容量四层含义。容量与延误曾用分析型式和计算机模拟型式两种方法来进行分析。机场容量是指一个机场系统允许通过的旅客流量或航空器流量的通称,它取决于候机楼设施、跑道系统和终端区（TMA）系统三方面的影响。明确一个机场的跑道运行容量,将为实施该机场的空中交通管制指挥和流量控制管理等提供基本依据。机场容量和延误的资料对机场规划者是很重要的,航空界坚决相信。通过对产生延误的各因素的了解和采取技术革新方法以减少延误,大量的提高航空运输效率是能够实现的。研究容量和延误的一个主要目的是要确定在机场上增加容量和减少延误的作用好、效率高的办法。     

单航班噪声动态等值线的绘制算法

机场噪声的可视化是机场范围内环境评价的重要方面,通过机场噪声的等值线分布图可以分析各个时段和地区的噪声大小,并据此调整航班计划和飞行航迹减少受影响地区的噪声强度。基于单飞行事件研究飞机噪声的动态分布情况,利用曲线分段拟合噪声值的变化规律并在此基础上预测实时的噪声值。为了避免常规的等值线绘制中遍历次数多、等值线计算复杂等缺陷,提出一种基于等值点摇摆的等值线网格队列算法,满足了动态绘制对时间复杂度的要求。     

大型国际机场规划中飞机噪声影响分析

为了评价某国际机场总体规划中的飞机噪声对机场周围环境的影响,利用飞机噪声预测软件INM6.2对飞机噪声进行了预测。通过计算,获得飞机噪声等值线图,以此对飞行量增长导致不相容用地增加的预期进行分析,结果表明:除少部分区域外,本次机场规划噪声影响与城市土地利用规划基本相容。最后,提出机场周围土地利用控制性建议,并给出了包括飞机选型、调整不同时段的飞机飞行架次、执行低噪声飞行程序、种植树木草坪等方面的飞机噪声影响控制措施。     

The control of hazardous chemical spills in the united kingdom

Progress in the safe transport of chemical products against a background of significant changes in legislation is discussed. The number of serious chemical incidents in the UK is low but nevertheless a need for adequate emergency response procedures is essential. Any organisation operating or involved with hazardous chemicals, which could accidentally be released, has a duty to establish an emergency contingency plan.Good communications are a basic requirement for any emergency response capability. The marking of packages and vehicles with an appropriate telephone number, a statutory requirement for certain products, is also a fundamental principle in the Chemical Industry Scheme for Assistance in Freight Emergencies (CHEMSAFE). This voluntary scheme is being extended to cover all aspects of chemicals distribution — road, rail, sea and air ports, and transit warehouses. Apart from the response capabilities established by industry, an equally important role is played by Central and Local Government Organisations which include the Public Emergency Authorities. The co-operation between industry and government is a key factor in both reducing hazardous chemical spills and minimising their impact on the environment, should they occur.     

An integrated emergency ordering and production planning optimization model with demand and yield uncertainty

This paper proposes an integrated emergency ordering and production planning scheme for a multi-item, multi-product problem in which each product is composed of several ingredients. Each item can be supplied from both cheap unreliable suppliers prone to yield uncertainty and expensive reliable suppliers. A two-stage decision-making process is proposed in which orders are placed to the unreliable suppliers during the first stage and an emergency order can be placed in the second stage. In addition, a flexible backup ordering contract between the buyer and emergency supplier is proposed. A similar two-stage decision-making process is considered for production planning, where in the first stage, the main production plan is determined and in the second stage, the decision about a limited increase in the production plan is made as an emergency decision. An integrated ordering and production planning decision process is proposed for the problem. The value of emergency decisions, including the value of emergency ordering and the value of emergency production planning evaluates the effectiveness of the emergency decisions. Due to the staggering size of the problem, sample average approximation method is used to solve the problem.     

The Program Research on Security Programs Before Flight Based on Single Code Network Plan

The civil aviation industry has made rapid development with the continuous growth of China＇s economy. At the same time ,the airline companies buy more and more civil aircrafts.This phenomenon will lead to a big flying density ,which will make airport management become more complex.This paper first introduces the characteristic of security programs before flight and the single code network plan, and then put the security programs before flight into the single code network plan to find out the key route and calculate the guarantee period. Finally, we analyse the programs according to the guarantee period and critical route.It not only provides a support for administrator, but also we present a reasonable methods to reduce the guarantee period.     

喀斯特地貌机场场平控制爆破技术实践

针对贵阳龙洞堡机场三期扩建工程场平控制爆破,机场不得停航,保证飞机安全起降的要求,以工期与工程量来划分爆区,采取大规模深孔爆破为主、小规模大孔径浅孔(115 mm)爆破为辅、机械破碎相结合的方案对扩建场地进行开挖。采用逐孔起爆网路,孔内外雷管均使用双板雷管连接,孔内反向起爆,并在邻近机场围栏爆区监测爆破振动,将其控制在1 cm/s以内。选择地势较低点为起爆孔,将邻近围栏时的自由面朝向避开机场方向,爆破区域预留岩墙、覆盖炮孔,严格控制爆破飞石进入机场围栏。因为爆破区域地质环境属喀斯特地貌,又处于多降雨水地区,所以伴有溶洞且水孔率高。为此,统筹安排钻孔,改进装药方式,引入小型现场混装乳化炸药车,降低水孔率;通过测量装药高度来确定溶洞的存在,以调整炮孔布置,避开溶洞区。爆破施工方案满足了工程要求,当前单次最大起爆药量达80余吨,最大起爆炮孔数超过715个,顺利完成了不停航场平控制爆破,无爆破安全事故发生,无民爆物品流失。     

城市重大事故应急辅助决策支持系统研究

针对严重影响我国经济发展和社会稳定的城市重大事故，研究了典型城市重大事故动态模拟的模型和方法，并开发了反应及时、决策科学和资源高效利用的事故应急决策支持系统，主要包括以下功能：城市不同功能区典型重大事故的动态模拟；城市不同功能区典型重大事故应急决策；城市不同功能区、不同事故类型的应急预案库；城市重大事故应急决策与指挥调度决策。该系统充分运用了先进的信息管理手段和工程技术，可及时发现事故隐患、控制事故扩展和蔓延并及时采取救援措施，使财产损失和人员伤亡减少到最低程度。     

Emergency planning and the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH/Seveso II) Directive: an approach to determine the public safety zone for toxic cloud releases

The EU Control of Major Accidents Hazards Directive (Seveso II) requires an external emergency plan for each top tier site. This paper sets out a method to build the protection of public health into emergency planning for Seveso sites in the EU. The method involves the review of Seveso site details prescribed under the directive. The site safety report sets out the potential accident scenarios. The safety report's worst-case scenario, and chemical involved, is used as the basis for the external emergency plan. A decision was needed on the appropriate threshold value to use as the level of concern to protect public health. The definitions of the regulatory standards (air quality standards and occupational standards) in use were studied, how they are derived and for what purpose. The 10 min acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) for a chemical is recommended as the threshold value to inform decisions taken to protect public health from toxic cloud releases. The area delimited by AEGL 1 defines the population who may be concerned about being exposed. They need information based on comprehensive risk assessment. The area delimited by AEGL 2 defines the population for long-term surveillance when indicated and may include first responders. The area delimited by AEGL 3 defines the population who may present acutely to the medical services. It ensures that the emergency responders site themselves safely. A standard methodology facilitates discussions with plant operators and concerned public. Examples show how the methodology can be adapted to suit explosive risk and response to fire.     

A Proactive Operational Framework for Business Continuity in the Semiconductor Industry

Prolonged disruption due to a man‐made crisis or a natural disaster could result in the loss of vital corporate assets or market share. To protect the organization and ensure the survival of the business, a comprehensive contingency plan is necessary. Some unique characteristics of the semiconductor industry are its equipment and its technological and capital‐intensive investments. As with any other industry, the uninterrupted provision of products and services to clients should be considered the key priority of the semiconductor industry. In this regard, this paper presents a systematic and proactive operational framework for the semiconductor industry to effectively anticipate, resist, and recover from disasters. The framework is composed of three phases: emergency response team, crisis management, and business continuity plan. The contents of these phases are discussed, and related workable procedures and measures are recommended to practitioners to ensure that organizations can continue to operate in the most adverse situations and thus remain viable and profitable during and after the crisis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

军用机场飞机噪声环境联合指标评价体系研究

通过分析军用机场飞机噪声影响范围大、单次飞行事件噪声影响突出和噪声影响不均匀的特点,指出用现有噪声评价指标评价军用机场飞机噪声环境的不足,提出L_(dn)、L_(Amax)和高峰时段RL_(dn)的军用机场飞机噪声环境联合指标评价体系,并对联合指标评价体系进行合理性分析,提出相应噪声限值标准。对三个军用机场噪声测试及噪声主观反应调查验证了其可行性。