家具封边用聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂研制

为适应家具封边的需要,采用自制二元醇、扩链剂和二异氰酸酯及其他助剂合成了聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂,测试了不同柔性链段、多元醇相对分子质量、扩链剂、二异氰酸酯和其他树脂对热熔胶黏剂的拉伸强度、剪切强度、定伸强度、熔融指数、施工温度的影响。当n(PES):n(MDI):n(扩链剂)=1:3:2,C5石油树脂加EVA质量占聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂质量的25%左右时,其产品性能满足了家具封边行业的要求:拉伸强度≥30MPa,75℃剪切强度≥12MPa,熔融指数(145℃、2.16kg、10min)≥0.8g/min等。     

无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶的制备及性能

以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)为单体,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为扩链剂,制备耐热性能好、粘接强度高的无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶。采用单因素试验法优选出制备聚氨酯热熔胶的最佳工艺条件,并对聚氨酯热熔胶耐热性等进行了测试。结果表明:采用两步法制备无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶的最佳工艺条件是反应温度为70℃、预聚反应时间为2 h、扩链反应时间为30 min;初始热分解温度达307.87℃。     

书刊装订联动线用反应型聚氨酯热熔胶的研制

以聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇为软段,二异氰酸酯为硬段,辅以多种添加剂,制得一种性能优异的高结晶性单组分反应型聚氨酯(PUR)热熔胶。探讨了二异氰酸酯与多元醇的组成、投料比、扩链剂和添加剂等对产品性能的影响。结果表明:选用聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)为软段、1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)为扩链剂以及4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为硬段,当R=n(-NCO):n(-OH)=(1.5～2.0):1.0、w(-NCO)=1%时,PUR热熔胶的软化点为85～95℃,开放时间为3～9 min,符合书刊装订联动线使用的技术要求,具有很好的应用前景。     

聚醚型聚氨酯性能的影响因素

采用不同种类的聚醚多元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂为原料合成聚氨酯,讨论了聚醚多元醇的相对分子质量、二异氰酸酯的结构、软硬段比例、二异氰酸酯指数、扩链剂种类及用量对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明：采用高相对分子质量的聚醚,聚氨酯的定伸强度、拉伸强度和撕裂强度下降,断裂伸长率提高;聚氨酯的性能随硬段含量的增加而提高;异氰酸酯指数控制在1.01~1.03左右;扩链剂链长越短,聚氨酯的微相分离程度和力学性能越好;聚氨酯性能随1、4-丁二醇用量的增加而提高,达到一定用量时反而下降。     

双组分遇水膨胀聚氨酯弹性体的性能研究

采用预聚物法合成遇水膨胀聚氨酯弹性体,考察了多元醇并用、硬段含量改变、扩链剂并用及配比变化等对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能与遇水膨胀性能的影响。实验发现,多元醇配比以及硬段含量对聚氨酯力学性能和亲水性能有重要影响,扩链剂种类与配比对聚氨酯吸水膨胀性能有重要影响。     

热解封反应型聚氨酯热熔胶的制备及其性能研究

以二环己基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯（HMDI）、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯（PBA）和聚四亚甲基醚二醇（PTMG）为原料合成聚氨酯预聚物,然后以丁酮肟（MEKO）为封闭剂、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为扩链剂制备了热解封反应型聚氨酯热熔胶。着重探究了预聚体的封闭、扩链和解封,以及PTMG对热熔胶结晶性能的影响,讨论了湿固化时间、—NCO含量和聚合物二元醇中PTMG物质的量分数对热熔胶拉伸剪切强度的影响。研究结果表明：热熔胶在150℃下30 min完成解封,当PTMG物质的量分数含量为10%、—NCO含量为3.33%、湿固化7 d时,拉伸剪切强度为7.90 MPa;随着PTMG物质的量分数增加,热熔胶的结晶性能逐渐降低,拉伸剪切强度减小。     

聚醚型聚氨酯的阻尼性能

采用两步法合成了一系列-NCO／-OH(摩尔比)不大于1的聚醚型聚氨酯,用动态黏弹谱仪研究了硬段类型、交联密度、硬段质量分数、软段相对分子质量、扩链剂类型和结构、填料种类等因素对其动态黏弹性能的影响。结果表明,甲苯二异氰酸酯基聚醚型聚氨酯的阻尼性能优于二苯甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯基聚醚型聚氨酯的阻尼性能,减小交联密度、增加硬段质量分数和软段相对分子质量、采用二醇类扩链荆、增加扩链剂的侧基数以及使用片状填料均可改善聚醚型聚氨酯的阻尼性能。     

水性聚氨酯亲水性扩链剂的研究进展

水性聚氨酯在涂料、医学、胶黏剂等领域都有着广泛的应用,而扩链剂是合成聚氨酯的一种关键原料。在扩链剂上引入某些特征基团就会对聚氨酯的性能产生一定的影响,亲水性扩链剂可以使水性聚氨酯具有良好的分散性或自乳化性能。羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂是目前使用较为普遍的阴离子型亲水扩链剂材料。该文简述了扩链剂的定义、作用以及亲水性扩链剂的种类,综述了羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂的研究进展,详细分析了磺酸型水性聚氨酯的高耐水性、高柔软性,高固含量等性能以及相比于羧酸型水性聚氨酯在各方面性能上的优势。文中还简述了非离子型亲水扩链剂和两性亲水扩链剂的研究进展,并就成本、合成路线及环保方面对亲水性扩链剂的发展趋势作了展望。     

IPDI基聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体性能的研究

以聚丁二酸羟基特戊酸新戊二醇单酯酯(PHPS)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和不同的二胺扩链剂采用二步法合成聚酯型聚氨酯(PU)阻尼材料,并对其阻尼性能和力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:扩链剂对聚酯型聚氨酯阻尼材料的动态力学性能影响很大,通过改变扩链剂的品种来改变聚氨酯大分子的硬段结构,最终导致硬段间相互作用的改变。降低扩链系数(α),可提高聚氨酯材料的阻尼因子(tanδ),拓宽阻尼温域。因此选择适宜的扩链剂及扩链系数对调节聚氨酯弹性体的阻尼温域具有一定的意义。     

HER扩链剂的合成及其在聚氨酯弹性体中的应用

详细介绍了一种常用的芳香族二醇扩链剂——间苯二酚双（2-羟乙基）醚（HER）的性能特点及3种主要合成方法,概述了HER在浇注型聚氨酯弹性体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、高尔夫球材、聚氨酯轮胎、熔纺氨纶、聚氨酯热熔胶等领域的应用情况。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。