呼和浩特石化公司蒸汽管网优化分析

本文介绍了利用现有计算机技术针对蒸汽管网开发的HSH-PROSS蒸汽管网模拟优化系统技术原理,分析了呼石化500万吨/年炼油扩能改造项目建设中蒸汽管网设计中存在的问题和原因并提出优化方案,为蒸汽的节能优化工作提供依据。     

浅议蒸汽资源的利用对采暖及发电的影响

通过对安阳钢铁公司冬季采暖及余热发电与蒸汽供需的问题进行了分析,提出了优化蒸汽管网运行方法及改进措施,对蒸汽资源的科学利用有重要意义。     

蒸汽管网的智能监测系统

利用正常蒸汽管网的实测数据作为神经网络学习样本,通过神经网络的学习不断调整通过传热理论建立的正常管网传热模型中的温度分布系数,由此建立一个逼近实际蒸汽管网模型的传热模型,并以此作为蒸汽管网的诊断系统的诊断标准.再结合数据采集系统和对管网实时运行状况模拟和故障报警系统,组成蒸汽管网的智能监测系统.最后,用VC编程实现了该系统.     

转炉余热蒸汽在邯钢的综合应用

邯钢一炼钢3×120t转炉汽化冷却系统产生饱和余热蒸汽,经过热调压处理后优先满足炼钢厂1套RH真空精练炉生产用汽需要;富裕部分蒸汽可供应低压饱和蒸汽发电系统,也可并入厂区低压蒸汽管网,实现了热电联产和保证管网压力的稳定。     

双向蒸汽流量测量装置

一、应用场合 余热已被人们普遍重视并广为利用,余热水、余热蒸汽和余热发电等是廉价的二次能源。 余热锅炉产生的蒸汽由于受工业炉窑生产工艺变化的影响,其压力和流量的大小也随之变化,直接供给用户使用很不理想,为此绝大多数余热锅炉的蒸汽管道都与集中供热的总蒸汽管网相连通,称之为“并网”。余热蒸汽并网后、当其压力和流量足够自厂和所供其他用户使用并有多余时,余热锅炉的蒸汽可输送给总蒸汽管网一部分。而余热蒸汽的压力和流量不足时,总蒸汽管网通过连通管补充其不足,保证余热蒸汽用户得到稳定压力和足够流量的蒸汽。 这样,在余热蒸…     

影响蒸汽流量准确测量因素的探讨

文章结合蒸汽管网运行实际情况,讨论了影响蒸汽流量准确测量的各种因素,并对蒸汽流量计使用在不符合设计的工况下产生的附加误差进行了分析,提出了改进蒸汽流量测量的一些措施.     

PVC生产中能源的有效利用

本文分析了原有用过热蒸汽供热状况,通过对冬季和夏季生产和生活用气的分析,以及过热蒸汽和饱和蒸汽对设备的腐蚀程度等进行对比,简述了蒸汽减压系统、蒸汽减温系统、厂区热力管网改造和凝结水综合利用设计思路及优化方案,并对集中供热系统进行了效益分析。     

蒸汽管道直埋敷设技术在浦东国际机场A1地块的应用

结合工程实际论述预制直埋蒸汽管网的设计及应用。     

石化企业蒸气及凝结水管网设计浅析

本文介绍了蒸汽及凝结水管网优化设计的一些方法,为更好地满足石化企业的动力需求。笔者结合自己的设计经验,提出了一些建议和想法,供同行们商確。     

浅谈蒸汽管网系统关键产品质量检测中心项目的设计

对蒸汽管网关键产品质量检测中心项目系统设计及运行分析；对疏水阀、温控阀、减压阀及凝结水回收泵的检测方法进行描述，给出工程设计过程中出现具体问题的解决方案，为同类工程设计提供参考和模型。     

A new measuring method to detect the emissions of metal working fluid mist

During metal machining the rotating machine tool or grinding wheel is generating fine droplets and vapor which can cause occupational health problems. A new continuous measuring method was developed to detect both droplets and vapor of metalworking fluid mist and to provide information about the droplet size distribution. According to this method, an air sample of the metalworking fluid mist is segregated by impactors of different cut sizes, carried out in several successive passes. In each pass the droplets that are not collected in the impactor are fed into an evaporator that immediately evaporates all droplets, and subsequently the sample is analyzed in-line by a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). By subtraction of the value measured at the respectively next smaller fraction, the oil amount of the metalworking fluid mist found in a certain droplet size range is obtained. The metalworking fluid mist is thus segregated according to the droplet size, and a definite cut size between droplet and vapor can be defined, below which we can say "vapor". This method was calibrated with Di-2-Ethylhexyl-Sebacat (DEHS) as equivalence substance for further measurements applied on various metalworking fluids.     

气相沉积制备硬质薄膜技术与应用述评

本文对气相沉积技术的发展与最新趋势给出了述评 ,重点强调了等离子体辅助化学气相沉积 (PCVD)的优势、进展及其在工模具领域的应用     

Application of CFD (Fluent) to LNG spills into geometrically complex environments

Recent discussions on the fate of LNG spills into impoundments have suggested that the commonly used combination of SOURCE5 and DEGADIS to predict the flammable vapor dispersion distances is not accurate, as it does not account for vapor entrainment by wind. SOURCE5 assumes the vapor layer to grow upward uniformly in the form of a quiescent saturated gas cloud that ultimately spills over impoundment walls. The rate of spillage is then used as the source term for DEGADIS. A more rigorous approach to predict the flammable vapor dispersion distance is to use a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. CFD codes can take into account the physical phenomena that govern the fate of LNG spills into impoundments, such as the mixing between air and the evaporated gas. Before a CFD code can be proposed as an alternate method for the prediction of flammable vapor cloud distances, it has to be validated with proper experimental data. This paper describes the use of Fluent, a widely-used commercial CFD code, to simulate one of the tests in the "Falcon" series of LNG spill tests. The "Falcon" test series was the only series that specifically addressed the effects of impoundment walls and construction obstructions on the behavior and dispersion of the vapor cloud. Most other tests, such as the Coyote and the Burro series, involved spills onto water and relatively flat ground. The paper discusses the critical parameters necessary for a CFD model to accurately predict the behavior of a cryogenic spill in a geometrically complex domain, and presents comparisons between the gas concentrations measured during the Falcon-1 test and those predicted using Fluent. Finally, the paper discusses the effect vapor barriers have in containing part of the spill thereby shortening the ignitable vapor cloud and therefore the required hazard area. This issue was addressed by comparing the Falcon-1 simulation (spill into the impoundment) with the simulation of an identical spill without any impoundment walls, or obstacles within the impoundment area.     

Disordered mesoporous silica low-k thin films prepared by vapor deposition into a triblock copolymer template film

Mesoporous silica films have been prepared by a vapor phase method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a batch reactor and in a continuous flow reactor. The TEOS molecules penetrated into a triblock copolymer films and then a triblock copolymer/silica composite structure was formed. A two dimensional grazing-incidence small angle X-ray scattering pattern and field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the films indicated that the films possess ordered and disordered regions. The tortuous pore channels in the wormhole-like disordered structure run parallel to the film surface. The mesostructured triblock copolymer/silica composite films were treated with a trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) vapor before and after calcination. The vapor infiltration treatments effectively improved mechanical strength and hydrothermal stability of the films. The dielectric constant of the TMES-treated mesoporous silica films was reduced into the 1.5–1.7 range.     

Evaluation of PCDD/F partitioning between vapor and solid phases in MWI flue gases with temperature variation

Partitioning of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuran) between vapor and solid phases in flue gas is affected by several factors including temperature variation. In this study, PCDD/F removal efficiencies achieved with activated carbon injection (ACI) and partitioning of vapor/solid phase PCDD/Fs in flue gases with temperature variation in a municipal waste incinerator (MWI) are evaluated via intensive flue gas sampling. Results indicate that most PCDD/Fs in flue gas downstream of the ACI+bag filter (BF) exist in vapor phase (over 90%) while the removal efficiencies of vapor and solid phase PCDD/Fs are 98.5-99.6% and 99.8-99.9%, respectively. The results of flue gas samplings also indicate that there is optimal operating temperature for PCDD/F removal achieved with ACI. Additionally, a pilot-scale adsorption system (PAS) is constructed in this study to evaluate the PCDD/F partitioning affected by temperature. The results of the PAS experimentation indicate that about 55% and 25% vapor phase PCDD/Fs passing through the filter cake (adsorbent) are transferred to solid phase at 150 and 200 degrees C, respectively. As the temperature is increased to 250 degrees C, filter cake (adsorbent) cannot effectively adsorb vapor phase PCDD/Fs and significant PCDD/Fs are formed via de novo synthesis.     

HJ-20-2气相防锈剂的研究

考察了HJ-20-2气相防锈剂的溶解度、熔点、堆密度等物理化学性能。以亚硝酸二环剂胺为对比参照物,通过气相防锈甄别试验、气相防锈能力试验、封存试验评价了HJ-20-2气相防锈剂的作用性能,采用密闭空间挥发减量试验考察了其气相挥发能力。采用模拟大气腐蚀状态的电化学测试技术研究其防锈机理,结果表明它是一种对碳钢性能优良的阴极作用型气相防锈剂,对铜等有色金属也有一定的保护作用。     

Field vapor extraction test and long-term monitoring at a PCE contaminated site

The results of a field investigation, vapor extraction tests, and long-term monitoring at a PCE-contaminated site in Saga, Japan, are reported. The field investigation indicated that PCE likely was trapped in a surface clayey sand layer (vadose zone), and soil vapor extraction (SVE) was adopted as the remediation approach. The field test results the effectiveness of SVE in removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated sites. For the case where the radius of influence for an extraction well was 15–20 m, the blower capacity had no obvious effect on the radius of influence possibly due to the short circuiting of air from the ground surface. However, the maximum negative pressure (difference between vapor pressure and ambient pressure) in the extraction well was approximately proportional to blower capacity for the range of blower capacities tested. The long-term monitoring results indicate that PCE concentration varied seasonably, and temperature and rainfall are two of the influencing factors.     

分子筛再生气加热方式的改进

针对20000m3/h空分设备用于加热分子筛再生气的蒸汽加热器运行不稳定,新增1台电加热器,分子筛再生气的加热方式改为蒸汽和电加热并用,保证了空分设备的稳定运行。     

气相防锈无纺布

介绍了新一代气相缓蚀剂包装材料气相防锈无纺布的特点及其应用的研究。     

Fabrication of decorated MgO crystalline fibers

By depositing Mg vapor generated via carbothermal reduction on boron powder in the presence of different additives, dumbbell-like MgO nanofibers, NaCl particle-decorated MgO nanofibers and camphor tree stalk-like MgO fibers were produced. SEM, TEM and EDS analysis showed that the additives of Si and NaCl deposited in the sites of stacking faults in fiber, which resulted in the growth of different morphologies of decorated fibers.