鼠李糖脂对肉鸡腿肌肉品质、常规化学成分和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加鼠李糖脂（Rhamnolipid）对肉鸡腿肌肉品质、常规化学成分和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加（AA）公肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只,空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂基础饲粮中添加75 mg/kg金霉素,试验组饲喂基础饲粮中分别添加250、500、1000 mg/kg鼠李糖脂的试验饲粮,试验为期42 d。与空白对照组相比,日粮中添加250、500、1 000 mg/kg鼠李糖脂和抗生素提高了肉鸡腿肌重和腿肌GPx活性,增加了腿肌24 h的pH值,降低了腿肌24 h和48 h滴水损失和蒸煮损失,减少了腿肌MDA含量,上调了腿肌SOD1和GPx的基因表达水平（P＜0.05）;此外,日粮中添加250、500、1 000 mg/kg鼠李糖脂降低了肉鸡腿肌24 h亮度值（P＜0.05）;日粮中添加500、1 000 mg/kg鼠李糖脂提高了肉鸡腿肌45 min的pH值和粗脂肪含量,增加了腿肌T-SOD活性,上调了腿肌Nrf2和HO-1的基因表达水平（P＜0.05）;日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg鼠李糖脂上调了肉鸡腿肌SOD2的基因表达水平（P＜0.05）。鼠李糖脂组和抗生素组肉鸡腿肌重和腿肌肉品质、常规化学成分、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化相关基因表达水平均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,鼠李糖脂可作为抗生素替代品添加于肉鸡饲料中,提高肉鸡腿肌重,改善腿肌肉品质,增加腿肌粗脂肪含量,提高腿肌Nrf2信号通路相关抗氧化基因表达水平,提高腿肌抗氧化能力。     

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents body fat accumulation and weight gain in an animal model

ABSTRACT:  Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to reduce body fat and increase lean body mass in mice, rats, and pigs. A recent human trial indicated that CLA may work more effectively if used for prevention of body fat deposition and weight gain. To test this hypothesis, we conducted 2 experiments using relatively old mice (older than 6 mo): experiment 1, supplementation of CLA during dietary restriction and experiment 2, supplementation during ad libitum feeding followed by restriction. In experiment 1, there were significant effects of diet restriction and CLA supplementation on body composition, while CLA decreased body fat content in ad libitum diet but not significantly during diet restriction. In experiment 2, CLA fed animals had body weights similar to restricted animals and CLA significantly reduced body fat (significantly lower than prior to and post restriction, or pair fed). This suggests that CLA exerted modulation of body fat independent of reduced food intake. Based on these results, we concluded that CLA may be more effective at protecting against fat mass regain following weight loss than as a weight loss treatment.     

Dietary supplementation of ferulic acid and ferulic acid ethyl ester induces quinone reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in rats

Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) and ferulic acid (FA) were fed to rats to determine in vivo efficacy in elevating selected phase II enzyme activities and antioxidant capacity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed the AIN-93M control diet, or the control diet supplemented with 1% FA, 1% FAEE, or 0.1% FAEE for 2 weeks. Quinone reductase (QR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thioredoxin reductase (TxR) activities, and oxidised and reduced glutathione were determined for brain, lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon tissues. Both FA and FAEE (1%) supplementation increased QR and GST specific activities in kidney and colon tissues by 23–38% relative to the control diet. FAEE (1%) supplementation also induced QR specific activity, by 1.46- and 1.27-fold over the control diet, in intestinal and lung tissue of animals, whereas FA did not. No effect of diet was observed on liver cytochrome P450-1A1 activity. These results demonstrate that dietary FA and FAEE induce QR activity in the colon, small intestine, lung, and kidney, and improve glutathione antioxidant status in the colon and intestine. Therefore, dietary FA and FAEE may elevate defences to oxidative- and xenobiotic-induced stress in vivo.     

日粮添加沙葱及其提取物对羊肉膻味脂肪酸沉积及贮藏期肉品质的影响

目的：研究舍饲肉羊日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物对背最长肌膻味脂肪酸沉积及货架期的影响,为降低羊肉膻味、延长零售羊肉的货架期、延缓羊肉氧化提供参考。方法：选取3 月龄、体质量相近的小尾寒羊60 只,随机分为4 组,每组3 个重复,每个重复5 只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组分别在每只羊的基础日粮中添加沙葱粉、沙葱水提物和沙葱醇提物,添加剂量分别为10、3.4、2.8 g/d。实验持续75 d,其中预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。饲喂结束后,从每组每个重复中选2 只羊屠宰,取背最长肌用于膻味脂肪酸的检测,其余背最长肌样品分装于透气型聚氯乙烯包装袋中,置于冷藏柜（（4.0±0.5）℃）冷藏,在9 d 货架期内分别测定羊肉脂肪和蛋白质氧化程度、抗氧化能力、pH值、肉色、汁液损失率和微生物菌落生长。结果：1）与对照组相比,日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够高度显著抑制羊肉中3 种膻味脂肪酸的沉积（P＜0.001）。2）日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够高度显著降低背最长肌的酸价、过氧化值和挥发性盐基氮含量（P＜0.001）。3）日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著提高总抗氧化能力（P＜0.001）、总超氧化物歧化酶活力（P＜0.001）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力（P＜0.05）,极显著降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物值（P＜0.01）。4）日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够极显著降低色相角（P＜0.01）,且日粮添加沙葱水提物能够显著降低黄蓝度（P＜0.05）和汁液损失率（P＜0.05）,而添加沙葱粉仅能显著降低羊肉汁液损失率（P＜0.05）。背最长肌pH值、肉色和汁液损失率随着贮藏期的延长而呈现不同的变化。5）日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够极显著降低背最长肌中的菌落总数（P＜0.01）。结论：舍饲肉羊日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著降低背最长肌中膻味脂肪酸的沉积量,减缓羊肉脂肪和蛋白质氧化进程,提高背最长肌抗氧化能力,维持羊肉pH值和肉色,降低汁液损失率,抑制细菌生长,并改善羊肉品质。     

Albusin B modulates lipid metabolism and increases antioxidant defense in broiler chickens by a proteomic approach

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of albusin B on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense in broiler chickens by a proteomic approach. The bacteriocin, albusin B of Ruminococcus albus 7, expressed by yeast was applied in this study. Three dietary treatments, consisting of the basal diet (control), basal diet + albusin B (2.5 g kg^?1), and basal diet + nosiheptide (2.5 mg kg^?1) were randomly fed to 90 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age, respectively. After 35 days of supplementation, the growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant proteins in the jejunum and liver, intestinal protein profile, and plasma lipid profile were analyzed. RESULTS: Broilers with albusin B supplementation had greater body weight than the control broilers. Compared with the control broilers, lower triglyceride and higher high‐density lipoprotein concentration in the blood were observed in both broilers with albusin B and nosiheptide supplementation. In addition, albusin B suppressed the mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 and ATP binding cassette transporter G 5 in the jejunum. In the jejunal protein profiles, four antioxidant proteins were upregulated by albusin B and nosiheptide treatments. The jejunal antioxidant gene expression had a concordant pattern. Hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl CoA reductase, and superoxide dismutase were upregulated by albusin B supplementation. CONCLUSION: Albusin B supplementation modulated lipid metabolism and activated systemic antioxidant defense, which might partially contribute to the performance of broiler chickens. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Supplementation of the diet of dairy cows with trehalose results in milk with low lipid peroxide and high antioxidant content

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the disaccharides trehalose and cellobiose on antioxidant activity in rumen fluid, blood, and milk of dairy cows. Nine Holstein dairy cows housed in a free-stall barn were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving a different dietary treatment (a control diet, a 1% trehalose-supplemented diet, or a 1% cellobiose-supplemented diet) following a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Feed intake and milk production increased in cows receiving the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with those receiving the control and cellobiose-supplemented diets. The total protozoa numbers in the rumen fluid of cows fed trehalose- or cellobiose-supplemented diets were greater than those of the control group. The C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acid content was increased in the milk of cows fed the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with that of the control group, and the C18:3n-3 fatty acid content in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was less than that of the control group. Plasma biochemical parameters were unchanged among the different treatments. In rumen fluid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase activity were increased 2 h after feeding in cows receiving the cellobiose-supplemented diet compared with the control group, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the rumen fluid of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was decreased. In contrast, the values of these parameters measured in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet were no different from those of control cows. Dietary supplementation with trehalose did, however, bring about an improvement of the oxidative status of milk and blood in these animals compared with controls. These results provide the first evidence supporting the use of dietary disaccharides to decrease lipid peroxide levels and increase the antioxidant content of dairy cow milk. The findings suggest that disaccharides, particularly trehalose, might be useful as supplements for reducing oxidative stress and improving the quality of milk for human consumption, as well as possibly impairing the processes that give rise to lipid oxidation odor in dairy cow milk.     

石榴皮提取物改善肥胖大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的分子机制

目的:探讨高脂饮食诱发的大鼠肥胖对肝脏糖代谢的影响,揭示石榴皮提取物(EPP)改善肥胖大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的分子机制.方法:应用高脂饲料(D12451)和对照饲料(D12450H)分别饲养大鼠16周,复制肥胖动物模型.在造模的同时,灌胃大鼠3个剂量的EPP(50,100,200 mg/kg)进行干预.结果:高脂饲料喂养1...     

Effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics

The effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. Eight male and eight female Chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. The first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1 ml/kg). Duration of the experimental period was two months.

No differences were observed after oregano essential oil supplementation in final body weight (kg), body weight gain (g) and carcass yield (%). Tenderness of longissimus thoracis muscle, expressed as sarcomere length and shear force value, was not influenced by the treatment, whereas pH and colour parameters (yellowness–redness) appeared to increase (P < 0.05). Moreover, results showed that dietary incorporation of oregano essential oil exerted strong antioxidant effects retarding lipid oxidation (MDA formation) in meat during refrigerated and long-term frozen storage (P < 0.001).     

8-HYDROXY-2'DEOXYGUANOSINE LEVELS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN RAT LIVER FED WITH OLIVE AND CORN OIL DIETS: EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENATION

DNA damage and antioxidants status were determined in liver of rat fed with olive and corn oil diets with and without ascorbic acid supplementation. In order to elucidate the role of fat intake, the study included a control and hyperlipidic diet. Liver antioxidant activities were significantly influenced by dietary fat and intake levels. In general, control groups fed with corn oil diets exhibited reduced liver antioxidant (SOD, catalase, and GSH-PX) and GSH levels compared with rats fed on olive oil diets. These activities were lower in rats consuming hyperlipidic diets relative to the control groups. Ascorbic acid supplementation resulted in a slight decrease of antioxidant activities both in the control and hyperlipidic diets with the exception of GSH that showed high levels in rats fed on an olive oil diet supplemented with ascorbic acid. The results of oxidative DNA damage as measured by the induction of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) clearly confirmed that corn diet (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids) induced DNA damage in a dose- dependent manner. No induction of 8-OHdG was detected for the diet containing olive oil (monounsaturated diet). Ascorbic acid had no effect on rat fed on an olive oil diet. In contrast, for corn diets the ascorbic acid showed     

根皮苷对由高脂导致果蝇氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究根皮苷对高脂导致氧化损伤的果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响。方法:将2d龄果蝇随机分组,在高脂培养基下饲喂不同剂量(0、5、10mg/mL)的根皮苷,统计果蝇平均寿命,最高寿命及半数致死时间,分光光度计法测定25d果蝇超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并与模型组进行比较。结果:根皮苷组果蝇平均寿命、最高寿命及半数致死时间均显著高于高脂模型组,且不同剂量组之间呈现量效关系;SOD、CAT活性随根皮苷剂量升高而升高,MDA随根皮苷剂量升高而降低。结论:根皮苷对高脂膳食所导致的果蝇氧化损伤具有保护作用,能够明显延长果蝇寿命,增强SOD和CAT活性,降低MDA含量,具有抗氧化的作用。     

银杏叶及其提取物对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及血清生化指标的影响

本实验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏叶及银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract,EGB)对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡640只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,实验组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加60 g/kg的银杏叶、0.8g/kg的EGB和0.02 g/kg的杆菌肽锌,其中,银杏叶等量替代基础饲粮中的麸皮。实验期为42 d,分为两个阶段:实验前期(1~21 d)和实验后期(22~42 d)。结果表明:肉鸡饲粮中添加银杏叶、EGB和杆菌肽锌均能显著提高肉鸡21 d体重及1~42 d平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05);与对照组相比,银杏叶、EGB和杆菌肽锌能显著提高肉鸡21、42 d血清和肝脏中GSH-Px活性(P0.05);银杏叶和EGB能显著提高肉鸡21 d血清总蛋白(TP)水平(P0.05),降低肉鸡21及42 d血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCHO)水平(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加60 g/kg银杏叶和0.8 g/kg EGB可改善肉鸡生长性能,提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,降低血清TG和TCHO水平。     

胍基乙酸对育肥猪肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮添加不同浓度胍基乙酸（GAA）对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。140头健康的体重相近的育肥猪,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0（对照组）、300、500和700 mg/kg的GAA,饲养期为35天。饲养过程中记录体重和采食量,屠宰时采集背最长肌和血浆样品用于肉品质和抗氧化指标分析。日粮添加GAA对育肥猪日采食量、日增重均有提高的趋势,对料重比也有降低的趋势（P>0.05）,显著降低平均背膘厚（P<0.05）;添加GAA可以显著提高育肥猪背最长肌宰后45 min的pH值,降低滴水损失、蒸煮损失和剪切力值（P<0.05）,对肉色影响不显著（P>0.05）;添加GAA显著提高血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力,降低丙二醛含量（P<0.05）;添加GAA显著提高背最长肌中超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力,降低丙二醛和羰基含量（P<0.05）。育肥猪日粮中添加GAA可以改善背最长肌肉品质,增强机体的抗氧化能力。     

Estimation of metabolisable energy content of date pit and its effect on lipid and protein oxidation in broiler chicks

BACKGROUND: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate date pit as a feed ingredient in broiler chick diets. In the first experiment, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of date pit was determined using 72 Ross (308) broiler chicks. Broiler chicks received experimental diets from 25 to 30 days of age. Two diets were fed: diet 1, basal diet and diet 2, 60% basal diet + 40% date pit. Date pit ileal AME_n was estimated to be 704 kcal kg^?1. The second study was conducted to evaluate the AME_n value obtained and also the effectiveness of using a commercial multi‐enzyme in diets containing date pit. Diets with three levels of date pit (10, 20 and 30% date pit) with or without enzyme supplementation were fed to broiler chicks from day old to 42 days of age. RESULTS: Chicks receiving different levels of dietary date pit had comparable body weight to those fed on corn–soybean meal diet. Both date pit levels and enzyme supplementation had a significant effect on feed conversion ratio. Plasma total antioxidant levels of positive control were significantly lower than the experimental diets. CONCLUSION: Results obtained in our study suggested that date pit could be used as a feed ingredient in the diet of broiler chicks without any negative effect on performance. Furthermore, date pit may have beneficial effects on plasma antioxidant status in broiler chicks. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of dietary supplementation with dextrin or oligofructose on the hepatic redox balance in rats

We assessed the impact of oligofructose (OFS) and dextrin (DEX) as diet supplements on hepatic redox state. Rats were fed either a 10% OFS or a 10% DEX supplemented diet for 9 wk. In the DEX diet group, the levels of hepatic protein carbonylation were decreased by 63%. Total glutathione and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were reduced in the OFS and DEX diet groups by around 20%. DEX supplementation significantly reduced oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels resulting in a 33% increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio. The activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes was not changed by either OFS or DEX supplementation. OFS supplementation caused a decrease in serum levels of triglycerides (36%), cholesterol (24%), HDL (16%) and LDL (17%). DEX supplementation only reduced triglycerides (32%) and urea (22%). Both diets increased serum levels of acetate by fivefold and propionate by twofold, but DEX diet decreased butyrate levels by 75%. Due to their different composition/structure these two dietary fibers affected metabolism in different ways. Diet supplementation with 10% DEX can potentially improve host health, by protecting the liver from protein carbonylation and by improving GSH/GSSG ratio and diet supplementation with 10% OFS can improve the lipid profile.     

膳食干预联合运动对超重肥胖大学生身体机能与素质的影响评价研究

分析膳食干预联合运动在超重肥胖大学生健康管理中的运用。选择107例接受干预的超重肥胖大学生为研究对象,分成对照组与联合组,分别实施常规干预、膳食联合运动干预。联合组干预后肥胖相关指标、身体机能与素质指标、脂代谢指标及依从性均优于对照组（P<0.05）。膳食干预联合运动方法的应用,可有效改善超重肥胖大学生的身体机能,提高其身体素质,为其健康管理提供良好支持。     

Effect of flavonol glycoside in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf on glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in liver in diet‐induced obese mice

BACKGROUND: Mulberry therapies on type 2 diabetic patients or streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats have been reported to improve fasting blood glucose levels. We investigated the effects of dietary consumption of mulberry‐leaf powder and purified quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside), the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, on glucose and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to three groups (control, mulberry leaf powder (MLP), and quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside) (Q3MG)) and treated with their respective diets for 8 weeks. RESULTS: We found that dietary supplementation of 10 g MLP kg^?1 or 1 g Q3MG kg^?1 in high‐fat diet effectively suppressed blood glucose levels. We also noted increased expression of glycolysis‐related genes and suppression of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations in the liver of Q3MG group compared to control mice. CONCLUSION: Dietary consumption of Q3MG, the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, improved hyperglycemia in obese mice and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of Pecorino cheese made from the raw milk of ewes fed Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves

The aim of this work was to study the effect of rosemary leaf dietary supplementation on the antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of Pecorino cheese. Three hundred and twenty‐four sheep were randomly assigned to two dietary groups, which received a standard diet based on lucerne hay and concentrate (400 g per day). The concentrate of the rosemary supplemented group contained 2.50% dried rosemary leaves. The trial lasted 7 weeks. Cheesemaking was performed 3, 5 and 7 weeks from the start of the trial. The Pecorino cheese antioxidant activity was modified by the diet. Rosemary supplementation increased the total phenolic content, enhanced the antioxidant properties and decreased the lipid oxidation of cheese. A slight decrease in flavour was detected in cheeses after 7 weeks of rosemary administration.     

Supplementation effects of pomegranate by-products on oxidative status,metabolic profile,and performance in transition dairy cows

Recent studies demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity for pomegranate components due to their rich bioactive compounds, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolics. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to assess whether pomegranate seed or pomegranate seed pulp (peel + seed) supplementation could be effective to improve antioxidant status, and hence metabolic profile and performance in periparturient dairy cows. After a 1-wk pretreatment period, Holstein cows (primiparous n = 12, multiparous n = 18) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments from 25 d before expected calving through 25 d postcalving. The dietary treatments included (1) control (CON); (2) diet supplemented with pomegranate seeds (PS; 400 g/cow per day); and (3) diet supplemented with pomegranate seed pulp (PSP; 400 g of seeds/cow per day + 1200 g of peels/cow per day). Compared with CON, supplementation with either PS or PSP had no effects on dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and aspartate amino transferase, but enhanced plasma total antioxidant activity, and lowered triacylglycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate at both pre- and postpartum periods. Plasma concentration of glucose, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were not affected by dietary treatments at prepartum, whereas SOD activity increased and glucose, albumin, MDA, and FFA-to-albumin ratio decreased by feeding both by-products at postpartum period. In contrast to PS, supplementing PSP resulted in a greater decrease in plasma glucose and triacylglycerol concentration and higher increase in SOD activity. Energy- and fat-corrected milk yields were higher in cows fed PSP diet compared with those fed CON or PS diets, but content of milk fat, protein, and lactose were similar across the dietary treatments. These findings indicated that dietary pomegranate by-products supplementation, in particular PSP, could improve antioxidant status, which was associated with a decline in lipid oxidation (FFA and β-hydroxybutyrate) and peroxidation (MDA) and an enhancement in glucose utilization as well as fat-corrected milk yield.     

The effects of moderately oxidised dietary oil with or without vitamin E supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence of male broilers

BACKGROUND: The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system of male broilers. RESULTS: The supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E to the grower diets did not significantly affect performance, the pH and viscosity values of excreta and nutrient digestibilities in male broilers. Oxidised oil supplementation slightly increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations but did not alter plasma glucose concentration. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide concentrations tended to be higher in the oxidised oil group, these increases were not significant. Birds fed the diet containing oxidised oil had significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, no differences were observed in glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and uric acid concentrations of broilers fed oxidised oil as compared to the control group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation decreased MDA concentration whereas increasing SOD activity, suggesting that vitamin E supplementation reduced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a milder oxidative stress occurred by supplementation of moderately oxidised oil to the diet of broilers and vitamin E supplementation had been helpful in alleviating lipid peroxidation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Dietary influences on nonexercise physical activity and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice

It is well established that the lack of physical activity can lead to weight gain or obesity. However, there is limited information on influences of diet components on physical activity. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of major dietary components on energy expenditure by affecting nonexercise physical activity in C57BL/6J mice. All mice were assigned to 1 of the following 4 dietary groups based on their body weight and baseline physical activity; low fat/normal protein, high fat/normal protein, low fat/low protein, or low fat/high protein. After 3 mo, the highest weight gain was observed in animals fed with high-fat/normal-protein diet, and the caloric intake was significantly lower in low-fat/high-protein diet-fed mice compared to other groups. However, there were no significant changes in nonexercise physical activity during experimental periods in all groups. The respiratory quotient and energy expenditure were not significantly different among the dietary groups. These findings suggest that diet-induced obesity is not explainable by levels of physical activity and energy expenditure. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The understanding the link between diet and nonexercise physical activity would provide important knowledge that will potentially assist appropriate food choices to control obesity and its related health problems.