Photochromic diarylethene for two-photon 3D optical storage

We had accomplished recording and readout of bit patterns by two-photon 3D optical storage technology using a new photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-methylene-n-butylamido-thien-3-yl) perfluorocyclopentene (BMMBTP), as memory medium. The photochromic reaction, both in solution and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) amorphous film, and fluorescence property of BMMBTP were investigated.     

Gold nanoparticle-mediated fluorescence enhancement by two-photon polymerized 3D microstructures

Fluorescence enhancement achieved by functionalized microstructures made by two-photon polymerization (TPP) is reported for the first time. Microstructures of various shapes made of SU-8 photoresist were prepared and coated with gold nanoparticles (NP) of 80 nm. Localized fluorescence enhancement was demonstrated by microstructures equipped with tips of sub-micron dimensions. The enhancement was realized by positioning the NP-coated structures over fluorescent protein layers. Two fluorophores with their absorption in the red and in the green region of the VIS spectrum were used. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to quantify the enhancement. The enhancement factor was as high as 6 in areas of several square-micrometers and more than 3 in the case of local enhancement, comparable with literature values for similar nanoparticles. The structured pattern of the observed fluorescence intensity indicates a classic enhancement mechanism realized by standing waves over reflecting surfaces. With further development mobile microtools made by TPP and functionalized by metal NPs can be actuated by optical tweezers and position to any fluorescent micro-object, such as single cells to realize localized, targeted fluorescence enhancement.     

Gold nanostars: surfactant-free synthesis, 3D modelling, and two-photon photoluminescence imaging

Understanding the control of the optical and plasmonic properties of unique nanosystems--gold nanostars--both experimentally and theoretically permits superior design and fabrication for biomedical applications. Here, we present a new, surfactant-free synthesis method of biocompatible gold nanostars with adjustable geometry such that the plasmon band can be tuned into the near-infrared region 'tissue diagnostic window', which is most suitable for in vivo imaging. Theoretical modelling was performed for multiple-branched 3D nanostars and yielded absorption spectra in good agreement with experimental results. The plasmon band shift was attributed to variations in branch aspect ratio, and the plasmon band intensifies with increasing branch number, branch length, and overall star size. Nanostars showed an extremely strong two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) process. The TPL imaging of wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) functionalized nanostars on BT549 breast cancer cells and of PEGylated nanostars circulating in the vasculature, examined through a dorsal window chamber in vivo in laboratory mouse studies, demonstrated that gold nanostars can serve as an efficient contrast agent for biological imaging applications.     

A self-consistent calculation of the magnetic transition recorded on a thin film disk

We have extended the self-consistent calculation of a magnetic transition recorded on a thin film disk to where the head has been removed. The calculated transition width is compared with experiment and its functional dependences on the magnetic parameters of the medium are compared with previous theories.     

Self-gated two-photon photorefractive effect induced by light upconversion in Er-Doped LiTaO3

It is demonstrated that Er doping increases the photorefractive effect in LiTaO(3). Raman and fluorescence spectra are used to establish that the upconverted green emission of Er(3+) clusters acts as a gating source, significantly increasing the two-photon photorefractive effect of a monochromatic red or near-infrared pump source.     

Epifluorescence collection in two-photon microscopy

We present a simple model to describe epifluorescence collection in two-photon microscopy when one images in a turbid slab with an objective. Bulk and surface scattering determine the spatial and angular distributions of the outgoing fluorescence photons at the slab surface, and geometrical optics determines how efficiently the photons are collected. The collection optics are parameterized by the objective's numerical aperture and working distance and by an effective collection field of view. We identify the roles of each of these parameters and provide simple rules of thumb for the optimization of the epifluorescence collection efficiency. Analytical results are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulation.     

The MD 122 dual 3 Mbyte flexible disk drive

The dual 3Mbyte flexible disk drive provides 6 Mbyte of formatted data storage in a compact package designed for in-built use. The two disks may be inserted or removed independently and share a common double ended spindle. A common actuator is used to position the four recording heads. High areal recording density is achieved using advanced technology recording heads and media in association with a microprocesor controlled environmentally compensated servo positioner. The drive incorporates an intelligent controller which provides sophisticated data handling functions and controls the drive in such a manner that the interface to the host is free of drive dependant parameters.     

Giant two-photon absorption in bilayer graphene

We present a quantum perturbation theory on two-photon absorption (2PA) in monolayer and bilayer graphene which is Bernal-stacked. The theory shows that 2PA is significantly greater in bilayer graphene than monolayer graphene in the visible and infrared spectrum (up to 3 μm) with a resonant 2PA coefficient of up to ～0.2 cm/W located at half of the bandgap energy, γ(1) = 0.4 eV. In the visible and terahertz region, 2PA exhibits a light frequency dependence of ω(-3) in bilayer graphene, while it is proportional to ω(-4) for monolayer graphene at all photon energies. Within the same order of magnitude, the 2PA theory is in agreement with our Z-scan measurements on high-quality epitaxial bilayer graphene deposited on SiC substrate at light wavelength of 780 and 1100 nm.     

3D velocity from 3D Doppler radial velocity

We present local least squares and regularization frameworks for computing 3D velocity (3D optical flow) from 3D radial velocity measured by a Doppler radar. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms quantitatively on synthetic radial velocity data and qualitatively on real radial velocity data, obtained from the Doppler radar at Kurnell Radar station, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Radial velocity can be used to predict the future positions of storms in sequences of Doppler radar datasets.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 189–198, 2005     

面向3D打印机的彩色三维模型成型技术

针对3D打印技术打印速度慢、打印精度低、不能多色打印等缺陷,研究3D打印机的STL文件载入和读取、基于OpenGL的模型显示、彩色图片像素采集以及基于RGB颜色空间的数据处理算法等技术,以便将数据转化成相应的G代码发送给下位机.     

3D打印复杂点阵结构的缺陷三维可视化方法

针对3D打印的复杂点阵结构容易出现裂纹、未熔合或孔洞等缺陷,严重影响结构件的功能性能问题,开展了对3D打印的一种复杂点阵结构件的缺陷三维可视化检测方法研究。基于CT图像中结构件内部缺陷的灰度值差异特征,采用集合灰度值法自动识别一类缺陷并分割提取,由光线投射法对分割得到的缺陷序列图像进行三维重构。实验结果表明:所提方法有效获得了点阵结构件内部一种典型缺陷的三维可视图,从三维角度可对缺陷的形状、大小等形貌细节信息进行描述,为进一步分析缺陷对结构性能的影响提供了有力的依据。     

Quantum noise analysis in correlated two-photon imaging

The theoretical analysis of quantum noise is presented in a correlated two-photon imaging system with entangled photons. The noise is strongly influenced by the size and the entanglement degree of the source. An increase of the source size results in a remarkable decrease of the amplitude of the noise when the size is much smaller than the aperture of the lens, whereas the change will not be obvious if the size is close to the aperture. The difference of the effects from the source between correlated imaging formed with entangled photons and with partially coherent light is also discussed.     

3D打印发展背景下三维建模软件变革趋势分析

目的作为3D打印重要的辅助工具,现有三维建模软件针对专业用户开发设计,并不适用于普通用户。分析三维建模软件的变革趋势,目的在于让普通用户更方便地使用3D打印设备。方法采用实例分析方法,对具有代表性的三维建模软件进行分析。结论提出面向普通用户的三维建模软件开发思路,包括操作界面图形符号化、信息架构扁平化、建模功能智能化以及基于浏览器的三维建模软件服务平台。     

Excitation saturation in two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has become a powerful and sensitive research tool for the study of molecular dynamics at the single-molecule level. Because photophysical dynamics often dramatically influence FCS measurements, the role of various photophysical processes in FCS measurements must be understood to accurately interpret FCS data. We describe the role of excitation saturation in two-photon fluorescence correlation measurements. We introduce a physical model that characterizes the effects of excitation saturation on the size and shape of the two-photon fluorescence observation volume and derive a new analytical expression for fluorescence correlation functions that includes the influence of saturation. With this model, we can accurately describe both the temporal decay and the amplitude of measured fluorescence correlation functions over a wide range of illumination powers.     

Spin diffusion in 2D and 3D quantum solids

A moment method is used to compute the anisotropic spin diffusion constant in two-dimensional (2D) adsorbed and bulk (3D) quantum solids in which the spin motion is induced by an exchange Hamiltonian. Computations are carried out in 2D for the square and triangular lattices and in 3D for the hcp lattice. It is assumed that there are pair and three-particle exchange processes only. Since, in hcp³He, exchange processes out of the basal planeJ may occur at a different rate from processes in the planeJ, comparison with experimental results on single crystals should allow the determination ofJ andJ. Our results are given as functions of the ratioy=J/J and of the angle betweenc axis and field gradient. The 2D triangular lattice is shown to correspond to the special casey=0 of the hcp lattice. Our square-lattice result compares well with that of Morita (who used a different technique), supporting the validity of our method.     

2D and 3D imaging of fatigue failure mechanisms of 3D woven composites

A detailed investigation of the failure mechanisms for angle-interlocked (AI) and modified layer-to-layer (MLL) three dimensional (3D) woven composites under tension–tension (T–T) fatigue loading has been conducted using surface optical microscopy, cross-sectional SEM imaging, and non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT). X-ray microCT has revealed how cracks including surface matrix cracks, transverse matrix cracks, fibre/matrix interfacial debonding or delamination develop, and has delineated the complex 3D morphology of these cracks in relation to fibre architecture. For both weaves examined, transverse cracks soon become uniformly distributed in the weft yarns. A higher crack density was found in the AI composite than the MLL composite. Transverse cracking initiates in the fibre rich regions of weft yarns rather than the resin rich regions. Delaminations in the failed MLL specimen were more extensive than the AI specimen. It is suggested that for the MLL composite that debonding between the binder yarns and surrounding material is the predominant damage mechanism.     

Nanomaterial Patterning in 3D Printing

The synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies can enable the creation of architecture and devices with an unprecedented level of functional integration. In particular, a multiscale 3D printing approach can seamlessly interweave nanomaterials with diverse classes of materials to impart, program, or modulate a wide range of functional properties in an otherwise passive 3D printed object. However, achieving such multiscale integration is challenging as it requires the ability to pattern, organize, or assemble nanomaterials in a 3D printing process. This review highlights the latest advances in the integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing, achieved by leveraging mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, or thermal phenomena. Ultimately, it is envisioned that such approaches can enable the creation of multifunctional constructs and devices that cannot be fabricated with conventional manufacturing approaches.