纳米技术在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展

食品安全是当今全世界共同关注的重大问题,也是各国政府、相关国际组织、学术机构研究的热点。灵敏、快速、安全、经济是当前制约食品安全检测的瓶颈,结合现代科技最新成果之一的纳米技术及纳米材料,将是食品安全检测发展的重要途径。本文综述了纳米技术及其材料技术在食品安全检测中的研究和应用,并对该领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

State of the art of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food: A tool for nutraceuticals addition to foodstuff

Therapeutic foodstuff are a challenge for the use of food and functional food ingredients in the therapy of different pathologies. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) are a mixture of nutrients designed and primarily addressed to the therapy of the severe acute malnutrition. The main ingredients of the formulation are powdered milk, peanuts butter, vegetal oil, sugar, and a mix of vitamins, salts, and minerals. The potential of this food are the low percentage of free water and the high energy and nutritional density. The high cost of the powdered milk, and the food safety problems connected to the onset of toxigenic moulds on the peanuts butter, slowed down considerably the widespread and homogenous diffusion of this product. This paper presents the state of the art of RUTF, reviews the different proposed recipes, suggests some possible new formulations as an alternative of novel recipes for this promising food.     

现代食品工业高新技术在肉味香精中的应用

介绍了肉味香精的概念和发展状况，对现代食品工业高新技术在肉味香精中的应用作出了较为全面的阐述。     

泰州市肉类食品安全现状与对策

通过对泰州市肉类食品安全现状的调查，摸清了泰州市肉及肉制品生产、加工、经营企业的基本情况和产品质量安全状况，掌握了肉及肉制品安全监管现状，找出了当前在肉食品生产、加工、流通及消费环节中存在的安全隐患，提出了合理化的对策和建议。     

The future of meat: A qualitative analysis of cultured meat media coverage

This study sought to explore the informational themes and information sources cited by the media to cover stories of cultured meat in both the United States and the European Union. The results indicated that cultured meat news articles in both the United States and the European Union commonly discuss cultured meat in terms of benefits, history, process, time, livestock production problems, and skepticism. Additionally, the information sources commonly cited in the articles included cultured meat researchers, sources from academia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), New Harvest, Winston Churchill, restaurant owners/chefs, and sources from the opposing countries (e.g. US use some EU sources and vice versa). The implications of this study will allow meat scientists to understand how the media is influencing consumers' perceptions about the topic, and also allow them to strategize how to shape future communication about cultured meat.     

Microbes versus microbes: control of pathogens in the food chain

Foodborne illness continues as a considerable threat to public health. Despite improved hygiene management systems and increased regulation, pathogenic bacteria still contaminate food, causing sporadic cases of illness and disease outbreaks worldwide. For many centuries, microbial antagonism has been used in food processing to improve food safety. An understanding of the mode of action of this microbial antagonism has been gained in recent years and potential applications in food and feed safety are now being explored. This review focuses on the potential opportunities presented, and the limitations, of using microbial antagonism as a biocontrol mechanism to reduce contamination along the food chain; including animal feed as its first link. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Consumer trust in the dairy value chain in China: The role of trustworthiness,the melamine scandal,and the media

This study provides a deep insight into Chinese consumer trust in the Chinese dairy value chain, as a lack of trust due to the 2008 melamine scandal has been widely recognized as a barrier to the development of the domestic dairy industry in China. Based on face-to-face interviews with 954 Chinese consumers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shijiazhuang, this study measured consumer trust in farmers, manufacturers, retailers, the government, and third parties. Consumer trust was studied by measuring the effect of beliefs on the trustworthiness of actors (i.e., competence, benevolence, integrity, credibility, and openness), and current experiences regarding the melamine scandal and the media. The results showed that the level of trust in dairy chain actors varied. The government and third parties were relatively highly trusted, whereas retailers were considered less trustworthy. The importance of consumer beliefs about trustworthiness are different among actors. Consumer belief of competence determines trust in farmers and manufacturers. For retailers, the government, and third parties, respectively, benevolence, credibility, and openness are the most important factors. Trust in dairy chain actors is still strongly negatively affected by current experiences regarding the melamine scandal, even though it occurred more than 10 years ago. Using social media to directly provide more information and establish continuous daily communication with consumers could help manufacturers and third parties to strengthen consumer trust.     

一氧化碳在鲜肉护色中的应用及安全性评价

讨论了一氧化碳对鲜肉色泽及腐败菌与致病菌的影响,概述了其在鲜肉护色中的应用方式,分析了一氧化碳在鲜肉护色中应用的安全性及应用前景。     

Detection of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone in radiation-sterilized chicken meat stored for several years

Results are presented indicating a linear relationship between irradiation dose (10–60 kGy) and the quantity of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone produced in irradiated frozen (-46°C) chicken meat. 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone was found in chicken meat sterilized (at -40°C) by gamma and electron beam irradiation 12 years previously and used for toxicity clearance. After freeze-drying the irradiated chicken samples still contained 2-dodecylcyclobutanone indicating that it was present in the diets tested. The compound was not detected in chicken meat sterilized by thermal processing 13 years ago. In addition, there was evidence that 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone was also present in the irradiation sterilized samples.     

Improving food safety within the dairy chain: an application of conjoint analysis

This study determined the relative importance of attributes of food safety improvement in the production chain of fluid pasteurized milk. The chain was divided into 4 blocks: "feed" (compound feed production and its transport), "farm" (dairy farm), "dairy processing" (transport and processing of raw milk, delivery of pasteurized milk), and "consumer" (retailer/catering establishment and pasteurized milk consumption). The concept of food safety improvement focused on 2 main groups of hazards: chemical (antibiotics and dioxin) and microbiological (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus). Adaptive conjoint analysis was used to investigate food safety experts' perceptions of the attributes' importance. Preference data from individual experts (n = 24) on 101 attributes along the chain were collected in a computer-interactive mode. Experts perceived the attributes from the "feed" and "farm" blocks as being more vital for controlling the chemical hazards; whereas the attributes from the "farm" and "dairy processing" were considered more vital for controlling the microbiological hazards. For the chemical hazards, "identification of treated cows" and "quality assurance system of compound feed manufacturers" were considered the most important attributes. For the microbiological hazards, these were "manure supply source" and "action in salmonellosis and M. paratuberculosis cases". The rather high importance of attributes relating to quality assurance and traceability systems of the chain participants indicates that participants look for food safety assurance from the preceding participants. This information has substantial decision-making implications for private businesses along the chain and for the government regarding the food safety improvement of fluid pasteurized milk.     

Nanobiotechnology perspectives. Role of nanotechnology in the food industry: a review

Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for the food sector. Promising results and applications are already being developed in the areas of nutrient delivery systems through bioactive nanoencapsulation, biosensors to detect and quantify pathogens organic compounds, other chemicals and food composition alteration, and even edible film to preserve fruit or vegetables. This article reviews the application and the benefits of nanotechnology in different areas of food industry that include bioactive nanoencapsulation, edible thin film, packages and nanosensors. It is possible to conclude from the review that the nanotechnology advances increase the safety and quality of food and mainly decrease the time for pathogen detection.     

食品安全监督理论应用新进展

食品安全监督的新理论,包括HACCP管理体系、食品卫生监督量化分级管理和LISA方法概念,是食品安全危险性管理的重要内容,从加强和规范食品安全管理以及与国际接轨的角度,运用危险性分析手段,制定食品安全性危险管理措施有重要意义。     

Optimisation of a new two‐plate screening method for the detection of antibiotic residues in meat

A two‐plate microbiological method to screen residues of the most commonly used antibiotics in animal production, named new two‐plate test (NTPT), has been optimised and validated, according to criteria derived from the European Commission Decision 2002/657/CE. This screening method used two media at different pH seeded with a single bacteria strain (Bacillus subtilis). The method consists of a simple extraction, followed by the application of the extract on Petri plates. The method detected, in pork and chicken muscles, most of the antibiotics from six groups (tetracyclines, (fluoro)quinolones, penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides) and florfenicol at concentration very close to maximum residue limits used in the EU. The screening capacity of the NTPT was compared with another screening technique, the Premi‐Test^®, by analysing spiked samples as well as real samples of meat from pork and chicken sold for local consumption, in the Red River Delta region (Vietnam). The NTPT described here appeared to detect more samples than the Premi‐Test^®, showing its interest for Vietnamese control laboratories, as a screening method to monitor antibiotic residues in chicken and pork meat, before sending the suspected samples to the confirmatory step.     

Determination of ractopamine residue in tissues and urine from pig fed meat and bone meal

In many countries, ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) is allowed to be used in animal production as a β-agonist, which is an energy repartitioning agent able to offer economic benefits such as increased muscle and decreased fat deposition, feed conversion improvement and an increase in average daily weight gain. However, some countries have banned its use and established strict traceability programmes because of pharmacological implications of β-agonist residues in meat products. In Brazil, commercial RAC is controlled (5–20 mg kg^?1) and only added to pig diet during the last 28 days before slaughter. However, the control is more difficult when co-products, like meat and bone meal (MBM), which can be produced from RAC treated animals, are part of the feed composition. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of RAC residue concentrations in urine and tissues of gilts (n = 40) in four dietary groups: 0%, 7%, 14% and 21% (w/w) of MBM-containing RAC (53.5 µg kg^?1). The concentration of RAC residues in MBM, pig tissues and urine was determined by LC–MS. Low RAC concentrations were detected in muscle, kidney, liver and lungs (limit of detection = 0.15, 0.5, 0.5 and 1.0 µg kg^?1, respectively); however, no RAC residues were quantified above the limit of quantification (0.5, 2.5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg kg^?1, respectively). In urine, the RAC concentration remained below 1.35 µg L^?1. These data suggest that MBM (containing 53.5 µg kg^?1 RAC) added to diet up to 21% (w/w) could hamper the trade where RAC is restricted or has zero-tolerance policy.     

A 100-Year Review: Microbiology and safety of milk handling

Microbes that may be present in milk can include pathogens, spoilage organisms, organisms that may be conditionally beneficial (e.g., lactic acid bacteria), and those that have not been linked to either beneficial or detrimental effects on product quality or human health. Although milk can contain a full range of organisms classified as microbes (i.e., bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans), with few exceptions (e.g., phages that affect fermentations, fungal spoilage organisms, and, to a lesser extent, the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia) dairy microbiology to date has focused predominantly on bacteria. Between 1917 and 2017, our understanding of the microbes present in milk and the tools available for studying those microbes have changed dramatically. Improved microbiological tools have enabled enhanced detection of known microbes in milk and dairy products and have facilitated better identification of pathogens and spoilage organisms that were not known or well recognized in the early 20th century. Starting before 1917, gradual introduction and refinement of pasteurization methods throughout the United States and many other parts of the world have improved the safety and quality of milk and dairy products. In parallel to pasteurization, others strategies for reducing microbial contamination throughout the dairy chain (e.g., improved dairy herd health, raw milk tests, clean-in-place technologies) also played an important role in improving microbial milk quality and safety. Despite tremendous advances in reducing microbial food safety hazards and spoilage issues, the dairy industry still faces important challenges, including but not limited to the need for improved science-based strategies for safety of raw milk cheeses, control of postprocessing contamination, and control of sporeforming pathogens and spoilage organisms.     

基于物联网的冷链食品安全监控系统的设计与实施

为实现冷链食品的安全管理与预警,设计了基于物联网技术的冷链食品安全监控系统.该系统通过传感器、射频识别、全球定位系统等物联网技术,实现冷链食品信息的自动采集、传输和处理,从而实现冷链食品的安全监控及预警管理.鉴于该系统的推广还面临许多问题,应加快物联网标准体系建设,加快RFID及传感器等关键技术的开发研究,形成具有自主知识产权的物联网技术核心,高度重视物联网发展带来的安全问题,积极引导行业示范应用,以推动基于物联网技术的食品安全监控系统的快速发展.     

罗定市食品安全抽样调查报告

以罗定市食品生产企业和小作坊作为本次调查对象,分析2010两个季度监督抽检结果数据.结果显示:罗定市的食品生产状况整体良好,监管部门的监管是有效的,存在生产企业专业技术人员数偏低,应对能力差等问题,提出了厂家、监管部门和消费者的共同努力解决问题.     

我国食品供应链的安全管理策略研究

针对事关社会稳定和公众健康的食品安全问题,结合食品供应链的内涵和特性介绍了食品供应链,分析了我国食品供应链存在监管不到位、源头安全隐患大、食品生产企业内控不严、流通环节安全控制薄弱和侧重事后处理等问题,并针对性地提出了创新政府监管策略、强化事前和事中控制、引入生产者责任延伸、加大食品检测力度、构筑全程安全保障体系和加强食品安全应急预警等建议。     

Carbon dots: Principles and their applications in food quality and safety detection

ABSTRACT

In the past ten years, as a novel and prospective nanomaterials, carbon dots have acquired tremendous attention for their unique optical and physicochemical properties, high compatibility and low cost, as well as great potential in sensing area. This review aims to present the current detecting principles based on carbon dots and other nano biological technologies, involving fluorescence quenching and recovery mechanisms. The synthetic and modificatory approaches in making carbon dots including top-down and bottom-up methods, as well as surface passivation and heteroatom doping ways are introduced. Their applications in food area, concerning detection of nutrients, restricted or banned substances as well as foodborne pathogenic bacteria and the toxins secreted are discussed. Finally, the difficulties to be overcome or problems to be solved are presented, and other novel techniques to combine with carbon dots to obtain more stable and specific nanosensors in various fields are proposed. Although carbon dots based sensors have shown the potential in sensing aspect of food area, as food samples are complex in compositions that may cause interferences, more novel techniques are needed to combine with carbon dots to develop sensitive and specific sensing probes.