基于分形递归算法的树木真实感绘制

快速真实地模拟树在风中的摇曳一直是计算机图形学中的一个挑战性问题,作为自然场景的重要组成部分,树木的真实感模拟也得到人们的广泛重视.树木种类繁多,形态各异,复杂的结构使其无论在造形、存储还是在绘制上都存在着相当的困难.大多数园林设计软件很难构建模型参数可变的三维树.研究了一种简易的基于分形递归算法的建模方法,利用过程参数控制树的摇曳,使模型的真实感更强,变形计算更容易,得到了令人满意的实验效果.     

Rendering realistic spectral bokeh due to lens stops and aberrations

Creating bokeh effect in synthesized images can improve photorealism and emphasize interesting subjects. Therefore, we present a novel method for rendering realistic bokeh effects, especially chromatic effects, which are absent for existing methods. This new method refers to two key techniques: an accurate dispersive lens model and an efficient spectral rendering scheme. This lens model is implemented based on optical data of real lenses and considers wavelength dependency of physical lenses by introducing a sequential dispersive ray tracing algorithm inside this model. This spectral rendering scheme is proposed to support rendering of lens dispersion and integration between this new model and bidirectional ray tracing. The rendering experiments demonstrate that our method is able to simulate realistic spectral bokeh effects caused by lens stops and aberrations, especially chromatic aberration, and feature high rendering efficiency.     

Realistic rendering with turbulent flows

This paper focuses on realistic rendering of scenes which include turbulent flows. In this respect we suggest solving the Navier–Stokes equations through a simple approach which offers better steadiness than classical methods. Then we adapt a ray‐tracing algorithm to treat convection motions by deflecting ray paths: we obtain effects of rendering through heat. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Realistic rendering and animation of knitwear

We present a framework for knitwear modeling and rendering that accounts for characteristics that are particular to knitted fabrics. We first describe a model for animation that considers knitwear features and their effects on knitwear shape and interaction. With the computed free-form knitwear configurations, we present an efficient procedure for realistic synthesis based on the observation that a single cross section of yarn can serve as the basic primitive for modeling entire articles of knitwear. This primitive, called the lumislice, describes radiance from a yarn cross section that accounts for fine-level interactions among yarn fibers. By representing yarn as a sequence of identical but rotated cross sections, the lumislice can effectively propagate local microstructure over arbitrary stitch patterns and knitwear shapes. The lumislice accommodates varying levels of detail, allows for soft shadow generation, and capitalizes on hardware-assisted transparency blending. These modeling and rendering techniques together form a complete approach for generating realistic knitwear.     

三维地形场景的真实感绘制

三维地形场景的真实感绘制追求的两个目标是绘制的逼真度和绘制的实时性,需要在不明显降低图像质量的条件下保持较高的交互帧速率。为了满足实时性的需求,采用连续LOD算法和其它技术来加速地形绘制：为了满足逼真度的需求,采用SAR图像进行纹理映射,采用光照映射实现场景照明和明暗处理。     

R4: Realistic rain rendering in realtime

Realistic rain simulation is a challenging problem due to the variety of different phenomena to consider. In this paper we propose a new rain rendering algorithm that extends present state of the art in the field, achieving real-time rendering of rain streaks and splashes with complex illumination effects, along with fog, halos and light glows as hints of the participating media. Our algorithm creates particles in the scene using an artist-defined storm distribution (e.g., provided as a 2D cloud distribution). Unlike previous algorithms, no restrictions are imposed on the rain area dimension or shape. Our technique adaptively samples the storm area to simulate rain particles only in the relevant regions and only around the observer. Particle simulation is executed entirely in the graphics hardware, by placing the particles at their updated coordinates at each time-step, also checking for collisions with the scene. To render the rain streaks, we use precomputed images and combine them to achieve complex illumination effects. Several optimizations are introduced to render realistic rain with virtually millions of falling rain droplets.     

基于PBO的地形绘制

为了进一步解放CPU,以便更多地去利用GPU的性能,提出了一种基于PBO的地形绘制.该地形绘制在Geomipmapping地形绘制算法的基础上引入了PBO,其过程是纹理在CPU的控制下直接被送到PBO,在GPU的控制下再从PBO把数据复制到纹理对象.同时为了适应PBO的异步传输机制,引入了双PBO机制.实验结果表明,基于PBO的地形绘制不但充分利用了GPU的性能,同时也极大程度地解放了CPU,使CPU能直接进行其它的工作,基于PBO的地形绘制算法符合当前以GPU为核心的地形绘制.     

Realistic real-time rendering of light shafts using blur filter: considering the effect of shadow maps

The ray marching method has become the most attractive method to provide realism in rendering the effects of light scattering in the participating media of numerous applications. This has attracted significant attention from scientific community. Up-sampling of ray marching method is suitable for rendering light shafts of realistic scenes, but suffers of consume a lot of time for rendering. Therefore, some encouraging outcomes have been achieved by using down-sampling of ray marching approach to accelerate rendered scenes. However, these methods are inherently prone to artifacts, aliasing and incorrect boundaries due to the reduced number of sample points along view rays. This research proposes a realistic real-time technique to generate soft light shafts by making use downsampling of ray marching in generating light shafts. The bilateral filtering is then applied to overcome all defects that caused by downsampling process to make a scene with smoothing transition while preserving on the edges. The contribution of this technique is to improve the boundaries of light shafts taking into account the effect of shadows. This technique allows obtaining soft marvelous light shafts, having a good performance and high quality. Thus, it is suitable for interactive applications.

     

Realistic haptic rendering of interacting deformable objects in virtual environments

A new computer haptics algorithm to be used in general interactive manipulations of deformable virtual objects is presented. In multimodal interactive simulations, haptic feedback computation often comes from contact forces. Subsequently, the fidelity of haptic rendering depends significantly on contact space modeling. Contact and friction laws between deformable models are often simplified in up to date methods. They do not allow a "realistic" rendering of the subtleties of contact space physical phenomena (such as slip and stick effects due to friction or mechanical coupling between contacts). In this paper, we use Signorini's contact law and Coulomb's friction law as a computer haptics basis. Real-time performance is made possible thanks to a linearization of the behavior in the contact space, formulated as the so-called Delassus operator, and iteratively solved by a Gauss-Seidel type algorithm. Dynamic deformation uses corotational global formulation to obtain the Delassus operator in which the mass and stiffness ratio are dissociated from the simulation time step. This last point is crucial to keep stable haptic feedback. This global approach has been packaged, implemented, and tested. Stable and realistic 6D haptic feedback is demonstrated through a clipping task experiment.     

基于GPU的动态头发渲染

运用模拟头发运动的系统计算头发阴影的阴影生成算法和一个通过每一串头发来模拟光线散射的发射模型,就可以创建出极其真实的头发影像。渲染结果表明,利用以上方法可以渲染出极其逼真的头发。     

基于平行坐标的多个体绘制参数的优化调节*

提出基于平行坐标概念的参数控制平台来对体绘制中多个参数进行优化调节的方法。参数控制平台提供了一种调节和控制绘制参数的简单而有效的界面,它能把所有相关参数组织在一个空间,并且给用户同时显示所有参数配置的一个视图。用户可以在参数控制平台记录不同的历史绘制参数,并在一个空间对不同的参数进行比较,用户还可以重组不同的优化参数以生成新的绘制。参数控制平台有效地提高了用户对多个绘制参数进行优化调节的效率。     

基于GPU图像直接体绘制算法分析与评价

近年来计算机图形硬件性能不断提高,利用硬件来实现体绘制过程中的某些环节以获取交互的绘制速率成为可能,是目前体绘制的研究热点。描述了基于GPU的光线投射法、2D纹理映射法和3D纹理映射法等典型算法,给出了各类算法的分析与性能评价,最后实现相关算法并得出实验结果。     

基于硬件加速的纹理映射体绘制

介绍了体绘制的概念及其在计算机绘图中的重要性。提出了利用图形显示卡的相关性纹理和多重纹理映射功能对三维纹理进行有效改进的新算法,研究了该算法在体绘制中的应用,结果表明,它在快速、准确重建和交互性方面具有优势,对于提高体绘制的效率具有重要的意义。     

基于表面微结构与BRDF的真实感渲染

物体表面细微结构(Mesostructure)对于表现物体表面的形状起着非常重要的作用。如何有效表现物体的表面微结构一直都是计算机图形学领域研究的一个重要课题。文中提出了一种基于光线跟踪的表面微结构渲染方法。该方法通过首先构造一张表面微结构的网格,然后在该网格上进行光线跟踪决定表面微结构上的自阴影和遮挡,最后使用测量得到的BRDF数据确定表面在不同视角和光线角度下的反射系数,能很真实地渲染出物体表面的细微结构和光泽特性。     

一种基于OGRE图形引擎的实时分布式渲染系统

虚拟现实的实时交互得到了越来越广泛地应用,实时分布式渲染有效地解决了普通PC机渲染的时间瓶颈问题,提高了系统实时渲染性能和输出分辨率。在对分布式渲染原理研究分析的基础上,依据设计模式的思想,设计了一种基于Sort-First结构的实时分布式渲染框架和同步机制,并在实践中应用OGRE图形引擎实现了该系统。     

Realistic rendering of an organ surface in real-time for laparoscopic surgery simulation

Published online: 23 April 2002     

工业CT数据场面绘制和体绘制改进算法研究

工业CT图像的重建速度和精度是工业CT产品的两个重要指标。针对面绘制的MC算法提出了一种基于相似性区域分割的三维工业图像表面重建算法,实现了准确分割,并利用分割结果精确地提取等值面,显著提高了检测效率;针对体绘制的光线投射算法提出了一种基于二维最大熵阈值的分割预处理方法,利用二维直方图熵最大化寻找阈值的最佳组合,能有效减少重建体数据量,实测数据表明体绘制速度明显提高。     

KD-tree based parallel adaptive rendering

Multidimensional adaptive sampling technique is crucial for generating high quality images with effects such as motion blur, depth-of-field and soft shadows, but it costs a lot of memory and computation time. We propose a novel kd-tree based parallel adaptive rendering approach. First, a?two-level framework for adaptive sampling in parallel is introduced to reduce the computation time and control the memory cost: in the prepare stage, we coarsely sample the entire multidimensional space and use kd-tree structure to separate it into several multidimensional subspaces; in the main stage, each subspace is refined by a sub kd-tree and rendered in parallel. Second, novel kd-tree based strategies are introduced to measure space’s error value and generate anisotropic Poisson disk samples. The experimental results show that our algorithm produces better quality images than previous ones.     

基于一种新模型的交互式体绘制算法的研究

交互式体绘制算法基于一个新的可视化模型。目的是研究一种快速预览技术，在可视化内部结构时不需要专门的耗时巨大的转换函数。用两个参数来控制一个非常简单的绘制模型。交互旋转技术不需要任何特殊的硬件支持，所以可以广泛应用在低配置的电脑上。