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1.
John Stanley 《Lipid Technology》2012,24(1):15-16
It is widely accepted that the very long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n‐3 PUFA) characteristic of marine oils protect against the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This idea is supported by a large body of consistent epidemiological studies showing favourable associations between intakes of VLC n‐3 PUFA and CVD risk and more importantly by several large and lengthy dietary intervention trials showing favourable effects of VLC n‐3 PUFA on the development of CVD. The effects of VLC n‐3 PUFA on sudden death and on survival from a heart attack demonstrated in these trials could be explained if they have anti‐arrhythmic effects. Recent meta‐analyses of the available dietary intervention trials suggest that neither ventricular nor atrial arrhythmias are influenced by VLC n‐3 PUFA intakes. Hence a convincing mechanism of action of VLC n‐3 PUFA on CVD has yet to emerge. 相似文献
2.
Amiram Raz Nurit Kamin-Belsky Fiorenza Przedecki Mark Obukowicz 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(2):241-245
Liver Δ6-desaturase activity was determined in mice which were made deficient in (i) n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA), (ii) n-6 PUFA, or (iii) arachidonic acid (AA). Initially, the mice were subjected to two cycles of a fasting (1 d)/refeeding
(2–3 d) protocol in which they were refed an essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) diet during the refeeding period. This
1-wk fasting/refeeding protocol, referred to as F/R EFAD, produced a rapid and substantial decline in tissue n-3 and n-6 PUFA
and a corresponding increase in n-9 fatty acids, notably oleic acid and Mead acid (20:3n-9). Combined liver Δ6-desaturase/elongase/Δ5-desaturase
activities in vivo were quantified by measuring the conversion of 14C-linoleic acid (LA) to 14C-AA in mouse liver. Although F/R EFAD caused, as expected, a substantial decline in liver AA and LA content, the conversion
of 14C-LA to 14C-AA was the same in these mice as in chow-fed controls (approximately 33–34%). Subsequent refeeding of F/R EFAD mice with
an EFAD diet, supplemented with corn oil, restored tissue n-6 PUFA levels without altering the conversion of 14C-LA to 14C-AA. In contrast, refeeding with an EFAD diet, supplemented with fish oil, inhibited 14C-LA to 14C-AA conversion by 78%. Significantly, inhibition of conversion of 14C-LA to 14C-AA was maintained in F/R EFAD mice that were subsequently fed an EFAD diet supplemented with a 1:1 mixture of fish oil/corn
oil. This latter protocol yielded a unique liver fatty acid composition in which AA was selectively depleted, whereas LA and
the n-3 PUFA were increased. The data suggest that dietary n-3 C20–22 PUFA negatively regulate the in vivo synthesis of n-6 PUFA at the level of the Δ6-desaturase. 相似文献
3.
Menhanden oil was purified by column chromatography to remove minor components. The effect of α-tocopherol (α TOH) (50–500
ppm) on the rate of formation of hydroperoxides in the original menahaden oil and in the purified menhaden triacylglycerol
(TAG) fraction was studied at 30°C in the dark. An increase in the initial rate of formation of hydroper-oxides was observed
at αTOH concentrations above 100 ppm in both substrates. The original menhaden oil oxidized more rapidly than the purified
menhaden, TAG at all antioxidant levels tested, and the presence of minor components in the menhaden oil was found to contribute
only to a limited extent to the peroxidizing effect of αTOH. The αTOH did not display any prooxidant activity at either of
the concentrations tested when the control oil was the purified menhaden TAG. Addition of ascorbyl palmitate eliminated the
initial peroxidizing effect of αTOH, and this emphasizes the participation of the α-toco-pheroxyl radical in the reactions
causing an accumulation of hydroperoxides at high concentrations of αTOH.
Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society in San Diego, April 25–28, 2000. 相似文献
4.
Xu Xiang Fei Long Ameya Narkar Ronald E. Kinnunen Reza Shahbazian‐Yassar Bruce P. Lee Patricia A. Heiden 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2016,133(3)
Fish scales are an abundant biowaste apparently unused, except for isolating major components as feedstocks, sacrificing the useful properties inherent to scales. We modified scale surfaces using hydrophilic and hydrophobic (meth)acrylates and tetraethylorthosilicate with in situ polymerization, and partial degradation of the biomineral or collagen layer. Chemical changes were assessed qualitatively by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and quantitatively by nanomechanical analysis. No modification was selective but they were “preferential”. Hydrophobic modifications were inefficient and reduced scale modulus. Inorganic and hydrophilic modifications were efficient and increased modulus. On adding sodium‐citrate‐modified scales to a weak alginate hydrogel, rheology showed an order of magnitude increase in storage modulus compared to alginate with no or unmodified scale reinforcement. Fish scales can be a useful new reinforcement. This work highlights simple pathways to manipulate surface composition and modulus of waste fish scale to enhance composite properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42868. 相似文献
5.
6.
John Stanley 《Lipid Technology》2012,24(11):254-256
Meta‐analyses of prospective cohort studies or meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials completed before the year 2002 suggest that the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n‐3 PUFA) characteristic of fish oil significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, randomised controlled trials and meta‐analyses of these trials published in the last decade suggest that VLC n‐3 PUFA have no effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease. While some of the more recently completed trials can be criticised as they were either uncontrolled or did not have sufficient statistical power a more important factor may be at work. By contrast with the earlier trials, the cardiovascular disease patients recruited for trials carried out in the last decade tend to be treated with statins. Demonstrating additional benefit of VLC n‐3 PUFA on cardiovascular disease over and above that conferred by statins is clearly proving problematic. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(15):12213-12220
The aim of this research is to observe the physicochemical characterization and evaluate the biocompatibility of the HA/β-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCP) produced from fish bones. In addition, the mechanism of the formation of BCP after calcination of fish bones was discussed. Three kinds of fish bones (Salmo salar, Anoplopoma fimbria and Sardine) were prepared and calcined for one hour at different temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1100 °C in a muffle furnace. The calcined bones were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (GTA), inductively coupled plasma optical atom emissions spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the biphasic ceramics. BCP materials were produced from all kinds of fish bones by calcination above 700 °C, the carbonated hydroxyapatite and multiple trace element were also found in the calcined bones. With the increase of temperature, the ratio of HA/β-TCP varied and the major organic components were progressively removed. The carbonated hydroxyapatite disappeared when temperature rises above 900 °C. Rising temperature also caused crystal growth that eventually gave rise to the increase of the BCP grain size and influenced the mesoporous structure. The BCP materials were confirmed to have no obvious cytotoxicity to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite(CDHA) may make up the major inorganic constituent of fish bones that could decompose to HA and β-TCP when calcined above 700 °C. 800–900 °C is considered to be the optimal temperature to fabricate BCP materials which contain more β-TCP, carbonated hydroxyapatite and retain distinct mesoporous structure while has good biocompatibility. With the unique composition and structure, these three kinds of fish-bone-derived BCP materials can be further applied to fabricate bioceramic scaffolds for biomedical applications. 相似文献
8.
Caribbean sponges of the genus Ircinia contain high concentrations of linear furanosesterterpene tetronic acids (FTAs) and produce and exude low-molecular-weight volatile compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide, methyl isocyanide, methyl isothiocyanate) that give these sponges their characteristic unpleasant garlic odor. It has recently been suggested that FTAs are unlikely to function as antipredatory chemical defenses, and this function may instead be attributed to bioactive volatiles. We tested crude organic extracts and purified fractions isolated from Ircinia campana, I. felix, and I. strobilina at naturally occurring concentrations in laboratory and field feeding assays to determine their palatability to generalist fish predators. We also used a qualitative technique to test the crude volatile fraction from I. felix and I. strobilina and dimethylsulfide in laboratory feeding assays. Crude organic extracts of all three species deterred feeding of fishes in both aquarium and field experiments. Bioassay-directed fractionation resulted in the isolation of the FTA fraction as the sole active fraction of the nonvolatile crude extract for each species, and further assays of subfractions suggested that feeding deterrent activity is shared by the FTAs. FTAs deterred fish feeding in aquarium assays at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml (fraction B, variabilin), while the natural concentrations of combined FTA fractions were >5.0 mg/ml for all three species. In contrast, natural mixtures of volatiles transferred from sponge tissue to food pellets and pure dimethylsulfide incorporated into food pellets were readily eaten by fish in aquarium assays. Although FTAs may play other ecological roles in Ircinia spp., these compounds are effective as defenses against potential predatory fishes. Volatile compounds may serve other defensive functions (e.g., antimicrobial, antifouling) but do not appear to provide a defense against fish predators. 相似文献
9.
Cleland LG Proudman SM Hall C Stamp LK McWilliams L Wylie N Neumann M Gibson RA James MJ 《Lipids》2003,38(4):419-424
Dietary fish oil supplements have been shown to have benefits in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), other inflammatory diseases, and
in cardiovascular disease. As with any medical advice, variability will exist with regard to adherence and consequent biochemical
or pharmacophysiologic effects. The aim was to explore the utility of plasma phospholipid EPA as a measure of n−3 PUFA intake
and response to standardized therapeutic advice given in an outpatient or office practice setting, to increase dietary n−3
PUFA, including a fish oil supplement. Patients with early RA were given verbal and written advice to alter their dietary
n−3 PUFA intake, including ingestion of 20 mL of bottled fish oil on juice daily. The advice included instructions to increase
n−3 PUFA and to avoid foods rich in n−6 PUFA. Every 3 mon, blood samples were obtained for analysis of plasma phospholipid
FA. Plasma phospholipid EPA was used as the primary index of n−3 PUFA intake. A diverse response was seen, with about one-third
of patients achieving a substantial elevation of plasma phospholipid EPA over the 12-mon study period. A third had little
change, with the remainder achieving intermediate levels. Data obtained longitudinally from individual patients indicated
that substantial elevations of EPA (>5% total plasma phospholipid FA) could be maintained for more than 3 yr. Plasma phospholipid
EPA is a convenient measure of adherence to advice to take a dietary n−3 PUFA-rich fish oil supplement. This measure may prove
a useful adjunct to intention to treat analyses in determining the effect of dietary fish oil supplements on long-term outcomes
in arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. It may also provide a guide to the effectiveness of therapeutic and
preventive messages designed to increase n−3 PUFA intake. 相似文献
10.
Recent studies have demonstrated that long-chain n−3 PUFA (LCn-3PUFA) are beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
This study was conducted to determine the extent of incorporation of LCn-3PUFA into human atrium following supplementation
with a fish oil concentrate high in LCn-3PUFA. Volunteers preparing for coronary bypass surgery were randomized either to
the treatment group (n=8), receiving 6 g/d of fish oil concentrate (4.4 g of LCn-3PUFA), or the placebo group (n=9), receiving 6 g/d of olive oil for a minimum period of 6 wk. Blood samples were collected prior to commencement of treatment,
and preoperatively before bypass surgery. Atrial biopsies were obtained during surgery. The plasma and atrium samples were
analyzed by GC following trans-methylation to determine FA profile. Post-supplementation, the treatment group had significantly
higher plasma levels of 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 than the placebo group. Analysis of the atrium total lipids revealed
a significant increase in the proportion of 20∶5n−3 following fish oil supplementation. There was no significant difference
in the concentration of 22∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 in the atrium total lipids; however, an upward trend was observed in subjects
receiving fish oil supplementation. In the phospholipid fraction of the atrium, both 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 increased, whereas
20∶4n−6 levels decreased. This study demonstrates for the first time that short-term supplementation with fish oil concentrate
results in significant incorporation of LNc-3PUFA with a concomitant depletion of the eicosanoid substrate (20∶4n−6) in the
human atrium. 相似文献
11.
The effect of α-tocopherol (αTOH) (50–2000 ppm), γ-tocopherol (γTOH) (100–2000 ppm), and δ-tocopherol (δTOH) (100–2000 ppm)
on the formation and decomposition of hydroperoxides in purified fish oil triacylglycerols (TAG) was studied. The tests were
conducted at 30°C in the dark. Purified fish oil TAG oxidized very rapidly with no apparent induction period. The relative
ability of the tocopherols to retard the formation of hydroperoxides decreased in the order αTOH> γTOH>δTOH at a low level
of addition (100 ppm), but a reverse order of activity was found when the initial tocopherol concentration was 1000 ppm. This
dependence of relative antioxidant activity on tocopherol concentration was caused by the existence of concentrations for
maximal antioxidant activity for αTOH and for γTOH. An inversion of activity, on the basis of hydroperoxide formation, was
observed for αTOH at 100 ppm and for γTOH at 500 ppm, whereas the antioxidant activity of δTOH increased with level of addition
up to 1500–2000 ppm. None of the tocopherols displayed any prooxidant activity. All three tocopherols strongly retarded the
formation of volatile secondary oxidation products in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations above about 250
ppm there appeared to be a linear relationship between rate of consumption of αTOH and initial αTOH concentration, in accordance
with the linear relationship observed between the initial rate of formation of hydroperoxides and the initial αTOH concentration.
The rate of consumption of γTOH also increased with initial concentration, but to a lesser extent than for αTOH. At high levels
of addition the rate of consumption of δTOH was independent of initial concentration, appearing to reflect the greater stability
of this tocopherol homolog and participation in reactions with lipid peroxyl radicals only.
Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting in San Diego, California, April 2000. 相似文献
12.
13.
Dietary intake of fish vs. formulations leads to higher plasma concentrations of n−3 fatty acids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The n−3 fatty acids from fish appear to be more efficacious, in terms of cardioprotection, than equivalent amounts provided
as capsules. Volunteers were given, for 6 wk, either 100 g/d of salmon, providing 383 mg of EPA and 544 mg of DHA, esterified
in glycerol lipids, or 1 or 3 capsules of fish oil/d, providing 150 mg of EPA and 106 mg of DHA or 450 mg of EPA and 318 mg
of DHA, as ethyl esters. Further, we reevaluated data from a previous study carried out with the same design, i.e., with 3
and 6 capsules/d of fish oil, providing 1290 and 2580 mg/d EPA and 960 and 1920 mg/d DHA. Marked increments in plasma EPA
and DHA concentrations (μg/mg total lipid) and percentages of total fatty acids were recorded at the end of treatment with
either n−3 capsules or salmon. Net increments of EPA and DHA in plasma lipids were linearly and significantly correlated with
the dose after capsule administration. Further, increments in plasma EPA and DHA concentration after salmon intake were significantly
higher than after administration of capsules. The same increments would be obtained with at least two- and ninefold higher
doses of EPA and DHA, respectively, if administered with capsules rather than salmon. We provide experimental evidence that
n−3 fatty acids from fish are more effectively incorporated into plasma lipids than when administered as capsules and that
increments in plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA given as capsules are linearly correlated with their intakes. 相似文献
14.
Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation: Effect on visual acuity and n−3 fatty acid content of infant erythrocytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Lauritzen L Jørgensen MH Mikkelsen TB Skovgaard lM Straarup EM Olsen SF Høy CE Michaelsen KF 《Lipids》2004,39(3):195-206
Studies on formula-fed infants indicate a beneficial effect of dietary DHA on visual acuity. Cross-sectional studies have
shown an association between breast-milk DHA levels and visual acuity in breast-fed infants. The objective in this study was
to evaluate the biochemical and functional effects of fish oil (FO) supplements in lactating mothers. In this double-blinded
randomized trial, Danish mothers with habitual fish intake below the 50th percentile of the Danish National Birth Cohort were
randomized to microencapsulated FO [1.3 g/d long-chain n−3 FA (n−3 LCPUFA)] or olive oil (OO). The intervention started within
a week after delivery and lasted 4 mon. Mothers with habitual high fish intake and their infants were included as a reference
group. Ninety-seven infants completed the trial (44 OO-group, 53 FO-group) and 47 reference infants were followed up. The
primary outcome measures were: DHA content of milk samples (0, 2, and 4 mon postnatal) and of infant red blood cell (RBC)
membranes (4 mon postnatal), and infant visual acuity (measured by swept visual evoked potential at 2 and 4 mon of age). FO
supplementation gave rise to a threefold increase in the DHA content of the 4-mon milk samples (P<0.001). DHA in infant RBC reflected milk contents (r=0.564, P<0.001) and was increased by almost 50% (P<0.001). Infant visual acuity was not significantly different in the randomized groups but was positively associated at 4
mon with infant RBC-DHA (P=0.004, multiple regression). We concluded that maternal FO supplementation during lactation did not enhance visual acuity
of the infants who completed the intervention. However, the results showed that infants with higher RBC levels of n−3 LCPUFA
had a better visual acuity at 4 mon of age, suggesting that n−3 LCPUFA may influence visual maturation. 相似文献
15.
Fish constitutes a very important part of human diet due to its protein content. The poor commercialization system existing in Costa Rica for this product causes an important secondary contamination that may include microorganisms such as fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and even pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. There is a lack of recent information about the microbiological quality of the fish that arrives to the Metropolitan Area of San José, Costa Rica, so the aim of this work was to study it through the detection of microbiological indicators and the incidence of L. monocytogenes. Five different samplings were realized to 27 fisheries located in two different areas from San José, Costa Rica: the Central Market and the rest of the Metropolitan Area. Each time, a 500 g sample of fresh filleted fish was taken and transported to the Food Microbiology Laboratory, Universidad de Costa Rica, for performing the different analysis, which included the presence/absence of L. monocytogenes, total plate count, total and fecal coliforms count and Most Probable Number of Staphylococcus aureus. Also, a hygiene evaluation of the different fisheries was performed. According to this, 22.2% of the fisheries were classified as excellent, 14.8% as good, 40.8% as regular and 22.2% as bad. Fisheries hygiene is independent of the incidence of L. monocytogenes with a 95% confidence level, and there is no significant relationship between hygiene and the other indicators analyzed. There is a significant relationship between the incidence of Listeria sp. and the hygiene of the Central Market area. It was determined that 96.3% and 29.6% of the fisheries accomplish with the microbiological limits established by ICMSF for S. aureus and total plate count, respectively. Listeria sp. was found in 65.2% of the fish samples analyzed. From these, 52.3% was L. monocytogenes, 43.2% L. innocua, 3.4% L. ivanovii and 1.1% L. seeligeri. In 88.9% of the fisheries the presence of L. monocytogenes was positive at least once. 相似文献
16.
Spiteller G 《Lipids》2005,40(8):755-771
Furan FA (F-acids) are tri-or tetrasubstituted furan derivatives characterized by either a propyl or pentyl side chain in
one of the α-positions; the other is substituted by a straight long-chain saturated acid with a carboxylic group at its end.
F-acids are generated in large amounts in algae, but they are also produced by plants and microorganisms. Fish and other marine
organisms as well as mammals consume F-acids in their food and incorporate them into phospholipids and cholesterol esters.
F-acids are catabolized to dibasic urofuran acids, which are excreted in the urine. The biogenetic precursor of the most abundant
F-acid, F6, is linoleic acid. Methyl groups in the β-position are derived from adenosylmethionine. Owing to the different alkyl substituents,
synthesis of F-acids requires multistep reactions. F-acids react readily with peroxyl radicals to generate dioxoenes. The
radical-scavenging ability of F-acids may contribute to the protective properties of fish and fish oil diets against mortality
from heart disease. 相似文献
17.
Homeira Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Behbahani Yadollah Yamini Laleh Adlnasab Ali Akbar Asgharinezhad 《Reactive and Functional Polymers》2013,73(1):23-29
We describe a nanoparticles ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for the selective preconcentration of copper (II) ions. It was obtained by precipitation polymerization from 2-vinylpyridine (the functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross-linker), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (the initiator), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (the copper-binding ligand) and nickel nitrate (the template ion) in acetonitrile solution. The IIP particles were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and by scanning electron microscopy. The optimization process was carried out using the Box–Behnken design (BBD). Effects of several factors such as solution pH for adsorption, amount of polymer, type, concentration and volume of eluent for extraction, as well as adsorption and desorption times were investigated. Under the optimum conditions (type and concentration of eluent, HCl 1.6 mol L?1; volume of eluent, 6 mL; adsorption solution pH, 6.0; amount of polymer, 30 mg; adsorption time, 25 min; desorption time, 25 min), preconcentration factor of the proposed method was approximately 100. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit was found to be 0.1 μg L?1, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate measurements was calculated to be <4%. 相似文献
18.
Sufficient availability of both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) is required for optimal structural
and functional development in infancy. The question has been raised as to whether infant formulae would benefit from enrichment
with 20 and 22 carbon fatty acids. To address this issue, we determined the effect of fish oil and phospholipid (LCPUFA) sources
on the fatty acid composition of brain cortical areas and nonneural tissues of newborn piglets fed artificially for 2 wk.
They were fed sow milk, a control formula, or the formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids from a low-20:5n-3 fish oil added
at a high or a low concentration, or the formula enriched with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from either egg yolk- or pig brain-phospholipids.
Both the fish oil- and the phospholipid-enriched formula produced significantly higher plasma phospholipid 22:6n-3 concentrations
than did the control formula. The 22:6n-3 levels in the brain, hepatic, and intestinal phospholipids were significantly correlated
with plasma values, whereas cardiac 22:6n-3 content appeared to follow a saturable dose-response. Feeding sow milk resulted
in a much higher 20:4n-6 content in nonneural tissues than did feeding formula. Supplementation with egg phospholipid increased
the 20:4n-6 content in the heart, red blood cells, plasma, and intestine in comparison to the control formula, while pig brain
phospholipids exerted this effect in the heart only. The addition of 4.5% fish oil in the formula was associated with a decline
in 20:4n-6 in the cortex, cerebellum, heart, liver, and plasma phospholipids, whereas using this source at 1.5% limited the
decline to the cerebellum, liver, and plasma. Whatever the dietary treatment, the phosphatidylethanolamine 20:4n-6 level was
10–20% higher in the brain temporal lobe than in the parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes in the temporal lobe by administering
the formula enriched with egg or brain phospholipids.
In conclusion, feeding egg phospholipids to neonatal pigs increased both the 22:6n-3 content in the brain and the 20:4n-6
content in the temporal lobe cortex. This source also increased the 22:6n-3 levels in nonneural tissues with only minor alterations
of 20:4n-6. These data support the notion that infant formulae should be supplemented with both 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 rather
than with 22:6n-3 alone. 相似文献
19.
Elemárcia Martins da Silva Paixão Ana Carolina de M. Oliveira Nathalia Pizato Maria Imaculada Muniz-Junqueira Kelly G. Magalhães Eduardo Yoshio Nakano Marina K. Ito 《Nutrition journal》2017,16(1):71
Background
We evaluated the effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids enriched fish oil (FO) on nutritional and immunological parameters of treatment naïve breast cancer patients.Methods
In a randomized double blind controlled trial, the FO group (FG) patients were supplemented with 2 g/ day of FO concentrate containing 1.8 g of n-3 fatty acids during 30 days. The placebo group (PG) received 2 g/ day of mineral oil. At baseline and after the intervention, plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids, dietary intake, weight, body composition, biochemical and immunological markers were assessed.Results
At the end of the intervention period, no between group differences were observed regarding anthropometric parameters. There was a significant increase in the plasma phospholipid EPA (p = 0.004), DHA (p = 0.007) of the FG patients. In FG patients the percentages of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were maintained while in PG patients there was a significant increase in hsCRP (p = 0.024). We also observed a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (p = 0.042) of PG patients. No changes in serum proinflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin E2 levels were observed.Conclusions
Supplementation of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with EPA and DHA led to a significant change in the composition of plasma fatty acids, maintained the level of CD4+ T cells and serum levels of hsCRP, suggestive of a beneficial effect on the immune system and less active inflammatory response.Trial registration
Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC): RBR-2b2hqh. Registered 29 April 2013, retrospectively registered.20.
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation, in the third trimester of pregnancy and
early lactation period of healthy pregnant Danish women. Forty-four pregnant women were randomly allocated to fish oil supplementation
(1.3 g EPA and 0.9 g DHA per day) from week 30 of gestation (FO-group) or to a control regimen (olive oil or no oil; controls).
The FO-group was randomly subdivided into women stopping fish oil supplementation at delivery [FO(pregn)], and women continuing
supplementation for an, additional 30 d [FO(pregn/lact)]. Thirty-six women agreed to collect milk samples at days 4, 16, and
30 postpartum. The FA composition of the milk samples was determined by GLC. At days 4, 16, and 30 in lactation, FO(pregn/lact)
women (n=12) had, respectively 2.3 (P=0.001), 4.1 (P=0.001), and 3.3 (P=0.001) times higher mean contents of LCPUFA(n−3) in their breast milk compared with controls (n=13), and 1.7 (P=0.005), 2.8 (P=0.001), and 2.8 (P=0.001), times higher LCPUFA(n−3) contents, respectively, at these days compared with FO(pregn) women (n=11). The latter group did not differ significantly from controls with regard to LCPUFA(n−3) content in the breast milk. Similar
results were obtained when analyzing separately for effects on the milk content of DHA. Dietary supplementation with 2.7 g
LCPUFA(n−3) per day from week 30 of gestation and onward more than tripled the LCPUFA(n−3) content in early breast milk; supplementation
limited to pregnancy only was much less effective. 相似文献