一种快速的眼底图像视盘定位算法

目的：探讨一种快速的视网膜图像视盘定位方法。方法：提取RBG彩色视网膜图像的绿色通道作为处理对象;以每个像素点为中心取窗进行灰度调整操作;计算每个窗内灰度最大值,并根据该值重新估算窗的中心值;将该值作为中心像素点的灰度值。对提取到的图像进行二值化与形态学处理得到视盘区域和轮廓。结果：对DRIVE数据库测试图像进行了实验,提取视盘的平均运算时间为2.948s,视盘区域覆盖准确性92.5%。结论：较同类视盘提取算法速度更快,准确率达到平均水平,但对于视盘区域亮度偏暗的视网膜图像效果一般。     

一种用于图像拼接的角点匹配算法

针对基于自适应光学技术的人眼眼底待拼接图像灰度、清晰度不一致以及细节的差异使检测出的角点无法匹配,进而导致图像不能拼接的问题,提出一种在OpenCV配置环境下角点检测的基础上,进行角点匹配的新方法.该方法利用角点间的距离和斜率在眼底很小的区域内基本不变的特性,将两幅图像的角点对相互匹配,进而找到两幅图像中三对一一对应的角点.实验结果表明,用该方法可以解决人眼图像拼接的角点检测和角点匹配问题,而且运算速度快,检测效率高.     

运用肤色信息和模板匹配的彩色人脸检测

人脸是一个复杂的模式,在图像中自动地对其进行定位和分割是进行人脸识别的第一步。本文提出一种运用肤色信息和模板匹配的人脸检测方法。该方法先进行肤色分割,然后对每一个人脸候选区域进行形状比例的分析,最后进行模板匹配。实验结果表明,该方法对任意背景下,任意姿态及任意数目的人脸检测非常有效。     

基于特征匹配的地图图像自动配准技术研究

本文针对地图中的特征点，提出了一种基于广义特征点的图像自动配准方法，将特征点从单纯的点拓展到特征区域。以Moravec算子结合其他特征约束条件来自动搜索广义特征点。分别对两幅图像提取广义特征点后，利用基于根均方误差和交叉相关的两级匹配算法完成同名控制点的建立。并以局部加权直线拟合方法来校正图像的几何畸变。最后建立两幅图像之间的函数映射关系，完成图像的配准。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。该方法可用于校正近景面地图影像的几何畸变和遥感图像的局部几何畸变。     

基于改进SUSAN算子的一种遥感影像配准方法

首先介绍TSUSAN（Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus）边缘检测算子的工作原理及在特征点提取中的应用,改进TSUSAN算子阈值的自动获取方法。最后将改进的SUSAN算子应用在图像配准中,通过计算候选匹配角点对,然后利用图像间的不变信息对候选匹配角点对进行筛选,最终得到正确的匹配角点对集。试验表明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于小波分析的可见光图像自动配准方法研究

研究了一种快速,准确,抗噪的可见光图像自动配方法。首先用小波分析技术提取两幅图像的特征点,然后对两幅图像之间的角度差进行补偿,最后用多层特征点匹配技术完成两幅图像的变换参数的估计,对一定研究领域的可见光图像自动配准的仿真实验表明;该方法可以比较快速,准确,自动地得到这些图像之间的配参数。且对噪声具有一定的适应能力。     

基于纹理及小波分析的车牌定位方法

提出了一种基于纹理和小波分析的车牌定位方法。针对图像背景复杂,且车牌所占比例较小的特点,提出了一种确定基元分类阈值的二值化方法;根据车牌字符分布规律,提出了二值纹理基元分析方法,提取车牌候选区域;基于小波分析提取车牌区域竖笔画特征,采用隶属度定量表征车牌竖笔画特征、位置特征及形状特征,给出综合这些特征、从候选区域提取车牌区域的方法。测试结果表明,该方法正确定位率超过96%     

复杂底纹柔性卫生用品表面缺陷检测算法研究

目的 柔性卫生用品由于其材料表面不平整、产品容易发生变形等特性,给机器视觉中图像关键区域的定位和分割带来了很大问题,从而影响检测结果。为了解决复杂底纹柔性卫生用品表面脏点的检测问题,提出一种新型检测算法,以实现对复杂底纹柔性卫生用品快速又精准的检测。方法 在该检测算法中首先对采集的模板图像和样本图像进行预处理,在模板图像中创建一个合适特征模板,根据特征模板进行样本图像的匹配和定位;然后把经过精准定位后的样本图像进行关键区域分割;最后运用差影法把样本关键区域中的缺陷找出。该算法采用德国MVtec公司的halcon算子加以编程实现。结果 实验结果显示,该算法能够识别棉芯表面大于0.04 mm2的脏点,检测1幅图片的平均时间平均在100 ms,检测准确率为100%。结论 文中方法与传统方法相比,鲁棒性强,速度快,能够满足工业高速生产的需求。     

基于正反图案的亚像素条纹边缘检测方法

为了精确确定格雷码条纹边缘,提出了一种基于正反格雷码图案的直线拟合的条纹边缘定位方法．该方法向测量空间投射条纹宽度相等的正、反色格雷码图案,用摄像机拍摄得到经编码图案调制的强度图像,提取两幅强度图像的条纹边缘区域并对其进行直线拟合,求取两条拟合直线的交点,并将其作为边缘点．采用行扫描的方法求取图像中每一行的边缘点,即可得到图像的条纹边缘．文中具体介绍了测量系统组成、测量及定位原理,分析了具体实现过程．实验结果表明,该方法的相对定位误差小于1％．     

基于差影技术的乳腺微钙化点检测方法

目的 协助医生进行诊断，避免医生因大量阅片引起疲劳而造成误诊，提高乳腺癌早期诊断的效率和准确率。方法 先对乳腺钼靶X线照片数字化；再对数字化的乳腺影像归一化；然后从中选取感兴趣区域；最后利用差影技术检测出微钙化点并标示于影像中。结果 对于16幅（其中13幅含有微钙化）经过病理解剖确诊的乳腺钼靶片进行实验，利用本文方法共检测出14幅钙化图像。结论 该方法检出率高，微钙化点定位准确，值得进一步研究。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...