基于图像运动模型的航空遥感影像快速匹配算法

随着航空遥感视频影像应用得越来越广泛,对影像的配准速度和精度的要求也越来越高.本文利用视频影像连续重叠度大的特征,对图像进行二次配准处理,利用图像的运动估计模型,经过粗匹配和精匹配两次配准实现视频序列帧间时空配准.实验结果表明,改进的算法不仅提高配准精度,同时还提高了运算速度满足对视频图像实时处理的要求.     

多重约束下由粗到精的多源图像自适应配准算法

本文提出了一种多重约束下由粗到精的多源图像自适应子像素级配准算法.该算法采用影像特征点作为匹配基元,利用具有不同精度等级的组合判据法、整体松弛法、最小二乘法实现由粗到精的匹配,同时在匹配过程中加入了多重约束,如定位点控制约束、交叉匹配约束、连续控制约束,以保证获取的配准控制点的可靠性和剔除粗差点.此外,该算法利用配准控制点自适应地构建整个图像的三角网,最后依据改进的三角形填充算法对目标图像进行逐像点纠正.对同源和非同源的遥感图像的实验证明,SPOT4全色图像(10m/pixel)和SPOT5多光谱图像(10m/pixel)的配准精度分别达到6～7m和5～6m.     

基于虚拟点的可见光和SAR图像配准研究

本文以机场场景下的可见光和SAR图像为研究对象,提出了一种基于虚拟点特征的可见光和SAR图像配准方法.该方法以虚拟点特征和控制点匹配技术为基础,处理具有全局仿射几何失真的异源图像配准问题.首先根据两类图像的特点,使用Canny算子和一种兴趣算子提取两幅图像中的共有特征一直线特征,然后在直线特征的基础上拟合虚拟点特征,采用基于特征一致的粗配准和基于虚拟点特征的精确配准相结合的方法,对两幅图像实现由粗到精的自动配准,实验结果表明,本文方法可行且能取得较高的配准精度.     

可见光和红外反相图像的SURF特征双向匹配

特征匹配的准确率影响图像配准的精度,是基于特征配准方法的重点和难点之一。为了解决单向最近邻/次近邻法所导致特征点一对多的误匹配问题,提出了一种红外和可见光图像的特征双向匹配方法。首先,对红外图像进行反相和直方图均衡化处理,增强两类图像的相似性,提取数量更多重复率高的共有特征;其次,对提取的SURF(Speed-up Robust Feature)特征进行双向最近邻/次近邻粗匹配,确保特征匹配的一致性,降低误匹配率,并利用RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)算法对特征点进行二次匹配,实现特征点精确匹配。实验结果表明,该算法在正确匹配率和配准精度方面都优于传统SURF的单向最近邻/次近邻匹配方法,具有有效性。     

良分布的多特征遥感图像自动配准算法

针对基于点特征的遥感图像自动配准算法中存在特征点分布不均匀的问题,提出了一种基于SIFT(尺度不变特征变换)、Harris-Laplace(多尺度角点)、MSER(最大稳定极值区域)特征提取算法的多特征遥感影像配准方法。通过多特征与二次匹配,极大的提高了匹配点数目;通过基于距离的筛选,保证匹配点分布均匀合理;通过局部互信息精校正,使匹配点精度更高,最终达到高质量(空间分布均衡,匹配精度高)自动配准目的。     

相似度距离耦合角度径向变换的图像配准算法

目的为了解决当前图像配准算法因利用l1距离或l2距离相似度测量手段来完成图像特征点匹配,使其忽略了相位信息,难以有效消除高斯噪声的影响,使其配准精度与效率不佳不足的问题。方法提出最优相似度距离耦合角度径向变换的抗噪图像配准算法。首先引入角度径向变换,以降低算法复杂度,快速提取图像的特征点。然后联合图像的幅度和相位信息,基于欧式距离测度,定义最优相似度距离测量模型,通过求解其全局最小值,对特征点完成匹配,提高算法的抗噪性能。最后将图像分割为内点与外点,择取6个内点,通过计算其变换矩的几何配准误差,改进随机样本一致策略,对匹配进行提纯,消除误配。结果仿真实验结果显示,与当前基于l1距离或l2距离相似度测量的图像配准技术相比,该算法具有更强的抗高斯噪声性能和更高的匹配精度,且算法时耗最短。结论所提算法能够精确完成图像特征配准。     

基于投票策略的图像配准算法(英文)

针对二维刚体图像配准,本文提出了一种由粗到细的图像配准方法.该方法首先由多尺度Harris角点检测算法提取出参考图像和目标图像的特征角点,采用基于投票策略的特征点匹配算法进行初步配准,有效地减少假点和不稳定点,然后对变换矩阵参数进行初估计,采用基于窗的精细算法对变换矩阵参数进行精估计,并得到最终的变换矩阵.实验结果表明,该算法具有高精度,对噪声鲁棒和低计算量的特点.     

PCB钻孔自动光电检测精确配准关键算法

为了实现快速印制电路板（PCB）钻孔自动检测,提出了一种PCB待测板和标准板快速自动配置算法。介绍了PCB钻孔自动光学检测系统的基本结构。采用粗匹配和精匹配两步进行配准的方法,通过边缘提取和Hough变换得到待测板4个角点坐标,利用角点坐标和标准板角点的关系进行粗配准,并找到待测板的定位孔;然后利用待测板定位孔圆心和标准板定位孔圆心的关系进行精确配准。实验证明,该算法计算速度和精度完全能够满足实际要求。     

车载图像配准稳定算法中的关键技术

提出一种有效的车载图像配准稳定算法,这种算法的关键技术包括：一是采用由粗到精、由局部匹配到全局配准的两级配准策略,即在粗配准阶段,利用基于灰度投影均值的SSDA改进算法进行快速模板匹配;精配准时,借鉴联合直方图区域记数法的思路,在灰度信息的统计特性空间上巧妙定义一种全局准则函数,既能保证精度又摆脱了大量的浮点运算。二是在运动滤波时通过自适应选取滑动窗口的长度,降低了图像序列的抖动,同时防止过稳现象的发生。实验结果表明,该算法的平移配准误差( 0．254, 0．083)远远小于1个像素,且在一定硬件平台上稳定单帧图像需要14．7ms,仅为同精度其它算法的1／3,从而满足了车载图像系统的实时性和精度要求。     

基于尺度、方向和距离约束的改进SIFT配准方法

针对SIFT算法在图像配准过程中存在遗漏掉大量的正确匹配对且产生误匹配对等问题,本文提出一种基于尺度、方向和距离约束的改进SIFT配准方法(SODC-SIFT).首先用SIFT算法对图像进行初匹配,利用特征点的尺度和主方向的差异剔除误匹配对;然后用最小二乘法求出两幅图像的几何关系;最后利用距离约束,迭代求解,找出正确匹配对,从而实现图像的精确配准.实验结果表明,本文方法与SIFT算法相比具有较强的鲁棒性,能够提升正确匹配对的数量并提高图像的正确匹配率,增强了算法匹配的精确性.     

Real gas choked flow conditions at low reduced-temperatures

Real gas choked mass flux is calculated for a frictionless stream expanding isentropically until it reaches the speed of sound and without phase changes. The other parameters associated with the choked state are the pressure, density, temperature ratios, and the speed of sound. Departure of the choked mass flux from the ideal gas model is discussed first in absolute terms and then in relative terms, using the Principle of Corresponding States, for gases with boiling points in the low temperature range. Reduced-stagnation pressures are examined up to values of 30 for hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, argon, methane, krypton, xenon, and R-14 and up to 100 for ⁴He. The corresponding reduced-stagnation temperatures go down to 1.4 and in some cases down to 1.2 for nitrogen and argon. Also discussed are the limiting values of stagnation parameters for which no phase change occurs in the choked state. Compared to the ideal gas, the mass flux may almost double and the critical pressure ratio may decrease by an order of magnitude. The relevance of results is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively for Joule-Thomson cryocooling.     

As-cast microstructures and behavior at high temperature of chromium-rich cobalt-based alloys containing hafnium carbides

Hafnium is often used to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of superalloys but not to form carbides for strengthen them against creep. In this work hafnium was added in cobalt-based alloys for verifying that HfC can be obtained in cobalt-based alloys and for characterizing their behavior at a very temperature. Three Co–25Cr–0.25 and 0.50C alloys containing 3.7 and 7.4 Hf to promote HfC carbides, and four Co–25Cr– 0 to 1C alloys for comparison (all contents in wt.%), were cast and exposed at 1200 °C for 50 h in synthetic air. The HfC carbides formed instead chromium carbides during solidification, in eutectic with matrix and as dispersed compact particles. During the stage at 1200 °C the HfC carbides did not significantly evolve, even near the oxidation front despite oxidation early become very fast and generalized. At the same time the chromium carbides present in the Co–Cr–C alloys totally disappeared in the same conditions. Such HfC-alloys potentially bring efficient and sustainable mechanical strengthening at high temperature, but their hot oxidation resistance must be significantly improved.     

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on superalloy

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate has been investigated. Cyclic high temperature oxidation tests were conducted on uncoated and coated samples at peak temperatures of 900 °C for up to 100 thermal cycles between the peak and room temperatures. The results showed that a dense scale formed on the coated samples during thermal cycling at the peak temperature of 900 °C. The external scale exhibited good spallation resistance during cyclic oxidation testing at both temperatures. The improvement in oxide scale spallation resistance is believed to be related to the fine-grained structure of the coating. Nanostructured Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate were deposited by DC/RF magnetron sputtering. FE-SEM/EDS, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and formation of different phases in the coatings, respectively. The Co–Al coating on superalloy substrate showed better performance of cyclic high temperature oxidation resistance due to its possession of β-CoAl phase as Al reservoir and the formation of Al₂O₃ and spinel phases such as CoCr₂O₄ and CoAl₂O₄ in scale. The oxidation results confirmed an improved oxidation resistance of the Co–Al coating on superalloy as compare to bare substrate in air at 900 °C temperature up to 100 cycles.     

Capacitance based mass metering for cryogenic fluids

This paper describes a method for measuring the mass of cryogenic fluids in on-board rocket propellant tanks or ground storage tanks. Linear approximations to the Clausius-Mossotti relationship serve as the foundation for a capacitance based mass sensor, regardless of fluid density stratification or tank shape. Sensor design considerations are presented along with the experimental results for a capacitance based mass gage tested in liquid nitrogen. This test data is shown to be consistent with theory resulting in a demonstrated mass measurement accuracy of ±0.75% and a deviation from linearity of less than ±0.30% of full scale mass. Theoretical accuracies are also shown to be ±0.73% for hydrogen and ±1.39% for oxygen for a select range of pressures and temperatures.     

Equipment using a “static-analytic” method for solubility measurements in potentially hazardous binary mixtures under cryogenic temperatures

A new apparatus designed to study, at cryogenic temperatures, thermodynamic equilibria of potentially explosive binary systems such as hydrocarbon-oxygen mixtures is described herein. This equipment has an equilibrium cell which was especially designed to minimize hazards while allowing accurate phase equilibrium measurements. Reliability of results, obtained with this equipment has been verified by working on the nitrogen-propane system, for which data are already available in literature, over a large range of compositions and at various temperatures. Four isothermal curves describing liquid phase compositions at 109.98, 113.77, 119.75 and 125.63 K have been determined. Our experimental data are represented within 2% in compositions and in pressures through the Peng-Robinson equation of state implying Mathias-Copeman alpha function and Huron-Vidal mixing rule. Comparisons to literature allow pointing out: good agreement is observed with Kremer and Knapp data (1983) while the three sets of Poon and Lu data (1974) presenting systematic positive deviation are consequently judged as suspicious.     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

长余辉材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)∶Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)的溶胶凝胶法制备及性能研究

首次研究了以Nd~(3+)离子为辅助激活剂,对Eu~(2+)掺杂的发光材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)余辉性能的影响.用溶胶凝胶法合成了Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射计、荧光分光光度计、余辉亮度测试仪、热释光剂量计等手段对粉末样品进行了表征.结果表明,在1350℃得到了单一的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)相,粉末颗粒平均粒度在1μm左右.Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末有402和485nm两个发射峰,与Eu~(2+)单掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)相比,发射峰位置没有变化,但适量的掺杂可以大大提高余辉时间和余辉亮度,余辉时间可达18h以上.最后通过对热释光谱的分析解释了双掺杂发光粉余辉性能增强的原因,适宜深度的陷阱可以有效存储光能,增强余辉的时间和强度.     

Development of No-Vent™ liquid hydrogen storage system for space applications

A number of technological advances required to store and maintain normal-boiling-point and densified cryogenic liquids, including liquid hydrogen, under zero boil-off conditions in-space, for long periods of time, have been developed. These technologies include (1) thermally optimized compact cryogen storage systems that reduce environmental heat leak to the lowest-temperature cryogen, which minimizes cryocooler size and input power, and (2) actively-cooled shields that surround the storage systems and intercept heat leak. The processes and tools used to develop these technologies are discussed. A zero boil-off liquid hydrogen storage system technology demonstrator for validating the actively-cooled shield technology is presented.     

Percolation and the resistive transition of the critical temperature Tc of Nb3Sn

The relationship between the distribution of the critical temperature, the percolation function, and the resistive transition of the critical temperature is explored for polycrystalline Nb₃Sn. In the neighborhood of the critical temperature, Nb₃Sn is assumed to be a random mixture of superconducting and normal grains. Percolation concepts are applied to a study of the resistivity. A general analysis is made showing that the onset and shape of the resistive transition for composite conductors are determined by the percolation function and the distribution of the critical temperature. An approximate form of the percolation function is determined based on a linear FEM analysis. Example resistive transitions are calculated for an assumed normal distribution of the critical temperature. An argument is presented that relates grain orientation and strain dependence in Nb₃Sn. It is noted that a dependence of the distribution of T_c with strain, in addition to the usual shift in T_c with strain, would be the result of a strain dependence that is a function of grain orientation. The analysis shows the extent to which the slope of the resistive transition is a measure of the distribution of the critical temperature, and therefore a measure of the grain orientation strain sensitivity. Finally, a method is described to determine the percolation function experimentally.     

Liquid helium cryostat for SQUID-based MRI receivers

We describe a liquid helium cryostat, developed to cool SQUID-based receivers in low field MRI systems. The cryostat has a 4 L liquid helium capacity, a hold time of over 3 days and accommodates 10 cm diameter receiver coils. New vacuum insulation methods reduce the noise level by at least an order of magnitude compared to existing commercial designs. The minimum detectable field at 425 kHz, with a 5 cm diameter circular coil, was estimated to be 0.018 fT/Hz^1/2 from Q-factor measurements and 0.035 fT/Hz^1/2 by direct measurement with a SQUID amplifier. Further measurements indicated that most of this field noise probably originates with dielectric losses in the cryostat’s fibreglass shells.