PET膜用UV固化涂料的配制及涂层性能研究

以聚氨酯甲基丙烯酸酯(PUA)为主体,进行了PET膜用UV固化涂料配制及涂层性能研究。对PUA低聚物进行了筛选,探讨了低聚物结构对涂层附着力、硬度、柔韧性等性能的影响,以及活性稀释剂、光引发剂的种类、配比、用量等因素对涂层性能的影响。获得了较适宜的PET膜用UV固化涂料配方:低聚物采用5#树脂,其用量为总量的48.0%;活性稀释剂组成为m(TMPTA)∶m(TPGDA)=1∶1,其用量为总量的48.0%;光引发剂组成为m(Darocur1173)∶m(Irgacure 184)=2∶1,其用量为总量的3.2%。经测试,制得的涂膜附着力达100%,硬度3H,柔韧性2 mm,耐酒精擦拭大于150次,可满足PET保护膜硬化处理应用要求。     

UV固化超支化聚酯丙烯酸酯的合成及其固化性能

以季戊四醇、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、丁二酸酐和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料,合成一种新型UV固化超支化聚酯丙烯酸酯(HPA)。通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱表征了其结构;测试了相对分子质量及其分布和黏度;并考察了其紫外光固化性能。结果表明:在反应时间6 h、反应温度90 ℃、n[HP-(COOH)₈]∶n(HEMA)=1∶8时合成的HPA,当用4.5%的光引发剂1173引发固化时,UV辐照能量最小,为600 J/m ²,且固化速度比市售低聚物RJ544组成的相似体系快5倍,其双键的转化率可达89.8%。在制备的HPA经UV固化后,涂膜的铅笔硬度为2H,附着力为1级,柔韧性为0.5 mm。     

UV固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯涂料的合成及性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、新戊二醇(NPG)和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)等为主要原料,采用溶液聚合法合成了PUA(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)低聚物;然后以此为基体树脂,通过探讨低聚物、活性稀释剂、光引发剂和助剂含量等对涂膜性能的影响,优选出制备UV(紫外光)固化PUA涂料的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:当w(PUA低聚物)=57%、w(活性稀释剂)=35%和w(光引发剂)=6%(均相对于涂料质量而言)时,该涂料具有相对较好的综合性能,其UV辐照50 s后即可固化,相应胶膜的硬度为3H、柔韧性为3 mm、附着力为1级且具有较高的耐热性。     

UV固化无溶剂型耐高温丙烯酸酯压敏胶的研制及性能研究

以2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯(2-EHA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为原料,2′-羟基-4′,5′-二甲基乙酰苯(HP-8)为光引发剂,通过紫外光引发聚合的方法制备出一系列丙烯酸酯预聚物,并通过UV-DSC和RT-FTIR,探究较佳光聚合体系。以上述丙烯酸酯预聚物为基体,通过加入不同含量的交联剂,制备出一系列半互穿网络结构的UV固化丙烯酸酯压敏胶(PSA),系统地研究了UV辐射能和乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(ETPTA)含量对UV固化丙烯酸酯PSA的凝胶含量、粘接性能和黏弹性性能影响规律。研究结果表明:较佳光引发剂含量为0.5%,较佳UV辐射能为600 mJ/cm2,且当以PI-0.50为预聚物体系时,UV固化丙烯酸酯PSA的综合性能优异。此外,当ETPTA添加量为6%时,UV固化丙烯酸酯PSA的剪切破坏温度高达200℃。     

聚氨酯丙烯酸酯UV固化涂料的制备及性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯三醇和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为主要单体,1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)为活性稀释剂,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)为催化剂,合成了UV固化涂料制备用聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)低聚物。研究结果表明:当n(TDI)∶n(聚氧化丙烯三醇)∶n(HEMA)=3.08∶1∶3时,PUA低聚物的Mr(相对分子质量)比较理想;当固化时间为4 min、w(PUA低聚物)=87%、w(光引发剂Irgacure184)=5%、w(HDDA)=4%和w(其他助剂)=3%(均相对于总物料质量而言)时,UV固化涂料的综合性能相对最好,其胶膜硬度为2H、附着力为1级、耐酸碱性大于72 h和Tg(玻璃化转变温度)为38.9℃。     

FPC保护膜用耐高温PSA胶带的研制

以丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEA)、丙烯酸(AA)和醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为共聚单体,以环氧系列交联剂(E-5C)和苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯交联剂(XDI)为复合交联剂,以偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)为增塑剂,采用溶液共聚法制备溶剂型丙烯酸酯压敏胶(PSA);然后通过后期交联和增塑改性,制成柔性印刷电路板(FPC)保护膜用耐高温耐酸碱型PSA胶带。研究结果表明:当m(丙烯酸酯共聚溶液)∶m(E-5C)∶m(XDI)∶m(TOTM)=100∶15∶1.5∶3和干胶厚度为8～10μm时,相应PSA胶带的综合性能良好,其初始黏合力适中、耐高温性能和耐酸碱性能优异,并且其中试产品完全满足FPC加工过程的应用要求。     

可生物降解性UV固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物的合成

以IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、PCLD(聚己内酯二元醇)、HEA(丙烯酸羟乙酯)为原料,DBTDL(二月桂酸二丁基锡)为催化剂,经两步反应合成了一系列可生物降解UV固化PUA(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)预聚物,着重探讨了反应物料比、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素,最终确定了制备PUA低聚物的最佳条件。并以合成的PUA为预聚物,制备了可生物降解的UV固化胶粘剂。考察了光引发剂的种类和用量、活性单体的种类及用量对固化程度、粘接强度等性能的影响。研究结果表明:当w(引发剂)=4%(相对PUA质量而言),且采用复配型光引发剂1173/TPO的引发效率和耐黄变性能较好,采用IBOMA(甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯)作为活性稀释剂,胶粘剂的综合性能最优。     

影响UV固化聚酯型水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯涂层性能的因素

选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲摹丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)等为原料,采用阴离子自乳化法制备了紫外光(UV)固化聚酯型水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯预聚体,并配以光引发剂,其涂层经紫外光固化.讨论了光引发剂和n(-NCO):n(-OH)对涂层性能的影响.研究结果表明,复配光引发剂种类及比例为m(光引发剂B):m(光引发剂c)=1:1,用量为HEMA质量分数的10%时,涂层性能最好.     

紫外光固松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯涂膜性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、自制松节油聚酯多元醇、丙烯酸羟丙酯等为原料,制备了可紫外光固松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(TPUA),再与光引发剂、活性稀释剂配制成可UV固化涂料。通过凝胶率、硬度,附着力及力学性能测试和热重分析研究了光引发剂、活性稀释剂的种类、用量及配比对涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,光引发剂ITX与1173复配,m(ITX)∶m(1173)=1∶0.5,用量为6%;二官能团的活性稀释剂EB154和三官能团的TMPTA复配,m(EB154)∶m(TMPTA)=3∶1,用量为64%时,涂膜的铅笔硬度达到4H,附着力0级,拉伸强度13.3MPa,断裂伸长率为214.2%,涂膜还具有良好的热稳定性。     

活性稀释剂对UV固化水性PUA性能的影响

以聚醚二元醇(NJ-220)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)为单体,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为封端剂和三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂,制备了UV(紫外光)固化WPUA(水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯)预聚体;然后以WPUA预聚体、光引发剂(1173)和不同质量比的活性稀释剂[丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)]为主要原料,制备出一系列UV-WPUA(UV固化WPUA)及其胶膜。研究结果表明:当m(BA+TPGDA)=2.687 g、m(预聚体)=6.000 g、m(1173)=0.269 g和m(BA)∶m(TPGDA)=5∶5时,相应UV-WPUA胶膜的综合性能相对最好,其表面平整、致密,并且其热性能、耐溶剂性、耐水性和力学性能俱佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。