硫化镉纳米粒子的合成与应用

研究了用硫脲分子进行表面化学修饰的CdS纳米粒子的合成方法，并引入了一些表面活性剂作为平衡反离子，进一步对CdS表面作了修饰，增加了CdS纳米离子在有机溶剂中的稳定性和可分散性，我们还探讨了温度，浓度，pH等因素对合成的影响，并通过紫外一可见吸收光谱等手段进行了表征，所得微粒呈球形，硫脲分子与CdS纳米粒子富Cd^2 表面通过形成Cd-S配位键而修饰在粒子表面，这种表面修饰的CdS纳米材料在非线性光学及自组装方面具有优异的性能，还研究了含纳米硫化镉的有机／无机杂化非线性光学薄膜材料的制备。     

单分散超顺磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的合成及表征

利用高温裂解法制备了油酸修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,采用TEM、VSM、XRD以及FT-IR对粒子的结构和性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径为2nm,呈单分散性,结晶性能良好,室温下为超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为11.73emu/g,可应用于磁流体、磁性分离等领域。     

纳米硫化镉液相合成及其研究进展

介绍了目前纳米硫化镉液相合成的主要方法，主要包括均匀沉淀法、水热（溶剂热）合成法、乳液法，溶胶-凝胶法、辐射合成法、聚合物网络合成法、电沉积法等，指出了纳米硫化镉液相合成的未来发展方向是合成技术综合化及修饰-改性-应用-体化。今后纳米硫化镉液相合成技术一定会得到更快的发展。     

低温固相合成纳米硫化镉的新方法

以硫代乙酰胺（TAA）与氯化镉为原料，用低温固相反应合成纳米硫化镉。用X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜对所得产物进行表征。结果表明，低温固相法得到的纳米硫化镉为立方晶系结构，微粒平均粒径为15～25nm。出于比较研究的需要，用室温固相法和均匀沉淀法合成了形貌不同的纳米硫化镉。本法产物的粒径分布比室温固相法均匀，而形貌尺寸明显大于均匀沉淀法。     

微生物法合成纳米硫化镉

在黑暗厌氧条件下,利用一株分离出的硫酸盐还原菌合成纳米硫化镉,并利用SEM、XRD、EDS和HRTEM对所得产物进行了详细的表征,考察了制备过程中不同pH值对产物的物相和形貌的影响。表征结果表明:随着pH的不断增加,产物易出现团聚现象,但在pH 6时,纳米硫化镉的粒径最小。将制备的纳米Cds颗粒用于甲基橙的光催化降解反应,通过实验证明,自制的纳米CdS颗粒具有一定的光催化性能,且粒径越小光催化效果越好,pH6条件下合成的纳米CdS颗粒,在240min后,降解率达98.8%。     

纳米粒子的表面修饰在疫苗佐剂开发中的应用

接种疫苗是预防传染病的有效方法。疫苗可增强免疫力,并使个体对病原体感染具有抵抗力。蛋白亚单位疫苗虽具有良好的安全性,但其免疫原性较弱,需要佐剂辅助增强其免疫反应。佐剂作为增加疫苗免疫应答的关键部分,其设计理念和构建原理对开发有效的疫苗十分重要。表面修饰可赋予纳米材料预设的免疫调节功能,以优化疫苗诱导的免疫反应。本文对纳米粒子表面修饰在疫苗佐剂中的应用作一综述。     

无机纳米粒子表面修饰研究进展

本文综述了近年来无机纳米粒子表面修饰的研究进展情况，着重介绍了其在制备聚合物／无机纳米复合材料中的应用。并对表征改性效果的方法进行了描述。     

制备表面修饰油酸的CeO2纳米粒子

以具有不饱和双键的油酸为表面活性剂,对水溶胶中的CeO2纳米粒子进行表面修饰.TEM分析表明,经表面修饰的CeO2纳米粒子基本呈球形,粒径约为3 nm,分布均匀,并且表面包覆油酸的CeO2纳米粒子易溶于弱极性溶剂,不易溶于极性溶剂.     

纳米硫化镉的合成及其电化学催化性能测试

以3CdSO<,4>·8H<,2>O、Na<,2>S·9H<,2>O和EDTA为主要原料,在室温下,利用液相沉淀法制备CdS纳米晶.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)技术对产物进行表征,并用电化学分析仪测试产物对硫化物电解质溶液的催化性能.对产物的形成机理进行了初步分析.结果表明,产物纳米CdS为立方晶相,纯度较高.产物对1...     

二氧化钛纳米粒子的表面修饰及表征

本文利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了6-氨基己酸修饰的TiO2纳米粒子,并对所得产物进行FT-IR、UVVis、XRD和TEM表征,结果证明所得产物表面包覆有有机层,产物的粒径范围为50～60nm,颗粒形状为球形,品型主要为锐钛矿型。在醇溶胶中,产物对紫外光的吸收性能大大提高。     

Cadmium Sulfide Aggregates through Reverse Micelles

CdS aggregates, composed of primary nanocrystalline particles, were synthesized in cyclohexane-sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) reverse micelles at 80°± 1°C under mechanical agitation and sonication with varying Cd²⁺ concentrations in the solutions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant Span 80 in cyclohexane was determined from discernible breaks in the surface tension and optical (ultraviolet) absorbance versus surfactant concentration curves. The synthesized aggregates were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, particle-size analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. The generated aggregates exhibited the characteristic green emission at 520 nm. A minor decrease in emission intensity with increased aggregate size at the same wavelength was observed.     

Photocatalytic Preparation of Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles by Jingle-bell-shaped Cadmium Sulfide–silica Nanoparticles

Gold (Au) nanoparticles were deposited inside silica: (SiO₂) shells containing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles through photocatalytic reduction of potassium dicyanogold(I) by CdS. Photocatalytic Au deposition occurred only when core-shell nanoparticles having a void space between the core and shell, i.e., a jingle-bell-shaped structure, were used. These core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by size-selective photoetching of SiO₂ -covered CdS nanoparticles. The size of Au nanoparticles could be controlled by adjustment of the void space in SiO₂-covered CdS. Dissolution of CdS by acid treatment from the Au-deposited jingle-bell nanoparticles did not have any effect on the surface-plasmon absorption by Au. These facts indicate that Au nanoparticles of adjustable size can be prepared in an SiO₂ shell that prevents mutual coalescence of Au nanoparticles but allows permeation of molecules and ions.     

纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及抗菌性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为原料,改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(AOCF),使其与纳米硫化镉反应,制得纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维(nano-CdS/AOCF)。运用扫描电镜(SEM)及X-衍射能谱仪(EDX)对样品进行了表征,并研究了纤维对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌性能。结果表明,在纤维表面生成了分散均匀的纳米硫化镉,纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维具有良好的抗菌性能。     

Photo-biohydrogen Production by Photosensitization with Biologically Precipitated Cadmium Sulfide in Hydrogen-Forming Recombinant Escherichia coli

An inorganic-biological hybrid system that integrates features of both stable and efficient semiconductors and selective and efficient enzymes is attractive for facilitating the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen. In this study, we aimed to develop a new photocatalytic hydrogen-production system based on Escherichia coli whole-cell genetically engineered as a biocatalysis for highly active hydrogen formation. The photocatalysis part was obtained by bacterial precipitation of cadmium sulfide (CdS), which is a visible-light-responsive semiconductor. The recombinant E. coli cells were sequentially subjected to CdS precipitation and heterologous [FeFe]-hydrogenase synthesis to yield a CdS@E. coli hybrid capable of light energy conversion and hydrogen formation in a single cell. The CdS@E. coli hybrid achieved photocatalytic hydrogen production with a sacrificial electron donor, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our system and expanding the current knowledge of photosensitization using a whole-cell biocatalyst with a bacterially precipitated semiconductor.     

纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用

纳米技术的出现为纳米材料在分析化学领域的发展和应用开辟了新的方向。纳米材料的优异性能例如比表面积大、反应活性高等为生物检测奠定了基础。综述了纳米材料中纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用,并对其将来的发展进行了展望。     

Single Crystalline Cadmium Sulfide Nanowires with Branched Structure

In this article, we report the synthesis of branched single crystal CdS nanowires. This branched CdS nanostructure is prepared by a simple surfactant-directing method, which is of particular interest as it uses readily available reagents and provides a convenient route to high-yield single crystal nanowires but with branched shape. These branched nanowires have an average diameter of about 40 nm and length up to several micrometers. A possible mechanism has been proposed and the addition of surfactant dodecylthiol into the two mixed-solvents would play an importance effect on the structure of the product. Based on the mechanism, by controlling the synthesis conditions, such as the ratios between the surfactant, inorganic solvent, and organic solvent, other kinds of nanostructures based on CdS nanowires were also prepared. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement reveals that the branched CdS nanowires have a strong emission at about 700 nm which might be due to its special structure.     

聚苯硫醚纤维的改性

简要介绍了聚苯硫醚纤维的性能与应用,从结构改性、共混改性、表面处理改性三方面阐述了对聚苯硫醚纤维改性方法的研究情况。综述表明,无论采用何种改性方法,都能相应有效改善纤维的性能,弥补性能的不足。     

聚苯硫醚的应用

聚苯硫醚是一种具有许多优良特性的工程塑料，其应用十分广泛。本文介绍了聚苯硫醚的性质，在膜材料上、在化工设备防腐上、在摩擦领域中、在电子电器领域中、在汽车领域中、在称重传感器应变计中、在食品机械上的应用并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Effects of Annealing Conditions of Electrodes on the Photovoltaic Properties of Sintered Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells

Polycrystalline n -CdS/ p -CdTe solar cells with a commerical carbon paint on the p -CdTe layer and an In-Ag paint on the n -CdS layer were fabricated by a coating and sintering method. Electrical properties of the conducting paints and solar cell parameters of the heterojunction solar cells were investigated as a function of electrode annealing conditions. The sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells whose electrode contacts were annealed at 350°C for 10 min in nitrogen showed maximum values of short-circuit current density, fill factor, and solar efficiency. Commercial carbon and silver paints can be used as electrodes to fabricate sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells with efficiency over 10%.     

硫化氢的提纯及应用

概括了介绍了硫化氢的应用及提纯工艺。