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基于多机器人的运动控制平台在刚体对接系统中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对刚体对接系统,引入虚拟分段概念,分段位姿测量技术.在统一的世界坐标框架内,建立了平台的运动学模型,导出了多机器人的协调运动方案.该方案在基于多机器人的运动平台控制中具有广泛的适用性. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种基于视觉误差反馈的自主对接方法,传统的视觉姿态估计方法是依靠先看后动一步完成的,没有利用视的误差反馈信息,而本文提出的方法根据目标器特征点的相机成像位置与理想位置的差来调整目标器的位置和姿态,它可根据误差大小情况进行多步调整,能实现六个自由度的自主对接,实验证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对水下场景水下机器人(AUV)位姿数据集难以获取、现有的基于深度学习的位姿估计方法无法应用的问题,提出了一种基于合成数据的AUV视觉定位方法。首先基于Unity3D仿真搭建虚拟水下场景,通过虚拟相机获取仿真环境下已知的渲染位姿数据。其次,通过非配对图像转换工作实现渲染图片到真实水下场景下的风格迁移,结合已知渲染图片的位姿信息得到了合成的水下位姿数据集。最后,提出一种基于局部区域关键点投影的卷积神经网络(CNN)位姿估计方法,并基于合成数据训练网络,预测已知参考角点的2维投影,产生2D-3D点对,基于随机一致性采样的Perspective-n-Point(PnP)算法获得相对位置和姿态。本文在渲染数据集以及合成数据集上进行了定量实验,并在真实水下场景进行了定性实验,论证了所提出方法的有效性。实验结果表明,非配对图像转换能够有效消除渲染图像与真实水下图像之间的差距,所提出的局部区域关键点投影方法可以进行更有效的6D位姿估计。 相似文献
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为了解决机器人系统工具端定位精度不高的问题,提出一种基于二维码修正机器人系统的位姿估计方法。通过机器人系统获取的地面定位修正二维码图像信息,计算出机器人系统实际位置与机器人示教位置的转换矩阵,并利用转换矩阵生成新的工件坐标系,按照新的工件坐标系移动机器人系统,到达修正后的目标位置。该方法使机器人工具端达到了高精度定位,修正了机器人系统的位姿偏差,精度可达到0.5 mm。 相似文献
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为了适应环境的复杂性和多样性,增强机器人抓取任务的鲁棒性,本文从3D目标跟踪算法出发,提出了一种实现机器人手眼协调的新方法。该方法采用改进的基于区域的位姿追踪算法同时跟踪机械臂夹持器和目标物体的位姿,根据二者的相对位置关系引导机械臂运动。对基于区域的位姿跟踪算法,本文提出根据局部区域分割线构建分割模型并改进模型颜色似然的线性更新方式,使得算法能够准确跟踪机械臂夹持器与目标物体。基于ROS平台搭建了一套仿真实验环境,并分别在仿真环境和真实环境下验证了此手眼协调系统的有效性和鲁棒性。这种方式不仅不需要手眼标定,更接近于人类“Sensor-Actor”带反馈的闭环控制方式,同时赋予了机器人足够的灵活性来应对弹性的任务和多变的环境。 相似文献
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空中加油作为增加飞行器续航能力的一种有效手段,正受到越来越多的关注和研究,而具有低成本、无源性等优点的视觉导航技术为自动空中加油的实现提供了可靠的解决方案。首先介绍了空中加油的基本概念,包括软、硬两种不同方式以及从交会到脱离的过程;然后以加油锥套、受油接口、飞行器机体三种不同的研究主体为切入点,梳理了针对自动空中加油问题的视觉定位解决方案,着重阐述了其中基于视觉的检测跟踪和位姿估计过程,总结了其中可用的视觉定位算法;最后讨论了当前该领域待解决的问题,并展望未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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本文首先对机器人运动规划算法中的栅格扩展策略及次序规划法进行了探讨,并提
出了相应的改进方法,在此基础上提出了一种新的机器人运动规划策略——基于位姿空间栅
格扩展及变维空间搜索算法,该算法可有效地在复杂环境中找出无碰撞路径. 相似文献
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针对多机器人搜集任务中可能出现的任务死锁现象,采用基于组合拍卖的方法来解决这一问题。提出了一种拍卖树方法,用来解决组合拍卖计算量过大的问题。仿真实验结果表明该方法不仅能够消除多机器人的任务死锁,而且能够在解决死锁问题的同时优化多机器人任务分配结果。 相似文献
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研究带有未知参数的非完整移动机器人的镇定问题. 基于已有不确定非完整链式模型, 运用辅助变量法和控制输入法分别设计控制器, 使系统状态指数收敛. 所提出的两种控制器不仅克服了对系统初始状态的限制, 而且具有高度的统一性. 仿真结果验证了两种控制方法的有效性.
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Kiwon YeomAuthor Vitae Ji-Hyung ParkAuthor Vitae 《Future Generation Computer Systems》2012,28(3):533-543
This paper describes a novel approach for managing self-organizing, distributed modular components in dynamically changing environments. The main concept is to fabricate a system which is composed of dynamically associated modular agents, that can migrate and reorganize by itself while the system is being executed. Association between modular agents can be varied and transmuted according to components’ own migration schemes including deployment based on biological processes. This paper presents a self-organizable architecture, which can reorganize and reconfigure a system based on modular agents. It is contrived through observation of biological phenomena, and implements a platform to host the architecture in dynamically changing environments. We draw several key features of the modular agents, describe the principles of the modular agent based self-organizable framework, and depict how the proposed framework satisfies the functional requirements of network applications, which are made of several agents. We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the framework through examining some simulation results. 相似文献
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声波具有良好的穿透性与较广的波长范围,能够突破传统光镊、磁镊、微流控技术的操控颗粒尺寸限制,因此非接触超声操控技术成为研究热点之一.为克服传统驻波声镊的应用局限性,深入探讨基于单面全息声镊系统实现的毫米级颗粒轨迹操控技术.根据Twin声阱模型提出求解相应相位矩阵的快速实现算法,以保证后续轨迹操控的实时性;根据被控颗粒受力模型及自平衡时长设定轨迹操控策略,以保证操控的稳定性;为确保声镊系统驱动信号的同步性,基于处理器FPGA设计相应复用电路;为提升实际轨迹的准确性,基于FPGA实时视觉测量功能实现闭环反馈.实验通过所设计的声镊系统成功完成直径3mm聚苯乙烯小球的正方形轨迹移动操控.结果表明,所提出系统声场生成和视觉检测计算效率高,轨迹操控快速同步,实时可靠,轨迹形状与目标轨迹一致性好. 相似文献
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In a highly connected World, network security is a must even for embedded systems. However, cryptographic algorithms are computationally intensive and the processors used in FPGA-based embedded systems are known to have a modest performance. In fact, this paper presents a study showing that unless HW acceleration is used, the throughput of secure applications on FPGA-based embedded systems is poor when compared to the current networking standards. But the multi-algorithm nature of most applications poses many difficulties to classic HW acceleration, particularly large area utilization and difficulty in supporting new algorithms. Fortunately, these problems can be easily solved using partial run-time reconfiguration. This paper proposes an architecture based on self-reconfiguration that allows the implementation of hardware accelerated secure applications in FPGA-based embedded systems. Cryptographic coprocessors are efficiently deployed without incurring in the problems mentioned above, and moreover, without needing any external components. To prove the feasibility of this proposal, a proof-of-concept implementation of the well-known SSH application has been developed in a low-cost commercial device running a standard operating system. 相似文献
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目的 人类视觉系统性能远超当前机器视觉,模拟人类视觉机制改进当前算法是有效研究途径,为此提出一种视觉感知正反馈模型,通过循环迭代、重复叠加视觉刺激生成更符合人类感知的视觉显著性图。方法 首先用多种常规方法检测图像显著度,模拟人类视觉多通道特性,再组合这些显著图为综合显著图;利用显著度大的像素构建初始注视区。其次借助集成RVFL(随机向量功能网络)模拟人脑神经网络产生视觉刺激,对注视与非注视区内像素在线“随机采样—学习建模”,图像像素经模型分类获得新注视区。对新注视区与非注视区,可重复迭代进行“随机采样—学习建模—像素分类”;迭代中若注视区连续相同,则表明感知饱和,迭代终止。若将每次像素分类结果看做是一种视觉刺激,则多次视觉刺激输出叠加,可生成新的图像显著性图。最终的像素分类结果就是图像分割目标。结果 将本文算法与现有方法在标准图像数据库上进行对比评测,包括通过对6种算法在ECSSD、SED2和MSRA10K 3个图像数据库上的P-R曲线,F-measure值和平均绝对误差(MAE)值上进行定量分析,对6种模型生成的显著性图作定性比较。数据表明,本文算法在SED2和MSRA10K图象数据库中性能最好,在ECSSD图象数据库中稍低于BL(bootstrap learning)和RBD(robust background detection)算法。本文算法的显著图与人类视觉感知更接近。且算法的正反馈迭代过程一般可迅速饱和,并未显著增加算法负担。实验结果表明,本文方法可作为一种有效的后处理手段,显著提升常规显著性检测算法的性能。结论 提出了一种模拟人类视觉机制的数据驱动显著性检测算法,无需图像先验知识和事先的标记样本。面对多目标,背景复杂等情况,本文方法具有相对好的鲁棒性和适用性,并且能够较好解决现实环境中图像处理算法的通用性、可靠性和准确性问题。 相似文献
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Abdulmuttalib.T. Rashid Abduladhem A. Ali Mattia Frasca Luigi Fortuna 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2012,60(10):1221-1230
In this paper, a new method for robot navigation in dynamic environments, called the reciprocal orientation algorithm, is introduced. This algorithm deals with the case in which each robot moves without direct communication with the other robots. The algorithm suggested in this paper uses the concept of reciprocal orientation which guarantees both smooth and collision-free robot trajectories. The algorithm is implemented in several simulation scenarios, some of them involving tens of robots. The deadlock problem, which occurs between two robots, has been solved by using an adequate deadlock resolution algorithm. 相似文献
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This paper describes a novel coordination methodology of autonomous mobile robots for jams in a congested system with bottlenecks. This methodology consists of two approaches based on an interaction force and behavior regulation rule for a robot. The former is for directly controlling velocity of a robot in the behavioral dynamics, and the latter is for amplifying the interaction force so that velocity of a robot is externally reduced in a certain place. In the first approach, a previously-proposed robot behavior control technique by the authors that utilizes the interaction force among robots is improved, and it enables the robots to reduce their velocity in response to not only a jam but also a decelerating robot immediately in front of them. In the second approach, a behavior regulation rule in connection with the interaction force is designed and provided in congested segments on a lane. Thus, the amplified interaction force causes the robots to move more slowly in the congested segments. The improved robot behavior control technique and behavior regulation rule are implemented in simulation experiments and compared to the previous robot behavior control technique and adaptive cruise control (ACC) that has been proposed for vehicles. Furthermore, the improved interaction force and behavior regulation rule are appended to ACC, and the potential of using ACC with the two approaches is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved interaction force and the behavior regulation rule for multi-robot coordination in a congested system with bottlenecks is shown. 相似文献
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为改善多用户系统中由有限反馈导致的性能缺失,提出了一种基于码本的预处理有限反馈预编码方法。该方法在接收端根据部分子载波信道信息采用最大信干比准则从预置码本中选取码字反馈给发送端,在发送端根据子载波簇的相关性重构各子载波预编码矩阵,对发送信号进行线性变换以达到容量最优,在接收端利用干扰用户信息对接收阵列信号进行预处理消除部分干扰信息,从而补偿由于有限反馈导致的性能缺失。实验结果表明,所提出的方法在保证反馈链路开销与系统误码性能的情况下,有效地改善了系统吞吐量。 相似文献