基于分形递归算法的树木真实感绘制

快速真实地模拟树在风中的摇曳一直是计算机图形学中的一个挑战性问题,作为自然场景的重要组成部分,树木的真实感模拟也得到人们的广泛重视.树木种类繁多,形态各异,复杂的结构使其无论在造形、存储还是在绘制上都存在着相当的困难.大多数园林设计软件很难构建模型参数可变的三维树.研究了一种简易的基于分形递归算法的建模方法,利用过程参数控制树的摇曳,使模型的真实感更强,变形计算更容易,得到了令人满意的实验效果.     

Rendering realistic spectral bokeh due to lens stops and aberrations

Creating bokeh effect in synthesized images can improve photorealism and emphasize interesting subjects. Therefore, we present a novel method for rendering realistic bokeh effects, especially chromatic effects, which are absent for existing methods. This new method refers to two key techniques: an accurate dispersive lens model and an efficient spectral rendering scheme. This lens model is implemented based on optical data of real lenses and considers wavelength dependency of physical lenses by introducing a sequential dispersive ray tracing algorithm inside this model. This spectral rendering scheme is proposed to support rendering of lens dispersion and integration between this new model and bidirectional ray tracing. The rendering experiments demonstrate that our method is able to simulate realistic spectral bokeh effects caused by lens stops and aberrations, especially chromatic aberration, and feature high rendering efficiency.     

Realistic rendering with turbulent flows

This paper focuses on realistic rendering of scenes which include turbulent flows. In this respect we suggest solving the Navier–Stokes equations through a simple approach which offers better steadiness than classical methods. Then we adapt a ray‐tracing algorithm to treat convection motions by deflecting ray paths: we obtain effects of rendering through heat. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Realistic rendering and animation of knitwear

We present a framework for knitwear modeling and rendering that accounts for characteristics that are particular to knitted fabrics. We first describe a model for animation that considers knitwear features and their effects on knitwear shape and interaction. With the computed free-form knitwear configurations, we present an efficient procedure for realistic synthesis based on the observation that a single cross section of yarn can serve as the basic primitive for modeling entire articles of knitwear. This primitive, called the lumislice, describes radiance from a yarn cross section that accounts for fine-level interactions among yarn fibers. By representing yarn as a sequence of identical but rotated cross sections, the lumislice can effectively propagate local microstructure over arbitrary stitch patterns and knitwear shapes. The lumislice accommodates varying levels of detail, allows for soft shadow generation, and capitalizes on hardware-assisted transparency blending. These modeling and rendering techniques together form a complete approach for generating realistic knitwear.     

三维地形场景的真实感绘制

三维地形场景的真实感绘制追求的两个目标是绘制的逼真度和绘制的实时性,需要在不明显降低图像质量的条件下保持较高的交互帧速率。为了满足实时性的需求,采用连续LOD算法和其它技术来加速地形绘制：为了满足逼真度的需求,采用SAR图像进行纹理映射,采用光照映射实现场景照明和明暗处理。     

真实感水力侵蚀地形建模与绘制

水力侵蚀地表是现实生活及虚拟场景中常见的一种自然现象。为研究水力对地表 的侵蚀现象,提出一种采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)模拟流体对地形表面的湿润以及侵蚀过程 的真实感仿真模型。通过对自然界中真实溅蚀现象进行合理简化描述,建立一种包含 3 个阶段 的地形水力溅蚀模型：首先,利用弹丸冲击平板靶材变形模型模拟水流冲击地表变形效果;其 次,构建基于达西定律的水流渗透量计算方法以确保地表吸水与水分扩散的真实性;最后,提 出将地表湿润度因素对地表侵蚀的影响考虑在内的新型计算模型,实现与冲蚀相融合模拟积水 继续运动对地表冲蚀作用。实验结果表明,该模型能够真实地模拟出不同方向的水流对地表的 侵蚀效果以及侵蚀过程中地表吸水与湿润扩散现象。     

R4: Realistic rain rendering in realtime

Realistic rain simulation is a challenging problem due to the variety of different phenomena to consider. In this paper we propose a new rain rendering algorithm that extends present state of the art in the field, achieving real-time rendering of rain streaks and splashes with complex illumination effects, along with fog, halos and light glows as hints of the participating media. Our algorithm creates particles in the scene using an artist-defined storm distribution (e.g., provided as a 2D cloud distribution). Unlike previous algorithms, no restrictions are imposed on the rain area dimension or shape. Our technique adaptively samples the storm area to simulate rain particles only in the relevant regions and only around the observer. Particle simulation is executed entirely in the graphics hardware, by placing the particles at their updated coordinates at each time-step, also checking for collisions with the scene. To render the rain streaks, we use precomputed images and combine them to achieve complex illumination effects. Several optimizations are introduced to render realistic rain with virtually millions of falling rain droplets.     

半透明三维物体表面光泽真实感实时渲染方法

针对具有半透明特性玉石的真实感渲染问题,提出一种利用高光层、漫反射层、透射层三层光照模型叠加的解决方法。首先对散射层结合漫反射剖面来模拟半透明玉石的次表面散射效果,提出一种可改变漫反射剖面的散射方法,表达不同种类玉石漫反射剖面的特点;然后对透射层利用预计算的本地厚度贴图结合高斯线性和,实现基于表面厚度光的透射效果,再在能量守恒的基础上与基于微平面的高光反射项进行叠加,得到一个基于三层光照模型的真实感半透明材质表现。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能实现不同种类半透明玉石真实感渲染,且在片面数达160万时可保证30帧/秒的实时效率。     

Realistic real-time rendering of light shafts using blur filter: considering the effect of shadow maps

The ray marching method has become the most attractive method to provide realism in rendering the effects of light scattering in the participating media of numerous applications. This has attracted significant attention from scientific community. Up-sampling of ray marching method is suitable for rendering light shafts of realistic scenes, but suffers of consume a lot of time for rendering. Therefore, some encouraging outcomes have been achieved by using down-sampling of ray marching approach to accelerate rendered scenes. However, these methods are inherently prone to artifacts, aliasing and incorrect boundaries due to the reduced number of sample points along view rays. This research proposes a realistic real-time technique to generate soft light shafts by making use downsampling of ray marching in generating light shafts. The bilateral filtering is then applied to overcome all defects that caused by downsampling process to make a scene with smoothing transition while preserving on the edges. The contribution of this technique is to improve the boundaries of light shafts taking into account the effect of shadows. This technique allows obtaining soft marvelous light shafts, having a good performance and high quality. Thus, it is suitable for interactive applications.

     

基于PBO的地形绘制

为了进一步解放CPU,以便更多地去利用GPU的性能,提出了一种基于PBO的地形绘制.该地形绘制在Geomipmapping地形绘制算法的基础上引入了PBO,其过程是纹理在CPU的控制下直接被送到PBO,在GPU的控制下再从PBO把数据复制到纹理对象.同时为了适应PBO的异步传输机制,引入了双PBO机制.实验结果表明,基于PBO的地形绘制不但充分利用了GPU的性能,同时也极大程度地解放了CPU,使CPU能直接进行其它的工作,基于PBO的地形绘制算法符合当前以GPU为核心的地形绘制.     

Realistic haptic rendering of interacting deformable objects in virtual environments

A new computer haptics algorithm to be used in general interactive manipulations of deformable virtual objects is presented. In multimodal interactive simulations, haptic feedback computation often comes from contact forces. Subsequently, the fidelity of haptic rendering depends significantly on contact space modeling. Contact and friction laws between deformable models are often simplified in up to date methods. They do not allow a "realistic" rendering of the subtleties of contact space physical phenomena (such as slip and stick effects due to friction or mechanical coupling between contacts). In this paper, we use Signorini's contact law and Coulomb's friction law as a computer haptics basis. Real-time performance is made possible thanks to a linearization of the behavior in the contact space, formulated as the so-called Delassus operator, and iteratively solved by a Gauss-Seidel type algorithm. Dynamic deformation uses corotational global formulation to obtain the Delassus operator in which the mass and stiffness ratio are dissociated from the simulation time step. This last point is crucial to keep stable haptic feedback. This global approach has been packaged, implemented, and tested. Stable and realistic 6D haptic feedback is demonstrated through a clipping task experiment.     

基于平行坐标的多个体绘制参数的优化调节*

提出基于平行坐标概念的参数控制平台来对体绘制中多个参数进行优化调节的方法。参数控制平台提供了一种调节和控制绘制参数的简单而有效的界面,它能把所有相关参数组织在一个空间,并且给用户同时显示所有参数配置的一个视图。用户可以在参数控制平台记录不同的历史绘制参数,并在一个空间对不同的参数进行比较,用户还可以重组不同的优化参数以生成新的绘制。参数控制平台有效地提高了用户对多个绘制参数进行优化调节的效率。     

基于GPU的动态头发渲染

运用模拟头发运动的系统计算头发阴影的阴影生成算法和一个通过每一串头发来模拟光线散射的发射模型,就可以创建出极其真实的头发影像。渲染结果表明,利用以上方法可以渲染出极其逼真的头发。     

基于GPU图像直接体绘制算法分析与评价

近年来计算机图形硬件性能不断提高,利用硬件来实现体绘制过程中的某些环节以获取交互的绘制速率成为可能,是目前体绘制的研究热点。描述了基于GPU的光线投射法、2D纹理映射法和3D纹理映射法等典型算法,给出了各类算法的分析与性能评价,最后实现相关算法并得出实验结果。     

Realistic rendering of an organ surface in real-time for laparoscopic surgery simulation

Published online: 23 April 2002     

Haptic rendering based on spatial run-length encoding

In this paper, an extendable volumetric representation based on run-lengths called spatial run-length encoding (S-RLE) is presented. The S-RLE representation is developed for a haptic shape modeling system that is based on simulated machining processes. In the system, shape modeling is simulated as virtual material removal processes similar to machining processes with volume-based haptic rendering. The object and the tools are represented by S-RLE. The data structure of S-RLE consists of two cross-referenced databases: one is a stack of lists in geometrical domain, recording the runs describing the space occupation of the object; the other is a table in physical domain, describing the physical properties of each element. The latter is extendable to include more diverse physical properties such as parts composed of heterogeneous materials. Algorithms for geometric operations and haptic rendering based on S-RLE are developed. The proposed S-RLE data structure has the features of efficient memory usage, quick collision detection, inherent representation for heterogeneous objects, and fast visual rendering.     

基于表面微结构与BRDF的真实感渲染

物体表面细微结构(Mesostructure)对于表现物体表面的形状起着非常重要的作用。如何有效表现物体的表面微结构一直都是计算机图形学领域研究的一个重要课题。文中提出了一种基于光线跟踪的表面微结构渲染方法。该方法通过首先构造一张表面微结构的网格,然后在该网格上进行光线跟踪决定表面微结构上的自阴影和遮挡,最后使用测量得到的BRDF数据确定表面在不同视角和光线角度下的反射系数,能很真实地渲染出物体表面的细微结构和光泽特性。     

基于硬件加速的纹理映射体绘制

介绍了体绘制的概念及其在计算机绘图中的重要性。提出了利用图形显示卡的相关性纹理和多重纹理映射功能对三维纹理进行有效改进的新算法,研究了该算法在体绘制中的应用,结果表明,它在快速、准确重建和交互性方面具有优势,对于提高体绘制的效率具有重要的意义。     

一种基于OGRE图形引擎的实时分布式渲染系统

虚拟现实的实时交互得到了越来越广泛地应用,实时分布式渲染有效地解决了普通PC机渲染的时间瓶颈问题,提高了系统实时渲染性能和输出分辨率。在对分布式渲染原理研究分析的基础上,依据设计模式的思想,设计了一种基于Sort-First结构的实时分布式渲染框架和同步机制,并在实践中应用OGRE图形引擎实现了该系统。