超浅埋隧道下穿市政道路施工沉降分析

现阶段,建设单位对地下空间的利用率不断提高,由于一些地区受到既有建(构)筑物与自然地质的影响,很多新修建的铁路隧道都既有建(构)筑物的特点,因此当前修建铁路隧道时,既要注意建筑过程中的安全事故问题,又要保障既有建(构)筑物的稳定性。本文阐述了超浅埋段施工对修建公路隧道的意义,然后对超浅埋隧道施工方案进行了分析,并对设计超浅埋隧道的重点进行了讨论,研究分析了模拟计算结果,保障了既有建(构)筑物的稳定性。     

盾构隧道近距离侧穿高架桥桥桩风险分析

城市地铁隧道开挖无法避免近距离下穿、侧穿建(构)筑物。为保证地铁隧道开挖及上部建(构)筑物的安全,对地铁隧道开挖过程中既有建(构)筑物桩基结构的变形进行研究是十分必要的。文章以福州地铁某区间盾构近距离侧穿城市道路高架桥桥桩施工为例,采用数值模拟方式分析盾构侧穿高架桥桩所引起的桥桩变形。结果表明:桩基位移计算结果满足高架桥变形控制的允许值,在不采取辅助加固措施下,通过设置侧穿桥梁前试验段,监测桥梁变形情况,根据监测信息及时调整盾构参数,盾构隧道可安全侧穿高架桥桥台桩基。研究结果可供类似地质条件下盾构侧穿桩基风险源参考。     

科技

<正>"邻近建(构)筑物大断面洞桩法隧道沉降控制技术"破解隧道施工技术难题本刊讯日前,由中国建筑所属中建二局研发的"邻近建(构)筑物大断面洞桩法隧道沉降控制技术"有效破解了现有隧道施工方法易使邻近既有建筑物沉降、变形的技术难题,并形成了一套系统完备的建(构)筑物保护措施。该技术主要应用于土木工程的地下隧道建设领域,通过对邻近建(构)筑物及地下管线的风险评估得到允许沉降值和差异沉降值,合理选择不同的隧道施工方法,借助深层注浆、补偿注浆、超前预加固等辅助措施,在确保邻近地下管     

盾构隧道施工地表横纵向沉降变形分析

以广州地铁4号线工程实例为背景,结合盾构法施工地层变形机理以及隧道施工的地表横纵向沉降监测结果,分析总结了盾构隧道施工地表变形规律,为今后类似近距离下穿越既有线路或建(构)筑物的盾构隧道工程的地表沉降控制提供技术参考和指导。     

超大直径盾构近接既有高架桥梁桩基础施工风险分析与控制措施

超大直径盾构隧道近距离穿越既有建(构)筑物基础施工时存在极大风险,以上海长江路越江隧道为工程背景,对该隧道近距离穿越逸仙路高架和轨道交通3号线高架桩基施工过程中存在的风险进行辨识和分析,采用MJS工法在穿越前对高架桥梁桩基进行隔离加固的措施,在穿越过程中通过试验、监测、调整确定出盾构机推进穿越高架桩基时施工参数的建议值,穿越后对桩基础进行监控,直至变形稳定且满足工后变形标准。工程的成功穿越,可为同类型工程超近距离穿越既有建(构)筑物深层基础提供可借鉴的工程经验。     

改善地铁暗挖通道施工对市政管线扰动影响的处理措施

地铁工程往往位于市政管线密集的城市核心区,需考虑地铁施工与建(构)筑物相交且必须穿过既有建(构)筑物时,有效控制建(构)筑物的沉降变形,减少在建工程对既有建(构)筑物的扰动,确保工程安全平稳施工且尽量避免后期安全隐患.针对一出入口通道下穿市政大管径污水管工程实例,通过计算分析,确定一种合理可行的施工方案及措施,为类似工程项目提供参考.     

城市隧道施工穿越建(构)筑物风险管理体系

城市隧道不可避免临近既有建(构)筑物施工,使其结构安全面临较大风险。实施系统化、科学化和规范化的环境安全风险管理,确保建(构)筑物的安全是当前需要重点研究的问题。基于城市地下工程基本力学问题与风险管理目标的分析,结合工程实践,从系统的角度出发,提出了城市隧道施工穿越建(构)筑物安全风险管理的一般程序,具体阐述了其中所包含的建(构)筑物的现状评估和安全性评价、隧道施工方案优化、施工过程控制、过程监测及工后评估和恢复等五个方面的主要工作内容,强调从技术可操作性层面上对建(构)筑物安全性进行系统性控制,由此即构建了隧道施工穿越建(构)筑物安全风险管理体系。该体系已用于指导工程实际,取得了良好效果,也期待在基础理论研究、定量化研究及操作细化等问题上进一步深化和完善。     

超大直径盾构隧道近接穿越条件下克泥效工法对土体及既有结构变形特性影响的研究

超大直径盾构隧道近接穿越施工时,盾体通过阶段上覆土体变形规律及上覆既有建（构）筑物变形控制是目前地下交通工程建设中亟待解决的关键科学问题。采用现场原位监测,揭示了盾体环向间隙克泥效压注对盾构施工影响范围内土体变形的影响规律;结合上海北横通道新建工程Ⅶ标段15.56 m级超大直径盾构隧道近接穿越地铁10号线工程实例,对克泥效工法的上覆建（构）筑物沉降控制效果进行了分析。结果表明：在砂质粉土层中进行盾构法施工时,压注克泥效可有效减小盾体通过阶段地表位移量及地表沉降速率,同时可辅助减小地表工后总位移量;盾体通过阶段地表位移量、地表沉降速率及地表工后总位移量与克泥效压注量近似呈线性负相关;在盾构近接下穿既有隧道施工时,采用克泥效工法可显著提高盾体上方建（构）筑物的隆起量,使建（构）筑物变形控制在-20～+20 mm范围内。以上研究结果有助于推进超大直径盾构隧道近接穿越施工对地表及上覆建（构）筑物变形影响的定量研究,为沿海软土地区相似工况条件下克泥效工法的应用提供依据。     

地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工总体风险评估及其控制

结合成都地铁6号线金府站的工程,采用模糊层次分析(FAHP)法和作业条件危险性评价(LEC)法对地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险进行评估.将风险概率、风险频率和风险损失的评估结果进行量化赋分和评估,通过3个指标的乘积得到车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险值.结果表明,金府站深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险值为374分,风险等级为五级,施工总体风险为极高.针对风险评估结果,分析并总结了降低与控制地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工总体风险的工程措施.     

地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工总体风险评估及其控制

结合成都地铁6号线金府站的工程,采用模糊层次分析(FAHP)法和作业条件危险性评价(LEC)法对地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险进行评估.将风险概率、风险频率和风险损失的评估结果进行量化赋分和评估,通过3个指标的乘积得到车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险值.结果表明,金府站深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工的总体风险值为374分,风险等级为五级,施工总体风险为极高.针对风险评估结果,分析并总结了降低与控制地铁车站明挖深基坑近接既有建(构)筑物施工总体风险的工程措施.     

软土地区盾构掘进对已建隧道影响的研究现状

软土地区盾构近距离穿越已建隧道的工程近年来不断增加,尤其是运营中的地铁隧道其结构安全保护要求很高。在地铁不停运过程中,相邻穿越施工中稍有不慎都可能引发巨大的安全事故。穿越施工对地层及相邻隧道结构扰动的因素众多,机理复杂。本文归纳了国内目前类似施工的控制指标,对该类工程的研究现状、变形机理及影响因素进行了探讨。     

Nordic sub sea tunnel projects

The paper reviews the experience from Nordic sub sea tunnel benchmark projects, with main emphasis on sub sea road tunnels excavated in bedrock. More than 25 such tunnels have been built in the Nordic countries, representing a total length of more than 100 km, and with the majority of the projects located in Norway. The completed projects include tunnels with length up to 7.9 km and depth below the sea level down to 264 m. All these tunnels have been excavated by drill and blast. Important issues concerning investigation, planning, design and construction are described, and important lessons learned from these projects are discussed. Finally, plans for potential future sub sea tunnel projects are presented, representing tunnel lengths of up to 24 km and depths below sea level down to 400 m.     

斯堪的纳维亚硬岩海底隧道工程

论述了北欧海底隧道特别是基岩中开挖的公路隧道的工程经验,目前在北欧已建成25条以上的海底隧道,总长超过100km,大部分在挪威,最长的7.9km,最深的在海平面下264m。所有这些隧道都是用钻爆法进行开挖的。同时,叙述了勘探、规划、设计和施工等诸方面的重要问题,讨论了从这些工程中的经验教训。最后,介绍了规划中的海底隧道,包括长24km、埋深400m的2条隧道。相应地,介绍了其他北欧国家的海底隧道,这些隧道大多也是根据挪威海底隧道的经验进行设计和施工的。     

既有地下结构受下穿施工影响的力学响应与安全控制研究

北京地区下穿工程中,新建隧道断面及施工方法种类众多、地层条件复杂、既有结构形式多样,有极其复杂的组合关系,目前尚无对既有结构力学响应的系统分析。通过北京地区13个下穿工程案例,总结了新建隧道结构形式及施工措施,明确既有地下结构变形特点,采用两阶段法分析及预测了各因素影响下既有地下结构的力学响应。研究表明:(1)新建隧道包括市政管道、地铁区间及车站,常见的施工方法有多导洞法、台阶法,洞桩托换法和中洞法,新建隧道开挖面积与施工方法有较明确的对应关系。(2)既有地下结构实测最大沉降概率分布符合数学期望4.89,方差16.4的正态分布。其中,新建市政管道、地铁区间和地铁车站下穿施工引起的既有地下结构平均最大沉降分别为2.56,3.82,11.07 mm。(3)根据新旧隧道空间位置关系的不同,穿越工程可分为7种组合,其中,既有地下结构力学响应有V,U,W 3种模式。(4)严格控制新建隧道开挖面积,不留或少留间隔土,尽可能选择W型穿越模式,以此减小对既有地下结构的扰动。     

Soft ground tunnelling in Egypt: Geotechnical challenges and expectations

Several large projects of tunnels and underground structures were executed in Egypt during the past 15 years. It is expected that these specialized construction activities will continue at similar rate during the next ten years to complete the existing plans of new infrastructures. Furthermore, the growing solidarity to improve, or at least maintain, the quality of urban environment will require moving more services below ground surface in the near future. For instance, more active utilization of underground space is badly needed for solving traffic problems and for expanding the limited available space for car parking within the congested urban areas. The majority of recently completed underground developments in Egypt were built through water bearing soft ground. For underground works, these subsurface conditions are considered problematic. Design guidelines and construction specifications of most of these tunnels and underground structures also demand preserving the surrounding buildings and other structures. Hence, several new construction technologies had to be utilized, for the first time in Egypt, to deal with these difficult tasks and constrains. Extensive studies have been conducted before and during the implementation of these subsurface projects. The methodology of coupling in-situ monitoring programs with sophisticated numerical modelling proved to be the most realistic scientific approach to document the geotechnical performance of these projects. The compiled results from these studies have provided a reliable base for detailed quantitative assessment of various construction techniques under the existing subsurface conditions. In this contribution, some of the main findings of the studies performed on recent soft ground tunnelling projects in Egypt are presented. The discussion is focused on some of the challenges facing geotechnical engineers during the implementation of these specialized projects in Egypt. Recommendations for the needed improvements in the currently used design tools and construction techniques are also offered.     

Tunnelling projects in Southern Africa

Until some thirty years ago tunnelling in southern Africa for civil engineering purposes had been on a relatively small scale and of a sporadic nature. The first major tunnel to be built in the region was the 82 km long Orange-Fish Tunnel. Since 1970 more than 175 tunnels with an aggregate length of just over 400 km have been built. Much of the first phase of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which will have more than 100 km of tunnels, is about to be completed. The last thirty years represent the busiest period of tunnelling by civil engineers that southern Africa has ever known. The paper starts by summarising the early history of tunnelling in the region, and goes onto describe recent and current tunnelling projects. It also gives an indication of the possible demand for tunnels in the future.     

新建隧道施工对既有隧道影响的试验研究

通过新宝塔山隧道施工过程对既有宝塔山隧道的影响进行了数值模拟,并实测了新隧道开挖过程中既有隧道衬砌结构的变形和衬砌混凝土的应变变化情况。数值模拟结果和现场实测数据表明,既有隧道衬砌结构的变形和衬砌混凝土的应变变化较小,新隧道施工对既有隧道影响不明显,对后续工程施工有指导意义。     

双线隧道开挖对邻近隧道影响的两阶段分析方法

随着我国很多大城市地铁隧道的兴建,大多数隧道设计施工方案都采用双线平行盾构法或暗挖法施工。在地下空间越来越拥挤的城市地区,最重要的研究问题是新建双线平行隧道对既有隧道产生的影响问题。合理预测双线平行隧道施工穿越既有隧道引起的变形是确保既有隧道结构安全和新建双线平行盾构的顺利掘进的关键。考虑新建双线平行隧道施工中对周边土层和既有隧道产生的叠加效应,提出了预测新建隧道引起的邻近隧道纵向变形的两阶段分析方法。首先,考虑新建双线平行隧道引起地层位移的不对称性,计算新建双线平行隧道开挖作用在既有隧道上引起的广义附加荷载。然后,将既有隧道考虑为Pasternak 地基上的Euler-Bernoulli梁,基于 Galerkin 法求解既有隧道纵向变形影响的基本微分方程。通过与工程沉降实测数据进行对比,验证该文提出的预测方法的合理性和结果的准确性。     

砂质黄土地层中既有隧道上方挖方离心模型试验研究

以既有隧道上方挖方工程为背景,运用离心模型试验方法,研究了砂质黄土地层中既有隧道衬砌围岩压力在上方挖方时的变化规律:提出根据衬砌和围岩是否按刚度分配荷载划分深浅埋、以及是否存在挟持力划分浅埋与超浅埋的标准,得到了1.25D~1.75D(D为既有隧道跨度)为深埋和浅埋的分界埋深范围,0.75D~1.25D为浅埋和超浅埋的分界埋深范围;同时发现既有隧道衬砌刚度越大,承载拱范围越小,即刚性支护承载拱边界为1.5D,柔性支护承载拱边界为1.8D;并提出基于衬砌围岩压力相对比例的近接影响分区控制标准,得到刚性支护的强影响区、弱影响区和无影响区分界埋深分别为1.5D,2D,柔性支护的强影响区、弱影响区和无影响区分界埋深分别为1.5D,2.5D;对比0.5D和0.3D挖方步距,发现步距会造成挖方过程中围岩应力路径的差异,施工时宜选用0.3D或更小的挖方步距。试验揭露了砂质黄土地层中既有隧道受上方挖方影响的普遍规律,成果可为类似工程提供借鉴和指导。     

Roughness evaluation in shotcrete-lined water tunnels with invert concrete based on cases from Nepal

Most of the existing roughness estimation methods for water tunnels are related to either unlined or concrete/steel-lined tunnels. With the improvement in shotcrete technology, advancement in tunneling equipment and cost and time effectiveness, future water tunnels built for hydropower projects will consist of rock support with the extensive use of shotcrete lining in combination with systematic bolting and concrete lining in the tunnel invert. However, very little research has been performed to find out tunnel surface roughness for shotcrete-lined tunnels with invert concrete, which is important in calculating overall head loss along the waterway system to achieve an optimum and economic hydropower plant design. Hence, the main aim of this article is to review prevailing methods available to calculate tunnel wall roughness, and to use existing methods of head loss calculation to back-calculate roughness of the shotcrete-lined tunnels with invert concrete by exploiting measured head loss and actual cross-sectional profiles of two headrace tunnels from Nepal. Furthermore, the article aims to establish a link between the Manning coefficient and the physical roughness of the shotcrete-lined tunnel with invert concrete and to establish a link between over-break thickness and physical roughness. Attempts are also made to find a correlation between over-break thickness and rock mass quality described by Q-system and discussions are conducted on the potential cost savings that can be made if concrete lining is replaced by shotcrete lining with invert concrete.