Preparation and characterisation of octenyl succinate starch as a delivery carrier for bioactive food components

The octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified corn starch (OSAS) was synthesised with different degrees of substitution (DS) and the influences of three factors namely OSA/starch ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the DS of OSAS were studied by response surface methodology (RSM). As a delivery carrier material, the characteristics of OSAS were investigated. The resistant starch (RS) content of OSAS was increased with increasing DS, indicating the improvement of colon-targeting property. The swelling ratio (SR) of the OSAS in simulated gastrointestinal fluids was higher than that of native starch and its hydrophilicity was decreased with increasing DS. For in vitro release study, the percentage of released bioactive components was less than 7% within the first 8 h and close to 100% over a period of 36 h when the DS was 0.60. These results demonstrate that OSAS can be a potential carrier for colon-targeted delivery of bioactive food components.     

Influence of malting and lactic acid fermentation on functional bioactive components in cereal‐based raw materials: a review paper

Driven by increased health awareness among consumers, the production of foods and beverages enriched with functional bioactive components is gaining more attention. Malting and lactic acid fermentation are biotechnological processes having potential for producing functional foods and beverages. Due to various biochemical and enzymatic induced changes in raw materials, malting of cereal grains and probiotic lactic acid fermentation of plant‐based media increases the nutritional quality of treated raw materials. The improved nutritional quality is attributed to the accumulation of functional bioactive components along with the degradation of anti‐nutritional components. The selection of raw materials and process parameters are important factors to be considered for increasing the functional bioactive components such as dietary fibres, antioxidants and probiotics. This review article reports the current knowledge on the changes of bioactive components during malting and lactic acid fermentation using probiotic bacterial strains. Process parameters which affect the concentration of bioactive components in raw materials will also be described.     

运动营养食品及其抗疲劳活性成分研究进展

缓解疲劳的关键在于保证机体运动水平,科学合理膳食与运动营养补充是主要途径。随着我国全民健康运动的兴起,运动人群不断增长,具有补充机体能量、减轻运动疲劳等作用的运动营养食品逐渐受到人们关注和重视,成为实现健康生活方式不可或缺的一个方面。目前,我国运动营养食品标准日趋完善,市场份额逐年增长,产业愈发成熟,发展前景十分乐观。本文从运动营养食品的定义及分类出发,系统阐述运动营养食品及其抗疲劳活性成分的国内外研究现状,并对其未来发展趋势做出展望,以期推动抗疲劳功能性运动食品的科学研究与应用开发,为普通大众了解运动营养食品、科学选择运动营养食品提供参考依据。     

A systematic review on nanoencapsulation of food bioactive ingredients and nutraceuticals by various nanocarriers

Abstract

Today, there is an ever-growing interest on natural food ingredients both by consumers and producers in the food industry. In fact, people are looking for those products in the market which are free from artificial and synthetic additives and can promote their health. These food bioactive ingredients should be formulated in such a way that protects them against harsh process and environmental conditions and safely could be delivered to the target organs and cells. Nanoencapsulation is a perfect strategy for this situation and there have been many studies in recent years for nanoencapsulation of food components and nutraceuticals by different technologies. In this review paper, our main goal is firstly to have an overview of nanoencapsulation techniques applicable to food ingredients in a systematic classification, i.e., lipid-based nanocarriers, nature-inspired nanocarriers, special-equipment-based nanocarriers, biopolymer nanocarriers, and other miscellaneous nanocarriers. Then, application of these cutting-edge nanocarriers for different nutraceuticals including phenolic compounds and antioxidants, natural food colorants, antimicrobial agents and essential oils, vitamins, minerals, flavors, fish oils and essential fatty acids will be discussed along with presenting some examples in each field.     

不同生长期仙人掌的营养及生理活性成分分析

对米邦塔仙人掌的营养成分、活性成分分析。结果表明粗蛋白含量为0.65%~0.68%,脂肪含量为0.30%~0.31%;氨基酸总量为6.81%~7.38%,其中谷氨酸含量达1.08%~1.52%;果胶、膳食纤维分别为1.47%~1.68%和0.87%~1.22%;干样的钙含量可达5.6%,铁8.06mg/100g,锌3.30mg/100g;B族维生素丰富,其中干样VB6含量可达5.62mg/100g;单宁0.02%~0.04%;不含草酸;生理活性物质如粗多糖、多酚、黄酮类物质分别约为1.27%、0.063%、0.036%,半乳糖约占多糖中单糖总量的80%。在不同生长期,米邦塔仙人掌矿物质、果胶、纤维素的含量逐月增长,6个月生长期的有机酸、氨基氮、单宁的含量低,而黄酮、多酚的含量高,其他营养活性成分的差异较小。     

Effects of nutrient and bioactive food components on Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is becoming widespread. For this reason, in recent years factors affecting the development, progression and cognitive function of the AD have been emphasized. Nutrients and other bioactive nutrients are among the factors that are effective in AD. In particular, vitamins A, C and E, vitamins B₁, B₆ and B₁₂, folate, magnesium, choline, inositol, anthocyanins, isoflavones etc. nutrients and bioactive nutrients are known to be effective in the development of AD. Nutrients and nutrient components may also have an epigenetic effect on AD. At the same time, nutrients and bioactive food components slow down the progression of the disease. For this reason, the effect of nutrients and food components on AD was examined in this review.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals from fruits,vegetables, and food legumes: A review

Inflammation is the first biological response of the immune system to infection, injury or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated through the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ as well as noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E₂. Fruits, vegetables, and food legumes contain high levels of phytochemicals that show anti-inflammatory effect, but their mechanisms of actions have not been completely identified. The aim of this paper was to summarize the recent investigations and findings regarding in vitro and animal model studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of fruits, vegetables, and food legumes. Specific cytokines released for specific type of physiological event might shed some light on the specific use of each source of phytochemicals that can benefit to counter the inflammatory response. As natural modulators of proinflammatory gene expressions, phytochemical from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes could be incorporated into novel bioactive anti-inflammatory formulations of various nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Finally, these phytochemicals are discussed as the natural promotion strategy for the improvement of human health status. The phenolics and triterpenoids in fruits and vegetables showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than other compounds. In food legumes, lectins and peptides had anti-inflammatory activity in most cases. However, there are lack of human study data on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes.     

全程低温精制工艺对油茶籽油主要活性成分的影响

油茶籽油含有多种具有生物活性的功能性营养成分,被誉为“东方橄榄油”.然而,初榨油茶籽油中还含有一些不良物质和浓重的气味,需要通过精炼去除后才能成为高质量的商业产品.由于大部分的生物活性物质是热敏感型化合物,因此精炼温度是影响精炼油茶籽油质量的关键工艺参数.通过适度降低传统的精炼温度,优化组合了一套油茶籽油全程低温精炼工艺.应用结果表明,优化的低温精制工艺不仅能有效地去除油茶籽油中的不良成分、产品质量完全符合国家质量标准(GB 11765-2003),而且能最大程度地保留油茶籽油中的活性营养成分.与传统的高温精炼工艺相比,低温精炼油中的甾醇、角鲨烯、维生素E和维生素D3的保留率分别提高了59.2％、54.3％、56.2％和67.8％.     

Bioactive edible films for food applications: mechanisms of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Abstract

In order to improve the quality of food and to extend their shelf life, a new generation of active edible films is being especially intended after the incorporation of organic acids, enzymes, antimicrobial proteins, phenolic compounds, or other functional ingredients such as probiotics, flavors, vitamins and nutraceuticals. These active compounds have different mechanisms of action related to their structure, their concentration, the nature of micro-organism targeted, the process of encapsulation or incorporation in the biopolymer film-networks. The application of the active films by direct contact or indirect contact via the head space also affects the bioactivity of these compounds. This article critically reviews the published work on active edible-films and their applications for food preservation. The classes of active compounds and their action mechanisms are firstly discussed. Then, an extended overview on their effect on model food (simulants) or on real food during storage was also addressed. Edible films offer two main advantages over the direct incorporation of the antimicrobial or antioxidant agents into the bulk food: 1) to control the diffusion of active compounds at the surface of the food and 2) to reduce the amount of preservatives added in the food.     

甘薯生物活性成分功能特性研究进展

甘薯是重要的粮食作物,在世界范围内被广泛种植。随着全球不可再生资源的加剧匮乏,材料学和生命科学的快速兴起,甘薯的研究、应用领域也得到了进一步的拓展和深化。近年来,甘薯生物活性成分的功能特性成为研究的热点。本文对近年来国内外学者对从甘薯中提取的纤维素、甘薯多糖、糖蛋白、酚类、醛类、醇类等生物活性成分在抗氧化和诱发糖尿病、高血糖、高血脂以及肿瘤等体内外实验中所取得的研究进展和成果进行综述。通过对这些最新研究成果的梳理,可为相关院校、科研院所和企业单位提供相应参考。     

传统发酵食品中功能成分的研究进展

传统发酵食品具有悠久的历史，且种类繁多，因其独特的风味和功能而深受大众欢迎。该文就传统发酵食品的功能成分及其作用，以及传统发酵行业所面临的问题作一综述，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Taste in food education: A critical review essay

In this article, we focus on how taste is used in contemporary food education. By critically discussing a series of academic studies that design and evaluate taste education programs for children, we argue that most of the literature on taste education demonstrates a reductive understanding of taste and is essentially mistrustful of children’s taste rather than developing children’s ability to make critical food choices. Taste is seen as a barrier to the adoption of “correct” eating habits and is not recognized as an important sense, a source of pleasure, or a central way of sensually understanding and approaching the world. In other words, taste education becomes a tool to push children toward “hegemonic nutrition.”     

Rice varietal differences in bioactive bran components for inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth

Rice bran chemical profiles differ across rice varieties and have not yet been analysed for differential chemopreventive bioactivity. A diverse panel of seven rice bran varieties was analysed for growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Inhibition varied from 0% to 99%, depending on the variety of bran used. Across varieties, total lipid content ranged 5–16%, individual fatty acids had 1.4- to 1.9-fold differences, vitamin E isoforms (α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols, and tocopherols) showed 1.3- to 15.2-fold differences, and differences in γ-oryzanol and total phenolics ranged between 100–275 ng/mg and 57–146 ng GAE/mg, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds implicated in CRC cell growth inhibitory activity. Total phenolics and γ-tocotrienol were positively correlated with reduced CRC cell growth (p < 0.05). Stoichiometric variation in rice bran components and differential effects on CRC viability merit further evaluation elucidate their role in dietary CRC chemoprevention.     

Therapeutic potential of dairy bioactive peptides: A contemporary perspective

Dairy products are associated with numerous health benefits. These are a good source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein (bioactive peptides), lipids, minerals, and vitamins, which are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of the human body. Accordingly, dairy bioactive peptides are one of the targeted compounds present in different dairy products. Dairy bioactive compounds can be classified as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, immmunomodulant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, opoid, anti-thrombotic, anti-obesity, and mineral-binding agents, depending upon biological functions. These bioactive peptides can easily be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, and during fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion. For this reason, fermented dairy products, such as yogurt, cheese, and sour milk, are gaining popularity worldwide, and are considered excellent source of dairy peptides. Furthermore, fermented and non-fermented dairy products are associated with lower risks of hypertension, coagulopathy, stroke, and cancer insurgences. The current review article is an attempt to disseminate general information about dairy peptides and their health claims to scientists, allied stakeholders, and, certainly, readers.     

原子力显微镜在食品组分研究中的应用进展

原子力显微镜因其分辨率高,样品预处理简单且可在空气和水溶液环境中连续成像等诸多优点,而被广泛应用于食品科学研究领域。本文就原子力显微镜在食品主要组分中的研究进行了综述,旨在为原子力显微镜在食品科学研究领域的应用和发展提供参考。     

大孔树脂在食品活性成分分离中的应用

介绍了大孔树脂的性质、分类、分离原理以及大孔树脂在食品活性成分，如皂苷、黄酮、蛋白质、多肽和酚类等物质分离中的应用。     

Emerging drying techniques for food safety and quality: A review

The new trends in drying technology seek a promising alternative to synthetic preservatives to improve the shelf-life and storage stability of food products. On the other hand, the drying process can result in deformation and degradation of phytoconstituents due to their thermal sensitivity. The main purpose of this review is to give a general overview of common drying techniques with special attention to food industrial applications, focusing on recent advances to maintain the features of the active phytoconstituents and nutrients, and improve their release and storage stability. Furthermore, a drying technique that extends the shelf-life of food products by reducing trapped water, will negatively affect the spoilage of microorganisms and enzymes that are responsible for undesired chemical composition changes, but can protect beneficial microorganisms like probiotics. This paper also explores recent efficient improvements in drying technologies that produce high-quality and low-cost final products compared to conventional methods. However, despite the recent advances in drying technologies, hybrid drying (a combination of different drying techniques) and spray drying (drying with the help of encapsulation methods) are still promising techniques in food industries. In conclusion, spray drying encapsulation can improve the morphology and texture of dry materials, preserve natural components for a long time, and increase storage times (shelf-life). Optimizing a drying technique and using a suitable drying agent should also be a promising solution to preserve probiotic bacteria and antimicrobial compounds.     

橄榄营养成分和生物活性物质研究进展

橄榄树是著名的亚热带特产果树,其果实橄榄营养价值丰富,又具有特殊风味,早在唐朝就被列为贡品,也是我国卫生部首批公布的药食两用物种,有益于人类健康,日益受到关注。本文综述了橄榄的营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质),生物活性成分(多酚、黄酮、三萜、苯丙素和挥发油)的研究进展,分析了当前橄榄资源开发利用的不足,为橄榄资源的深入研究、精深加工、综合利用,高附加值橄榄产品的开发提供参考。      

玉米须生物活性成分的研究进展

综述了国内外在玉米须生物活性成分的提取工艺、测定、分离方法、结构鉴定等方面的研究概况。     

蛋白质水解物与食品中不同组分之间交互作用的研究进展

通过酶水解的方式能够获得具有较强抗氧化活性的蛋白质水解物,如果将其添加到食品当中,不仅可以抑制脂肪和蛋白的氧化,而且还可以通过蛋白质水解物与食品组分间的交互作用改善食品的一些功能性质,进而提高食品的品质。本文主要综述不同蛋白质来源的蛋白质水解物与食品组分(主要包括蛋白质、碳水化合物以及脂质)之间的交互作用、作用机理及其对食品功能性质的影响,从而为蛋白质水解物在食品中的应用提供理论研究参考。