糖蜜酒精废水的两级UASB处理技术研究

研究了两级上流式厌氧污泥床(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed,UASB)反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果。进水COD负荷为28 kg/(m~3·d)时,污泥中微生物活性受到一定抑制,反应器运行效果变差,但仍能稳定运行。糖蜜酒精废水经稀释后进入一级UASB反应器,一级厌氧出水直接作为二级UASB反应器的进水。试验结果表明,经过两级厌氧消化,废水的COD和硫酸根总去除率分别稳定在65%和88%左右,二级厌氧出水COD浓度为9 000 mg/L左右,硫酸根浓度为300 mg/L。一级厌氧处理对COD和硫酸根的去除贡献较大,去除率分别为45%和70%左右,产气效果也较好,日产气量达到35 L左右,甲烷含量70%左右。出水硫化物浓度随进水硫酸根浓度增加而升高,最终一级厌氧出水达到568.8 mg/L,二级厌氧出水达到720mg/L。MPB电子流所占比重随进水COD负荷提升而增大,最大为85.8%。     

立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

介绍了某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液厌氧出水的处理工程,采用立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理工艺。对反应池启动和调试过程中污染物的去除效果进行了分析。结果表明,当处理负荷为COD 1.8 kg/(m3·d)和NH3-N 0.36 kg/(m3·d)左右时,出水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别低于1 900 mg/L和180 mg/L,两者去除率分别高达80%和90%左右。经过120 d满负荷运行,反应池展现出较好的抗冲击负荷能力,出水指标均达到设计要求,经过后续MBR处理可以达到3级排放标准。该工程能够有效节约占地面积。     

木薯酒精废水厌氧处理研究

在酸性进水条件下,采用UASB反应器对木薯酒精废水进行处理.结果表明:在进水pH值为4.50±0.20,进水COD为04000±500)mg/L,水力停留时间为32h的条件下,将UASB反应器的有机负荷(以COD计>提高到10.00 kg·m-3·d-1,COD去除率达到90%以上.UASB反应器在达到较高有机负荷时,系统能够维持较高的碱度,约为2500mg/L,缓冲能力较好,使木薯酒精废水能够在酸性条件下不经调节pH值直接进入UASB反应器进行厌氧生物处理.     

造纸废水处理工程运行实例

以"超浅层气浮+ABF厌氧反应器+卡鲁塞尔氧化沟+深度处理"组合工艺,对河南省某制浆造纸企业生产废水进行处理,4个月的运行数据显示,厌氧工段COD去除率约为70%,平均出水COD浓度为3937 mg·L~(-1);好氧工段COD去除率约为92%,平均出水COD浓度为291 mg·L~(-1);深度处理工段COD去除率约为89%,平均出水COD浓度为32 mg·L~(-1),可以稳定达到《洪河流域废水排放标准》(DB 41/1257-2016)所要求的排放标准。     

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池处理蔗渣堆场喷淋废水

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池是高效的厌氧-好氧反应器,利用其处理废水的结果表明:蔗渣堆场喷淋废水首先经过IC反应器处理,水力停留时间(HRT)4～5h,CODCr容积负荷15～25 kg/(m3·d),产气率达到去除每千克CODCr产沼气0.42m3,CODCr去除率86%,BOD5去除率90%;经曝气生物滤池处理,当CODCr容积负荷为6 kg/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)2.5 h时,CODCr、BOD5的出水浓度分别为159mg/L、38 mg/L.     

造纸法烟草薄片废水碳源回收研究

对造纸法烟草薄片生产废水进行厌氧发酵实验,采用HyVAB反应器对其中的有机碳源进行回收。结果表明,造纸法烟草薄片废水具有较高的产沼能力,单位有机负荷沼气产率为449 L·kg~(-1) COD,气体中CH4含量达到52%以上。HyVAB反应器能很好地回收废水中的有机碳源,对有机物的去除效率高且较稳定。在水力停留时间为13.5 h,有机负荷8.71 kg COD·(m~3·d)~(-1),反应温度25～30℃时,反应器单位有机负荷沼气产率为0.36 m~3·kg~(-1) COD,单位容积沼气产率为3.15 m~3·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水COD平均去除率为71.2%。     

A/O工艺处理草甘膦废水能力研究

为验证A/O工艺对草甘膦废水的脱氮性能,检测处理后的出水达到的水质,文章应用A/O生物脱氮试验装置处理不同负荷工况下的草甘膦综合废水。试验结果表明,当系统COD负荷控制在推荐值0.05～0.1 kgCOD/（kgMLSS·d）时,COD去除率可以达到80%以上,出水COD可以稳定在100 mg/L以下;当系统氨氮负荷在0.02 kgNH3-N/（kgMLSS·d）左右时,系统出水氨氮指标可稳定在7 mg/L以下,氨氮去除率在80%以上;当系统总氮负荷在0.02 kgTN/（kgMLSS·d）左右时,保证一定的C/N比,总氮去除率可达到60%左右,出水总氮可稳定在20 mg/L以下。     

生物活性炭处理低浓度废水最佳运行条件

采用生物活性炭工艺处理低浓度废水,从炭层高度、水力负荷和溶解氧浓度三个方面研究了最佳运行工艺条件。试验结果表明:在温度为17～29℃时,控制炭层高度为500mm、水力负荷为0.33m3·(m2·h)-1、进水DO浓度为5mg·L-1时,BAC对COD、色度和NH4-N的去除率分别达到了68%、71%和73%。并且,根据反应器的运行情况确定了反冲洗方式、反冲洗时间和反冲洗强度。另外,温度和pH也是影响BAC运行的重要条件。     

厌氧内循环度应器处理杨木APMP制浆废水

本实验进行了厌氧内循环反应器处理杨木APMP制浆工艺废水的研究。研究发现:在保持进液COD浓度约7000mg·L~(-1),HRT为8h,容积负荷为21gCOD·L~(-1)·d~(-1)工况条件下,采用逐步增加APMP制浆废水比例的方式对污泥进行驯化,APMP制浆废水的比例递增过程中,COD去除率由70.6%呈逐渐下降的趋势,当APMP制浆废水的比例为30%左右时,降至最低为49.7%,随后COD去除率又逐渐回升至80%以上,并稳定在83.0%左右,表明该工艺能有效去除杨木APMP制浆废水中的大部分COD。     

IC厌氧反应器处理造纸废水的颗粒污泥性质的研究

采用IC厌氧生物反应器处理造纸废水,研究了颗粒污泥的特性。结果表明:采用高负荷、高进水浓度的启动控制条件,经历22天的启动运行,IC反应器的容积负荷为10kgCOD/m3·d,COD去除率达到70%的水平。容积负荷在15~20kgCOD/m3·d,进水上流速度为3.5~4.8m/h时,COD的去除率仍可稳定在70%左右。随着运行时间的增加,IC反应器中颗粒污泥粒径变大,比重增加;厌氧颗粒污泥VSS/TSS的比值增至90%;比产甲烷活性增至450.8mLCH4/gVSS·d;沉降速度达到45.6~112.5m/h,平均沉降速度提高44.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press