纳米TiO2/甲基丙烯酸甲酯原位乳液聚合研究

采用原位乳液聚合方法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)包覆TiO2(TiO2／PMMA)，发现纳米TiO2对甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合无阻聚作用。研究表明：PMMA包覆在纳米TiO2表面主要为物理包覆，有少量化学包覆。在丙烯酸涂料中，TiO2／PMMA比TiO2更易分散。用TiO2／PMMA制得的涂料流平性好，涂膜性能优良。     

纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面设计及其填充聚氯乙烯复合材料的性能

利用表面原位接枝聚合在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)高分子链段,用共混法制备了nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料,研究了不同界面特性时SiO2/PVC复合材料的力学性能.研究结果表明通过表面原位接枝聚合反应可以在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;表面接枝PMMA的nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料在力学和加工性能等方面都优于偶联剂处理和表面未处理样品.在纳米二氧化硅颗粒填充量为0%～8%(wt)时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度随着填充量的提高先上升后下降,并在4%～6%(wt)达到最大值.经PMMA表面接枝后SiO2/PVC具有更强的界面作用,偶联剂KH570处理的次之,表面未处理样品的最差.     

有机-无机杂化纳米复合材料PMMA/TiO2的制备及性能研究

本文对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和纳米TiO2复合材料的制备工艺与光学性质进行了研究.利用XRD、SEM、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、热重等对纳米颗粒及复合材料进行了表征.结果表明:TiO2纳米颗粒经偶联处理后结构没有明显变化,其红外特征峰均发生了红移,PMMA热分解温度随TiO2加入量增大而提高,PMMA/TiO2纳米复合材料在可见光区透过率随TiO2加入量增大而迅速降低.     

原位聚合抗磨损PA6/纳米SiO2复合材料制备及其性能研究

为提高聚酰胺6（PA6）的抗磨损性能,采用原位聚合法合成并制备了PA6/纳米SiO2复合材料,研究了该材料的抗磨损性能、耐热性能、力学性能和结晶性能。结果表明,原位聚合PA6/纳米SiO2复合材料具有良好的抗磨损特性,当纳米SiO2含量为1 %(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料抗磨损性能最佳,该材料的热变形温度、拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率均明显高于原料PA6;当纳米SiO2含量为3 %时,复合材料热变形温度由原料PA6的64.6 ℃提高到130 ℃。采用原位聚合母料法制备的PA6/纳米SiO2复合材料同样具有理想的抗磨损性能,并可获得更好的力学性能,且可大幅降低材料制备成本。     

纳米二氧化钛对聚丙烯热稳定性影响的研究

采用透射电镜观测纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)颗粒尺寸。通过熔融混合法制备TiO2含量为0~3wt%的PP/TiO2纳米复合材料,之后在180℃下通过模压成型为薄膜。在100℃烘箱中持续热老化24h,并测试热老化前后的力学性能。采用红外光谱研究PP/TiO2纳米复合材料的降解产物,采用扫描电镜分析(SEM)复合材料在热老化后的拉伸破坏断面形态。SEM照片清晰显示二氧化钛在聚丙烯基材中分散均匀。热重分析结果显示二氧化钛的添加能提高PP的热稳定性。     

纳米CaCO_3的接枝改性及其填充PVC复合材料的性能

采用表面原位接枝聚合在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA),用共混法制备了纳米CaC03/PVC复合材料,研究了不同界面特性时纳米CaCO,/PVC复合材料的力学性能.研究结果表明:通过表面原位接枝聚合反应可以在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面接枝PMMA和PBA;表面接枝聚合改性大大促进了纳米CaCO3粒子在PVC基体中的分散行为,增加了复合材料的拉伸强度以及与聚合物的界面粘接强度,但复合材料的冲击强度有所下降.     

纳米碳酸钙/聚苯乙烯原位复合材料的制备及表征

将纳米碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO3)颗粒先从水相中转移至醇相中,再通过甲基丙烯酸处理,在颗粒表面包覆了既具离子键又具聚合反应活性的表面层. 在稍高于100℃温度下,经该项处理后的纳米CaCO3固含量大于80%的滤饼能均匀分散于苯乙烯单体中,用原位本体聚合法制得纳米CaCO3/PS(聚苯乙烯)原位复合材料. TEM分析表明,原位复合材料中纳米CaCO3颗粒能均匀分散于基体中,粒径在100 nm以内,并由此提出分散相呈集散形貌的结构模型. 纳米碳酸钙能对复合材料基体起到较好的增韧作用,含7%~8%纳米CaCO3的原位复合材料的冲击强度比纯PS提高158%.     

ACR-g-VC/纳米水滑石复合材料的形态及性能

采用原位悬浮聚合制备了丙烯酸酯共聚物(ACR)接枝氯乙烯(VC)(ACR-g-VC)树脂和ACR-g-VC/纳米水滑石复合材料,并研究了复合材料的形态、加工塑化性能、力学和热性能。采用原位聚合/熔融加工得到的ACR-g-VC/纳米水滑石复合材料中,纳米水滑石基本以初级粒子形式存在,分散性明显优于由ACR-g-VC与纳米水滑石直接熔融共混制备的复合材料。水滑石含量对原位聚合/熔融加工得到的ACR-g-VC/纳米水滑石复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度和储能模量影响较小,而ACR-g-VC的热稳定和加工塑化性能随纳米水滑石的引入而提高。水滑石质量分数为2%的复合材料质量损失10%的温度比聚氯乙烯提高近20℃,而塑化时间缩短至22 s。     

原位聚合聚氨酯/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的研究术

利用纳米TiO2表面丰富的羟基与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)中的异氰酸根反应,制备了以纳米TiO2为交联点的原位聚合聚氨酯/纳米TiO2复合材料.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析分别研究了未经表面处理纳米TiO2和酸处理纳米TiO2表面羟基含量的差异及其在聚氨酯中的分散状况,比较了它们作为无机交联点制...     

细乳液聚合法TiO_2/PMMA纳米复合粒子的制备及其性能

采用细乳液聚合法制备了二氧化钛/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(TiO2/PMMA)纳米复合粒子,研究了引发剂、助乳化剂、乳化剂、单体结构对TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子性能的影响。结果表明,十六烷(HD)比十二醇和十六醇更能有效抑制甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)液滴在水相中的Ostwald熟化效应,当MMA占TiO2质量的60%,HD占单体质量的6%,可聚合乳化剂1-烯丙氧基-3-(4-壬基苯酚)-2-丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)占整个体系质量的2%时,制备TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子分散体的粒径为185 nm,此时TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子与细乳液粒径差距较小;采用TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子制备喷墨印花用白色涂料墨水的稳定性和遮盖力明显优于同等条件下TiO2所制备的涂料墨水。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。