一种基于核回归插值的自适应非均匀性校正算法

针对基于神经网络的场景自适应非均匀性校正(Non-Uniformity Correction, NUC)算法在消除红外成像系统输出图像噪声时容易产生的“鬼影”现象,提出了一种改进的自适应非均匀性校正算法,将核回归插值技术应用到神经网络算法中,有效降低了自适应非均匀性算法产生“鬼影”现象的概率。实验结果表明,与传统的神经网络算法相比,本文算法在相同条件下既能有效消除非均匀噪声,又能大大抑制“鬼影”现象的产生。     

改进的神经网络非均匀性校正方法

红外图像的非均匀性是制约红外成像系统成像质量的限制性因素,非均匀性校正是红外成像领域中的核心技术。改进了传统的神经网络非均匀性校正方法,在探测元的期望输出中加入图像均值分量,使该算法对空间相关性较强的低频非均匀性成分也具有较强的校正能力。在以TMS320C62x DSP为核心的硬件平台上,采用中波凝视红外探测器,图像帧频为50 Hz,并在实验室及室外环境分别对该算法进行了测试,非均匀性从最初的5％左右降至2‰以下,验证了改进后的算法具有校正精度高、实用性强等优点,能够满足实际应用的需要。该算法也可应用于红外成像的应用领域。     

基于图像梯度的神经网络红外焦平面非均匀校正算法

红外焦平面阵列固有的非均匀性导致叠加在图像上的固定图形噪声严重影响了红外系统的成像质量。传统的神经网络非均匀校正算法存在待处理像素的期望值求解固有缺陷、收敛速度慢和学习速度过大,容易造成算法不收敛。提出了基于图像梯度的神经网络非均匀校正算法,通过对处理像素的期望值求解、改进和调整学习速度、改善图像校正效果,提高了算法收敛速度。通过对真实的红外图像序列实验表明,新算法相对传统的神经网络算法收敛速度提高了50%以上,红外图像校正效果也得到了提高。     

基于FPGA的红外图像非均匀校正实现方法

针对某国产探测器成像特点,对传统两点校正和神经网络非均匀性校正算法进行了改进和定点化处理。对算法实现时的存储和数据流需求进行分析后,利用存储控制器对DDR2高速读写的优势,在以FPGA为核心的红外成像装置预处理平台上实现了校正系数的在线标定和自适应迭代。在系数更新时,引入运动判断环节,以防止神经网络校正算法带来的目标退化和鬼影现象。成像系统仅采用一片FPGA芯片,使得系统小型化成为可能,充足的资源余量使其具有功能可扩充性。实验证明该实现方法明显改善了红外成像装置的非均匀性,在抑制时间漂移上也取得了满意的效果。     

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性研究

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性校正是凝视型红外成像系统中必不可少的一部分。文中从光电成像原理角度出发,深层分析了非均匀性的产生机理;针对传统神经网络校正算法存在的缺陷,从理想期望输出、误差函数和迭代步长三个方面进行了改进;并通过实验仿真对改进算法进行了验证,结果表明改进算法的校正效果较传统算法有明显的提高。     

一种改进的基于神经网络的红外非均匀校正算法

目前针对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)传统神经网络非均匀校正算法目标退化和收敛速度慢等问题,在综合分析传统神经网路相结合算法及基础上,提出了一种改进的基于神经网络的非均匀性自适应校正算法。该算法采用一点定标与神经网络相结合的方法,并对相应数据进行归一化以实现边缘清晰和收敛速度快等目的。仿真实验以及针对实际红外图像的实验结果表明,提出的方法是合理有效的。     

红外焦平面非均匀性自适应校正算法实时实现

由于材料、工艺等原因,红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)各单元普遍存在响应不一致的现象,从而导致IRFPA都存在非均匀性.非均匀性校正(NUC)是红外图像处理系统中的重要环节.文章在研究了基于神经网络的NUC算法的基础上,提出了一种采用DSP与FPGA相结合实现基于神经网络的非均匀性自适应校正算法实时实现硬件方法,在该方法中利用FPGA并行处理能力强的特点,对焦平面阵列进行非均匀性校正,而DSP的计算能力强,完成校正系数的自适应更新.将该方法应用于128×128红外成像系统中,可使系统长期稳定地工作,克服了校正参数的漂移问题.     

红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的改进神经网络算法

非均匀性校正是红外焦平面阵列应用中的关键技术之一。神经网络算法是比较传统的非均匀性校正算法,由于该算法采用像元四邻域的平均值作为此像元的真值,所以这种估计方法具有较大的误差。在传统的神经网络算法基础上对焦平面阵列像元响应的真值估计进行了改进:基于图像匹配算法,采用了相邻多帧图像中不同像元对同一场景点的响应的均值作为真值,因而具有更高的准确性。对比仿真试验的结果表明,该改进算法比传统的神经网络算法具有更好的效果,在有效去除各种非均匀性的同时,保持了图像细节,改善了图像的视觉效果。     

基于神经网络的红外焦平面非均匀性自适应校正算法

由于材料、工艺等原因,红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)各单元普遍存在响应不一致的现象,从而导致IRFPA都存在非均匀性.非均匀性校正(NUC)是红外图像处理系统中的重要环节.本文在研究了传统的基于神经网络的NUC算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的基于神经网络的非均匀性自适应校正算法,并对比了传统的基于神经网络的算法和本文算法的校正效果和收敛速度,实验表明本文提出的算法校正效果好,收敛速度快.     

基于中值滤波的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性神经网络校正

统的神经网络校正算法存在收敛速度慢和校正精度低的缺点。当背景噪声较大时,它更难以获得令人满意的校正效果。 针对其不足之处, 提出一种基于中值滤波的红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)非均匀性神经网络校正算法。该算法首先利用中值滤波对强噪声进行预处理,在此基础上 采用改进的神经网络校正算法对IRFPA非均匀性进行自适应校正。实验结果表明,该算法与传统的神经网络方法相比具有收敛速度快和校正精 度高等特点,并且使图像的峰值信噪比至少提高了10dB。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.